UNIT 1 WATER TECHNOLOGY

1. 1 M Na2EDTA ≡ _______CaCO3. 1g 10 g 100 g 1000

g

2. 10 mg/lit is equal to _______. 0.1 ppm 1 ppm 10

ppm 100 ppm

3. Anion exchange resins are regenerated by_______.

Hot solution Cold solution Acidic solution
Alkaline solution

4. Bicarbonate alkalinity of water is determined by using

indicator_______. Methyl orange Phenolphthalein Phenol red
Cresol red

5. Blow down operation is_______. Removing hot steam

from boilers Removing dissolved impurities from boiler water
Removing hot water having higher concentration of impurities
from boiler Removal of impurities

6. Cation exchange resins are regenerated by_______. Hot

solution Cold solution Acidic solution Alkaline solution

7. Determination of Alkalinity is a type of titration known

as______. Precipitation Redox Complexometric Acid-
base

8. EDTA method used to determine hardness of water is a

Precipitation titration Redox titration Complexometric
titration Acid-base titration

9. Equivalent weight of CaCO3 is _______. Equal to its

1
 molecular weight Half its molecular weight Double its molecular
weight Triple its molecular weight

10. Hardness of water is its _______. Soap releasing capacity

Soap forming capacity Soap consuming capacity Soap
dissolving capacity

11. Hydroxide alkalinity of water is determined by using indicator

Methyl orange Phenolphthalein Phenol red Cresol red

12. If P = M, then alkalinity of water is due to ions_______. OH¯

HCO3¯ CO-23OH¯ and CO-23

13. In the determination of hardness of water by EDTA method,

buffer added is of pH_______. 8 9 10 12

14. In the determination of hardness of water, Na2EDTA is

preferred instead of EDTA because_______. EDTA is volatile EDTA
is very cheap EDTA is colorless EDTA is partially soluble in
water.

15. Increase in temperature of water decreases the solubility

of_______. MgSO4 Na2SO4 CaSO4 ZnSO4

16. Indicator used in EDTA method to determine hardness of

water is_______. Thymol blue Alizarin Yellow R Eriochrome
Black T Bromocresol red

17. Metal-EBT complex is_______. Blue coloured Wine red

coloured Pink coloured Colourless

2
18. Permanent hardness is also known as_______. Carbonate
hardness Non-carbonate hardness Total hardness None of
above

19. The colour of Metal-EDTA complex is_______. Blue Wine

red Pink Colourless

20. A semipermeable membrane allows the flow of _______.

Solute molecules Solvent molecules Both solute & solvent
molecules Neither solute nor solvent molecules

21. Anion exchange resin is denoted as_______. R(OH)2

RH2 ROOH RCOH

22. Anion exchange resin has functional group_______. -SO3H

-NMe3OH RH2 RCOH

23. Calgon is commercial name of_______. Sodium

metaphosphate Disodium hydrogen phosphate Sodium pyro
phosphate Sodium hexa meta phosphate

24. Cation exchange resin has functional group_______. -SO3H

-NMe3OH RH2 RCOH

25. Flow of water through semi permeable membrane from higher

concentration to lower concentration takes place when_______.
Applied pressure < osmotic pressure Applied pressure =
osmotic pressure Applied pressure > osmotic pressure Applied
pressure = 0

26. Hardness of water is accurately determined by titration

against_______. Std. AgNO3 solution Std EDTA solution Std.

3
 KMnO4 solution Std H2SO4 solution

27. If water has 380ppm hardness then it has_______.38 mg of Ca

salts in 1 litre 380 mg of Ca salts in 1 litre 380 mg of CaCO3
equivalents in 1 litre 38 mg of CaCO3 equivalents in 1 litre

28. If water is acidic the phosphate conditioning of boiler is done

using_______. Sodium di hydrogen phosphate Disodium
hydrogen phosphate Tri sodium phosphate Sodium hex meta
phosphate

29. If water is highly alkaline the phosphate conditioning of boiler

is done using_______. Sodium di hydrogen phosphate
Disodium hydrogen phosphate Tri sodium phosphate
Sodium hex meta phosphate

30. If water is weakly alkaline the phosphate conditioning of boiler

is done using_______. Sodium di hydrogen phosphate
Disodium hydrogen phosphate Tri sodium phosphate
Sodium hex meta phosphate

31. In reverse osmosis flow of liquid is from ______ solution.

Dilute to concentrated Concentrated to dilute Top to
bottom None of these

32. In softening of water by zeolites which of the following

statement is most appropriate _______. Hardness of water is
removed All cations & anions are removed from water All
anions are removed from water Soft water is obtained and
contains equivalent quantities of sodium salts

33. Mg(HCO3)2 on boiling forms _______. MgCO3+ CO2

4
 +H2O MgCO3+ CO2 Mg(OH)2+2CO2 Mg(OH)2+ H2CO3

34. Permanent hardness in water is caused by _______.

MgCO3 CaCO3 CaSO4 Mg(HCO3)2

35. Reverse osmosis is a process in which_______.

Contaminants are removed from water Water is separated
from its contaminants Hardness of water is removed Dissolved
gases from water is removed.

36. RO process involves _______. Solvent moves from solution of

higher conc. to lower conc. through semipermeable membrane
Solute molecules move from solution of higher conc. to lower
conc. through semipermeable membrane Solvent moves from
lower conc. to higher conc. Solute molecules move from solution
of lower conc to solution of higher conc. through semipermeable
membrane

37. Sodium zeolite or permutit can be represented as_______.

Mg2O.Al2O3. xSiO2.yH2O Na2O.Al2O3.xSiO2.yH2O
Ca2O.Si2O3.xNa2O.yH2O Si2O.Al2O3.xK2O.yH2O

38. Temporary hardness in water is removed by _______.

Sedimentation Filtration Addition of Na2CO3
Boiling

39. The exhausted resins in the ion exchange process are

regenerated by_______. Cation exchanger by 10 % NaCl & anion
exchanger by dil NaOH Cation exchanger by dil HCl & anion
exchanger by 10% NaCl Cation exchanger by dil NaOH & anion
exchanger by dil HCl Cation exchanger by dil HCl & anion

5
 exchanger by dil NaOH

40. The exhausted zeolite bed is in the form of_______.

Na2Ze K2Ze CaZe H2Ze

41. The process of removing extra salts from sea water is called
as_______. Softening Deionization De salination
Electrodialysis

42. The zeolite bed can be regenerated_______. Once Twice

Thrice Several times

43. To decrease concentration of salts in water by applying direct

electric current, the process used is_______. Ion exchange
Zeolite Electrodialysis Osmosis

44. When boiler feed water is treated with _______ it gets

hydrolyzed forming gelatinous precipitate of Aluminium hydroxide.
Sodium carbonate Sodium aluminate Sodium phosphate
Sodium bicarbonate

45. Which of the following is not method for disinfection of water

_______. Chlorination Ozonization Electrodyalysis UV
treatment

46. Which of the methods separate both ionic and nonionic

impurities_______. Reverse osmosis Electrodialysis
Zeolite process IONS exchange process

47. Zeolite exchanger has ability to replace Calcium ions in water

by _______. Sodium ions Magnesium ions Hydrogen ions
Hydroxyl ions

48. Colloidal impurities in water, are removed by_______.

6
 Distillation of water Sedimentation Co-agulation and
sedimentation Sterilization

49. A soap is chemically_______. Ester of fatty acid

Calcium salt of fatty acid Sodium salt of fatty acid
Mixture of ester and salt of fatty acid

50. In the determination of hardness of water by EDTA method,

the end point is_______. Pink to colourless Blue to wine red
Yellow to orange Wine red to blue

51. In the determination of hardness of water by EDTA method,

complex M-EDTA formed is stable at pH_______. 4 7 10
13

52. EDTA has _____ reactive sites for co-ordination Four Six
Three Five

53. Soft water +buffer(pH10)+indicator(EBT) develops

________colour Orange Colourless Blue Wine red

54. Colour of Metal-EDTA complex is _______. Orange

Colourless Blue Wine red

55. If P > ½ M, then alkalinity of water is due to ions_______.

OH– HCO3– CO3–2 and HCO3– OH– and CO3–2

56. If P < 1/2 M, then alkalinity of water is due to ions_______.

OH– HCO3– CO3–2 and HCO3– OH– and CO3–2

57. A sodium zeolite, is chemically_______. Sodium silicate

7
 Sodium aluminate Sodium aluminosilicate Sodium phosphate

58. Conversion factor for converting mg of NaCl in terms of CaCO

is_______. 100/58.5 58.5/100 58.5/50 50/58.5

59. The water entering in anion exchanger resin from cation

exchanger resin is_______. Hard Basic Acidic
Neutral

60. Sea water can be made potable by_______. Zeolite process

Lime-soda process Reverse osmosis process
Deionisation process

61. Priming is the formation of_______. Wet steam Dry steam

Super heated steam Bubbles on the surface of water

62. Zeolite process removes hardness of water by _______.

Formation of sludge Converting it into sodium impurities
By sedimentation By degasification

63. The flow of water (or other solvent) through a semipermeable

membrane due to concentration difference is called _______.
Reverse osmosis Osmosis Electrodialysis Filtration

64. On boiling hard water, temporary hardness is removed by

forming precipitates of_______. Calcium and magnesium
chloride Calcium and magnesium carbonate Calcium carbonate
and magnesium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide and magnesium
carbonate

65. The role of adding buffer solution of pH 9 to 10 in the titration

8
 mixture during titration of hard water against EDTA is_______. To
note the end point colour To neutralize the acidic hard water
sample Helps the reaction during titration To maintain the
required pH which may change due to formation of acid during
titration reaction

UNIT 2 INSTRUMENTAL METHOD

OF ANALYSIS

1 Acid buffer consists of a solution of________. Weak acid

and its salt with strong base Weak acid and its salt with weak base
Strong acid and its salt with weak base Strong acid and its salt
with strong.

2 As H+ ion concentration decreases, EMF of the cell ________.

Decreases Increase Remains zero Remains constant

3 At all temperatures, std. hydrogen electrode potential is equal to

________ 0.00V 0.0591V 1.00V 1.1V

4 At the bottom of calomel electrode there is a layer of ________.

Only Hg Hg and paste of HgCl2 and Hg Hg and paste of Hg2Cl2
and Hg Paste of Hg2Cl2 and Hg

5 Basic buffer can be prepared by mixing________. Weak acid

with salt of weak acid & strong base Weak base with salt of weak base &
strong acid Weak acid with salt of weak acid & weak base Weak base
with salt of weak acid & weak base.

9
6 Calomel electrode and silver−silver chloride electrode are the
examples of________. Reference electrode, Standard
electrode, Secondary reference electrode Tertiary electrode

7 Calomel electrode can be represented as ________. Pt,

AgCl |Cl− Hg,HgCl2 |Cl− Pt |1M HCl Hg,Hg2Cl2 |Cl−

8 Calomel electrode gives unstable reading above

500c,because________. Mercurous chloride breaks down,
decomposesMercury vapourises, Glass tube breaks, Of loosening of
electrical contact.

9 Calomel electrode is reversible with respect to________.

Cation KCl solution Chloride ions Hg2 Cl2

10 Calomel is made by using________. Hg with mercurous

Chloride Hg with mercuric Chloride. Zinc with mercurous Chloride
Ca with mercurous Chloride.

11 Electrode potential of calomel electrode filled with saturated KCl is

0.331V 0.283V 0.2422V 0.0 V

12 Electrode potential of reference electrode ________.

Decreases if connected to anode Increases if connected to
anode. Increases if connected to cathode. Remains constant during
use

13 Example of acidic buffer is ________. NH4OH + NH4Cl

NH4OH + CH3COOH CH3COOH + CH3COONa NH4Cl + CH3COOH

14 Example of basic buffer is ________. NH4OH + NH4Cl

NH4OH + CH3COOH CH3COOH + CH3COONa NH4Cl+ CH3COOH

15 Glass electrode functions as ________. Irreversible

chloride electrode Irreversible hydrogen electrode Reversible
hydrogen electrode Reversible chloride electrode

10
16 Glass electrode is used as an indicator electrode in ________.
Potentiometery, Conductometery, pHmetery, photometry

17 In case of calomel electrode potential decreases________.

As concentration of KCl increases As concentration of KCl
decreases As concentration of HgCl2 increase As concentration of
HgCl2 decreases

18 In glass electrode glass membrane sensitive to hydrogen ions is made

from ________. Soft glass Tough glass Borosilicate glass
Silicate glass

19 In glass electrode, at glass membrane ion exchange reaction occurs in

which H+ ions of glass are exchanged for Na+ ions. Glass
is exchanged for Na+ ions. Glass is exchanged for H+ ions Na+ ions
of glass are exchanged for H+ ions.

20 In glass electrode, potential is produced across the membrane which

is used to measure ________. pH of the solution Basicity of the
solution Single electrode potential Temperature of the solution.

21 In ion selective electrode, electrode potential arises due to difference

in H+ ion concentration inside and outside the ________. Glass
membrane Glass tube Electrode Glass bulb

22 In Nernst equation if the concentration of the solution is

increased________. Electrode potential increases Electrode
potential decreases Electrode potential remains constant Electrode
potential depends on type of electrode

23 In titration of Strong acid and strong base, pH at equivalence point

________ <7 >7 equal to 7 zero

24 Potential of any electrode can be measured when it is coupled with

________. Glass electrode Calomel electrode Platinum

11
electrode Indicator electrode

25 Potential of Calomel Electrode depends upon concentration of

________. Potassium Chloride Mercury Mercurous
Chloride Mercuric Chloride

26 Standard hydrogen electrode is a type of ________

Secondary reference electrode Indicator electrode
Primary reference electrode Glass electrode

27 The ________of pH electrode changes as the hydrogen ion

concentration of a solution changes Temperature. Colour.
Electrode potential. Size

28 The most widely used reference electrode is ________. Glass

electrode Calomel electrode SHE ION selective electrode

29 Which of the following electrode is H+ sensitive and used for pH

measurement of a solution ________. Std. hydrogen electrode
Calomel electrode Glass electrode Platinum electrode

30 ________ is used to determine cell constant. Potassium

permanganate, Sodium chloride, Calcium chloride Potassium
chloride

31 A pair of electrodes used for measurement of conductometry

_______ Platinum. Silver Mercury Graphite

32 According to Kohlrausch’s law, ions of an electrolyte move

independently at ________. Any concentration Infinite dilution
Infinite concentration 1M concentration

33 All the three types of (equivalent conductance, conductance and

molar conductance) ________. Increase with increase in
temperature Increase with decrease in temperature Decrease
with increase in temperature Constant with increase in temperature

12
34 Cell constant is given by the factor ________. a/l a.l
l/a a2.l

35 Conductivity of a solution is directly proportional to ________.

Dilution Number of ions. Current density Volume of
solution

36 Electrolytic conduction by solution , is due to movement of

________. Electrons Ions Atoms Electrons as well as ions

37 pH meter uses an equation called ________ to convert mV signal to

pH Newman Nernst Faraday Newton

38 pH scale is________. Linear Inverted Exponential

Logarithmic

39 Ratio of specific conductance to that of conductance is

called________. Specific resistance Molar conductance
Equivalent conductance Cell constant

40 Reciprocal of specific resistance is ________.

Conductance Specific conductance Molar conductance
Equivalent conductance

41 The correct unit of cell constant is ________. Ω−1 cm−1

cm−1 cm2 Ω cm−1

42 The reference electrodes are those whose potential is________.

Constant Reproducible Stable Stable and reproducible

43 Unit for measurement of conductance Ohm mho

mV eV

44 Unit for molar conductivity________. Ω cm2 mol−1 Ω−

1cm2 mol Ω −1cm2 mol−1 Ω −1cm−2 mol−1

45 Unit for specific conductance is________. Ω mho Ω cm

13
 Ω−1cm−1

46 When a concentrated solution of an electrolyte is diluted ________.

Its Specific conductance increases Its Specific conductance
decreases Its Specific conductance decreases and equivalent conductance
increases Its Specific conductance increases and equivalent conductance
decreases

47 When glass electrode is coupled with Calomel electrode then

________. Glass electrode act as reference electrode Calomel
electrode act as indicator electrode Glass electrode as indicator electrode
and calomel as reference electrode Calomel electrode as anode

48 Which of the following solutions of NaCl will have highest specific

conductance? 0.001N 0.01N 0.1N 1N

49 Which of the following statement is true for glass electrode?

Potential of glass electrode varies with Potential of glass
electrode varies with pH of the solution Potential of glass electrode
varies with atmospheric pressure Potential of glass electrode remains
constant under any condition.

50 Equivalent conductance of an electrolyte at infinite dilution is

________. Minimum Maximum Zero Equal to molar
conductance

51 In case of strong electrolyte, on dilution, there is increase in

conductance which is due to ________. Increase in the mobility
of ions Decrease in the mobility of ions. Increased dissociation
Decreased dissociation

52 In case of weak electrolyte, on dilution, there is increase in

conductance due to ________. Decreased dissociation Moderate
dissociation Increased dissociation double decrease

53 The resistance of the solution can be measured by ________.

14
 Voltmeter Ammeter Wheatstone’s meter bridge Rheostat

54 Which of the following solution has the highest pH.? 0.1 N

HCl 0.01 N HCl 0.1 N NaOH 0.01N NaOH.

15