IES MASTER Civil Engineering Conventional Test Paper

IES MASTER
Institute for Engineers (IES/GATE/PSUs)
Sl. No. 01 ABCDEF(M)

Civil Engineering
Conventional Test - 01 Paper-I
11th March 2018
Time Allowed : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 300
Section-A
1. (a) (i) A sample of dry soil has a void ratio of 0.65 and its grain specific gravity of
2.75. What is its unit weight?
(ii) Water is added to the sample so that degree of saturation is 60% without any
change in void ratio. Determine the water content and bulk unit weight.
(iii) Determine the bulk unit weight of sample, if the degree of saturation is 95%
and 100% respectively. [12 Marks]
Sol. (i) Given Void ratio = 0.65
GS = 2.75
G w
 Unit weight =  d 
1 e
2.75  9.81
=
1  0.65
= 16.35 kN/m3
(ii) Given
S = degree of saturation = 60%
? Se = wG
Here, w = Water Content
Se 0.65  0.65
 w = = = 0.1418
G 2.75
(2) CE (Test-01), ESE Conventional Test Series Paper-I Questions, 11th March 2018
 Water content = 0.1418

or Water content = 14.18%
Bulk Unit Weight (  b )
(G  Se) w
b =
1 e
When S = 60%
(2.75  0.6  0.65)  9.81
b =
1  0.65
= 18.67 kN/m3
 Bulk unit weight = 18.67 kN/m3
(iii) When S = 95%
(2.75  0.95  0.65)9.81
 = = 20.02 kN/m3
1  0.65
When S = 100%
(2.75  1 0.65)
 =  9.81 = 20.21 kN/m3
1  0.65
1. (b) (i) Determine contribution of middle half of the cross-section of a rectangular

section b × d towards bending strength. Consider both middle width and
middle depth.
b b
d d/2 d
b/2
(a) (b)
[8 Marks]
(ii) A cantilever beam AB of length L is being designed to support a concentrated

load P at the free end. The cross sections of the beam are rectangular with
constant width b and varying height h. How the height of beam should vary
in order that the maximum normal stress at every cross-section will be equal
to allowable stress max . [4 Marks]
Regd. office : F-126, (Lower Basement), Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi-110016 Phone : 011-26522064
Mob. : 8130909220, 9711853908 E-mail: info@iesmasterpublications.com, info@iesmaster.org
Web. : iesmasterpublications.com, iesmaster.org
CE (Test-01), ESE Conventional Test Series Paper-I Questions, 11th March 2018 (3)
bd2
Sol. (i) Z =
6
For complete rectangle
bd2
Z1 =
6
(a) When middle depth is considered
Section modulus of shaded portion
I
Z2 =
y
b( d )3
2
=
 d
12   
2
bd3 bd2
= 
48d 48
Z2 bd2  6 1
Contribution =  2 = = 12.5%
Z1 48  bd 8
(b) Middle width is considered
b d2
2 bd2
Z3 = 
6 12
bd2  6
Contribution = = 50%.
12bd2
(ii)
b
B
h
M = Px
bh3 h
I = ; y
12 2
I bh2
Z = 
y 6
M Px 6Px
 = Z  bh2  6 = bh2
x x
6Px
allowable =
bh2x
2 6Px
hx =
b  allowable
6Px
hx = b  max Ans.
1. (c) An undisturbed sample of clay 24 mm thick, consolidated 50% in 20 minutes,

when tested in the laboratory with drainage allowed at top and bottom. The clay
layer from which the sample was obtained in the field is 4.8m thick. How much
time will it take to consolidate 50% with double drainage? If the clay layer has
only single drainage, calculate the time to consolidate 50%. Assume uniform
distribution of consolidation pressure. [12 Marks]
Sol. Given :
Clay Sample In field
H1 = 24 mm H2 = 4.8 m
u = 50% u = 50%
t1 = 20 minutes t2 = ?
 2
We know that for u = 50%, TV = (u )
4

 TV = (0.5)2 = 0.196
4
CV t
? TV =
d2
for 50% degree of consolidation of same soil, TV, CV are constant
 t  d2
2
t2  d2 
 =  
t1  d1 
 4.8  103 
 
 t2 = 20   2  = 800 × 103 minutes
 24 
 2 
 
4.8  103 24
(for double drainage, d2 = , d1 = )
2 2
800  103
or t2 = = 555.55 days
24  60
? time taken to 50% consolidation in field is  556 days. Ans.
If single drainage is available in field, then
2
t2  d2 
2  4.8  103 
t1
=   =  24 
 d1   
 2 
 4.8  103 
 t2 = 20   = 3.2 × 106 minutes
 12 
3.2  106
or t2 = = 2222.22 days
60  24
1. (d) The uniform beam is supported by two rods AB and CD that have cross-sectional
areas of 10 mm2 and 15 mm2 respectively. Determine the intensity  of the
distributed load so that the average normal stress in each rod does not exceed 300
kPa.
B D
A C
6m
[12 Marks]
Sol.
FAB FCD
Fy = 0
1
FAB + FCD =  6   = 3 ...(1)
2
 MA = 0
1
   6  4 = FCD × 6
2
FCD = 2
FAB = 3   2  
FAB 
Average normal stress in AB =  N / mm
A AB 10
From question, average normal stress in AB  300 × 103 Pa

 300 × 103 × 10–6
10
  300 × 10 × 103 × 10–6
  3 N/m
FCD 2
Average normal stress in CD =  N/mm
A CD 15
From question, average normal stress in CD  300 × 103 Pa
200
 300 × 103 × 10–6
15
300  103  106  15

 
2
  2.25 N/m
By comparing both the values of  ,
Maximum intensity of  = 2.25 N/m Ans.
1. (e) The principal stresses at a point in an elastic material are 1.5 (tensile),  (tensile)
and 0.5 (compressive). The elastic limit in tension is 210 MPa and µ = 0.3. What
would be the value of  at failure when computed by the different theories of
failure and also explain them briefly. [12 Marks]
Sol. Given data :
1 = 1.5  ;
2 =   ;
3 = (0.5)
Elastic limit in tension (f y) = 210 MPa

µ = 0.3
2 = +
1 = +(1.5)
3 = (–0.5)
(Macroscopic View of a Point)
Determine :  at failure when computed by different theories of failure.
(1) Maximum Principle Stress Theory : As per this theory for no failure, maximum principal Stress
should be less than yield stress under uniaxial loading.
So, (1  1.5 )  f y
fy  210 
 1.5   f y          140.00
1.5  1.5 
   140 MPa
(2) Maximum Principle Strain Theory : As per this theory, for no failure maximum principle strain should
be less than yield strain under uniaxial loading
y
i.e., max 
E
Among ( x ,  y , z ),  x will be maximum because 1 is maximum
1.5  (0.5)  1.5  0.3  0.15  1.35

 x =   =    =
E E E  E  E
1.35 210 210

        155.55 MPa.
E E 1.35
(3) Maximum shear stress theory : For no failure, maximum shear stress should be less than or equal
to maximum shear stress under uniaxial loading.
Since we have 3–D case,
 1  3 1  2 2  3 
Maximum shear stress = maximum  , , 
 2 2 2 
Maximum shear stress under uniaxial loading :
fy
y =
2
 From this theory
   3 1  2 2  3  fy
maximum  1 , ,  =
 2 2 2  2
1  3 210 (1.5)  ( 0.5)
    105
2 2 2
 2  210    105 MPa.
(4) Maximum strain energy theorem : For no failure, maximum strain energy absorbed at a point should
be less than or equal to total strain energy per unit volume under uniaxial loading, when material is
subjected to stress upto elastic limit.
12  22  2(12  2 3  3 1 )

Total strain energy =
2E
Total strain energy per unit volume under uniaxial loading
fy2
=
2E
 According to this theory,,

12   22  23  2( 1 2   2 3 )  fy2
 (1.5)2  ()2  (0.5)2  2  0.3(1.5      0.5  1.5  0.5)  2102
2102
 2     114.73 MPa
3.35
(5) Maximum distortion energy theory : For no failure, maximum shear strain energy in a body should
be less than maximum shear strain energy due to uniaxial loading.
1
(1  2 )2  (2  3 )2  (3  1 )2   fy2
2 
1
 [(1.5  )2  (  0.5)2  (0.5  1.5)2 ]  2102
2
0.252  2.252  42  2 × 210
2

2  2102 2  2102
  2    
6.5 6.5
   116.487 MPa
2. (a) (i) A natural soil deposit has a bulk density of 1.86 g/cc and water content of 5%.
Cal cu l at e t h e am ou n t of w at er r equ i r ed t o be added t o 1 m 3 of soil to raise
the water content to 15%. Assume the void ratio to remain constant. What
will then be degree of saturation? (Assume G = 2.68) [10 Marks]
Sol. Given,
Bulk density = 1.86 g/cc
Initial water content = 0.05
bulk 1.86 3
 d = dry density =   1.77 g/cm
1  w 170.05
or  d = 1.77 × 103 Kg/m3
Weight of solid
? d =
Total volume of sample (V)
 Weight of solid =  d  V  Ws
Let V = 1m3 (as given in question)

 W s = 1.77 × 103 × 1 Kg
Ws
also Water content = W
w
here Ww = Weight of water

 Ww = 0.05 × W s = 0.05 × 1.77 × 103 Kg
3
0.05  1.77  10 3
 Volume of water = 3
m
10
= 0.0885 m3
or Volume of water initially = 88.5 litres
when Water content = 15%
Weight of water = 0.15 × 1.77 × 103 Kg
3
0.15  1.77  10 3
Volume of water = 3
m
10
= 0.2655 m3
= 265.5 litres
 Amount of water added to 1 m3 of soil
= 265.5 – 88.5 litres
= 177 litres Ans.
Calculation of degree of saturation
G w 2.68  1
? d =  1.77 g/cc 
1 e 1 e
 Se = WG
WG 0.15  2.68
 S =   0.7821
e 0.514
 New degree of saturation = 78.21%
2. (a) (ii) The following data were obtained during an in-situ weight sand-replacement
method.
Volume of calibrating container = 1000 ml
Weight of empty container = 900 g
Weight of container + sand = 2550 g
Weight of sand filling the conical portion of sand pouring cylinder = 460 g
Initial weight of sand-pouring cylinder + sand = 5450 g
Weight of cylinder + sand after filling the excavated hole = 4180 g
Weight of excavated soil = 954 g
In situ water content = 8%
Determine the in-situ unit weight and in-situ dry unit weight.
[10 Marks]
Sol. Here we have to 1st of all determine the unit weight of sand, then volume of hole and then unit weight.
 Step 1: Calculation of unit weight of sand.
Weight of sand filling the calibrating container of volume 1000 ml = (2550 – 900)g = 1650 g
W 1650
 Unit weight of sand =   1.65 g/cc
V 1000
Weight of sand filling the excavated hole and the conical portion of sand pouring cylinder = 5450 – 4180
= 1270 g.
 Weight of sand used for filling the excavated hole = 1270 – 460 = 810 g
Weight of sand
 Volume of excavated hole =
Density of sand
810 3
=  490.91 cm
1.65
 Volume of excavated hole = 490.91 cm3
and Weight of excavated soil = 954 g (given)
954
 In-situ weight,  bulk = = 1.94 g/cm3
490.91
= 1.94 × 9.81 = 19.0 kN/m3

 In-situ dry unit weight =
1 w
19.03
=
1  0.08
= 17.62 kN/m3
2. (b) The rigid beam rests in the horizontal position on two aluminium cylinders having
the unloaded length shown in figure. If each cylinder has a diameter of 30 mm,
determine the placement x of the applied 80 kN load so that the beam remains
horizontal. What is the new diameter of cylinder A after the load is applied? Take
EAl = 70 GPa and µAl = 0.35.
x 80 kN
A B
220 mm 210 mm
3m
[20 Marks]
Sol.
x
80 kN
A B
x
80 kN
A B
VA VB
Fy = 0
VA + VB = 80 kN ...(1)
 MA = 0
VB × 3 = 80 × x
80x
VB = kN
3
80x 240  80x

VA = 80  = kN
3 3
240  80x
VA 3 240  80x
A = = = kN/mm 2
AA  2120.575
 302
4
80x
VB 3 80x
B = =  = kN/mm2
AB  30 2 2120.575
4
240  80x
 1000  220
A LA 2120.575
A = =
E Al 70  103
240  80x
= mm
674.728
80x
 1000  210
BLB 2120.575
B = =
EAl 70  103
80x
= mm
706.858
For beam to be horizontal

 A = B
240  80x 80x

=
674.728 706.858
x
 3– x =
1.048
 3.144 = 2.048x
3.144
x =  1.535 m from A, Ans.
2.048
240  80  1.535
 674.728
 A  A =
LA 220 mm
= 7.895 × 10–4 mm/mm
µ = 0.35
A = 0.35 × 7.895 × 10–4
= 2.763 × 10–4
d
= 2.763 × 10–4
d
d = 2.763 × 10–4 × 30 = 8.29 × 10–3 mm
Hence, New diameter of A = 30 + 8.29 × 10–3

= 30.0083 mm
2. (c) (i) The preliminary design of a large shaft connecting a motor to a generator
calls for the use of a hollow shaft with inner and outer diameters of 100 mm
and 150 mm, respectively. Knowing that the allowable shearing stress is 84
MPa, determine the maximum torque that can be transmitted (a) by the
shaft as designed, (b) by a solid shaft of the same weight (c) by a hollow shaft
of the same weight and of 200 mm outer diameter.
100 mm
T T
2.4 m
150 mm
[14 Marks]
Sol.
(a) Hollow shaft as designed

Ip = ((150)4  (100)4 ) = 39.88 × 106 mm4
32
T  (150 / 2)
max =
Ip
T  75
 84 N/mm2 =
39.88  106
 T = 44.7 kN-m
(b) Solid shaft of equal weight
For equal weight
Area of solid shaft = Area of hollow shaft
r32 = (752  502 )
 r3 = 55.9 mm
 allowable = 84 MPa
T  55.9

  (55.9)4 = 84
2
 T = 23.1 kN-m Ans.

(c) Hollow shaft of 200 mm outer diameter
For equal weight
(752  502 ) = (1002  r42 )
 r4 = 82.92 mm

Ip = (1004  82.924 ) = 82.82 × 106 mm4
2
all = 84 MPa
T  100
 = 84
82.82  106
 T = 69.6 kN-m
2. (c) (ii) The tube is made of bronze and has a rectangular cross-section as shown in
figure. If it is subjected to the two torques, determine the average shear
stress in the tube at points A and B. (Take G = 38 GPa)
3 mm
60 N-m
B 25 N-m
A 5 mm 60 mm
C
D
1.5m 0.5m
40 mm
[6 Marks]
Sol.
Am = 0.035 × 0.057 = 0.00200 m2
T 35 N  m
A =  = 1.75 MPa Ans.
2tA m 2  0.005  0.00200
T 35 N-m
B = 2tA = = 2.92 MPa Ans.
m 2  0.003  0.00200
3. (a) The load is supported by the four steel wires that are connected to the rigid members
AB and DC, determine the angle of tilt of each member after the 200 kN load is
applied. The members were originally horizontal, and each wire has a cross sectional
area of 350 mm2. Take E = 210 GPa.
E F G
3m
1m 2m
5m
D C
H
1.8m
A
B
3m 1m
200 kN
[20 Marks]
Sol.
FAH FBG
3m 1m
200 kN
Fy = 0
FAH + FBG = 200 ...(i)

 MA = 0
200 × 3 = FBG × 4
FBG = 150 kN
FAH = 50 kN
150
BG = = 0.429 kN/mm2
350
50
 AH = = 0.143 kN/mm2
350
BG  LBG
BG =
E
0.429  103  5000

=
210  103
= 10.214 mm
 AH  L AH
 AH =
E
0.143  103  1800

=
210  103
= 1.224 mm
FDE FCF
50 kN
Fy = 0
FDE + FCF = 50
MD = 0
50 × 1 = FCF × 3
50
FCF = kN
3
100
FDE = kN
3
FCF  LCF 50  3000  1000

 CF =  = 0.68 mm
A E 3  350  210  103
FDE  LDE 100  3000  1000

DE =  = 1.36 mm
A E 3  350  210  103
Inclination of CD
D H
C
0.68 0.68

0.68
0.68
tan  = = 0.013° Ans.
3000
H = 0.68 + tan(0.013°) × 2000
= 1.133 mm
 A = H   AH = 1.133 + 1.224 = 2.357 mm
A B
2.357 mm 2.357 mm

7.847 mm
7.847
tan  = = 0.112° Ans.
4000
3. (b) (i) In a consolidation test, an increase of 100 kN/m2 in the vertical pressure was
applied to a saturated clay sample initially 2.5 cm thick. The thickness of the
sample reduced to 2.46 cm after 24 hours. The sample was then relieved of
pressure and allowed to take up water. The final thickness was 2.465 cm and
the moisture content was 30%. Assuming that the sample was saturted
throughout the test, calculate the following : (Take G = 2.68)
(i) the void ratio after expansion
(ii) the initial void ratio
(iii) the void ratio after consolidation
(iv) the coefficient of volume compressibility [12 Marks]
Sol.
2.5 cm 2.46 cm 2.465 cm
wf = 30%
(i) Se = wG
e f = 0.3 × 2.68
= 0.804
Void ratio after expansion = 0.804
e1VS
e2VS
VS VS
V (e1  e2 )VS e
= =
V VS (1  e1 ) 1  e1
h A 0 e
 = 1 e
h A0 1
h e
=
h 1  e1
(2.465  2.46) e
=
2.465 1  0.804
e = 0.0037
ef – ec = 0.0037
0.804 – 0.0037 = ec
ec = 0.80
Void ratio after consolidation = 0.80
H e
= 1 e
H 1
(2.460  2.5) e
=
2.46 1  0.80
e = –0.029
ef – ei = –0.029
0.80 + 0.029 = ei
ei = 0.829
Initial Void Ratio = 0.829
Coefficient of Volume Compressibility
e
=
(1  ei )
0.029
=
100(1  0.829)
m v = 1.585 × 10–4 m2/kN
3. (b) (ii) In a consolidation test, the void ratio of the specimen which was 1.068 under
the effective pressure of 214 kN/m2, changed to 0.994 when the pressure was
increased to 429 kN/m2. Calculate the coefficient of compressibility,
compression index and the coefficient of volume compressibility. Find the
settlement of foundation resting on above type of clay if the thickness of
layer is 8 m and the increase in pressure is 10 kN/m2. [8 Marks]
Sol. Given : e1 = 1.068

e2 = 0.994
1 = 214 kN/m2
2 = 429 kN/m2
e
(i) Coefficient of compressibility = av =

e = e2 – e1 = 0.994 – 1.068
= –0.074
 = 429 – 214 = 215 kN/m2
(0.074)
 av = = 344.186 × 10–6 m2/kN
215
e
(ii) Compression index = Cc =

log 2
1
(0.074)
or Cc = = 0.2449
 429 
log  
 214 
av
(iii) Coefficient of volume compressibility m v = 1 e
o
344.186  10 6
 mv = = 166.43 × 10–6 m2/kN
1  1.068
(iv) Given : H = 8m
 = 10 kN/m2
We know that H = mV Ho

–6
 H = 166.43 × 10 × 10 × 8
= 13.314 × 10–3 m
or H  13.31 mm
3. (c) (i) Determine the strain  x knowing that the following strains have been
determined by the use of the rosette shown :
45°
3
2
30°
X
15°
1
1 = +480 µ
2 = –120 µ
3 = +80 µ [12 Marks]

Sol. 1 = –15°
2 = 30°
3 = 75°
x  y x  y  xy
1 =  cos21  sin 21
2 2 2
x  y x  y  xy
 480 =   0.866   ( 0.5)
2 2 2
 0.933 x 0.067 y 0.25  xy = 480 ...(1)
x  y x  y  xy
2 =  cos 22  sin22
2 2 2
x  y x  y  xy
 –120 =   0.5   0.866
2 2 2
 0.75 x 0.25 y 0.433  xy = –120 ...(2)
x  y x  y  xy
3 =  cos 23  sin23
2 2 2
x  y x  y  xy
 80 =  cos(2  75)  sin(2  75)
2 2 2
x  y x  y  xy
 80 =  ( 0.866)  0.5
2 2 2
 0.067 x 0.933 y 0.25  xy = 80 ...(3)
x = 253.2µ
y = 306.8µ
 xy = –892.8µ
Hence, x = 253.2 × 10–6
3. (c) (ii) The axle of a small truck is acted upon by the forces and couple shown.
Knowing that the diameter of the axle is 36 mm, determine the normal and
shearing stresses at point H located on the top of the axle.
H
0 mm
25
N
3k
0 mm
20
-m
0N
40
N
3k
[8 Marks]
Sol. M = 3 × 0.2 = 0.6 kN-m
36  103
r = = 18 × 10–3 m
2
 4 
I = r =  (18  103 )4 = 8.245 × 10–8 m4
4 4
 4
Ip =  r = 1.65 × 10–7 m4
2
My 0.6  18  10 3
Normal stress H = = = –130988.48 kN/m Ans.
I 8.245  108
= –130.988 MPa
Shear stress at section H V = 0
T = 400 N-m
Tr 400  18  103
 = I = = 43636363.64 N/m2
p 1.65  107
= 43.64 MPa Ans.
4. (a) (i) Determine (a) the compressive force in the bars shown after a temperature
rise of 96°C; (b) the corresponding change in length of bronze bar.
0.5mm 0.35m 0.45m
Br Al
Bronze Aluminium
A = 1500 mm2 A = 1800 mm2

E = 105 GPa E = 73 GPa
 = 21.6 × 10–6/°C  = 23.2 × 10–6/°C [12 Marks]

Sol. Total free thermal expansion
= Lb b T  L Al  Al T
= 0.35 × 21.6 × 10–6 × 96 + 0.45 × 23.2 × 10–6 × 96

= 1.728 × 10–3 m
Shortening due to induced compressive force
P = 1.728 – 0.5 = 1.228 mm
PLb PL Al
  = 1.228 × 10–3
AbEb A Al  EAl
 0.35 0.45 
 P 6 9
 6 9  = 1.228 × 10
–3
1500  10  105  10 1800  10  73  10 
 P × 5.6469 × 10–9 = 1.228 × 10–3

P = 217.465 kN Ans.
PLb
(b) b = Lb b T 
AbEb
217.465  103  0.35

= 0.35  21.6  106  96 
1500  106  105  109
= 2.425 × 10–4 m
= 0.2425 mm. Ans. (Expansion)
4. (a) (ii) Determine the dilatation e and change in volume of the 200 mm length of
the rod shown if the rod is made of steel with E = 200 GPa and µ = 0.3.
22 mm diameter
46 kN 46 kN
200 mm
[8 Marks]
 2 
Sol. A = d =  222 = 380.13 mm2 = 380.13 × 10–6 m2
4 4
P = 46 kN = 46 × 103 N
P 46  103
 = = = 121.01 × 106 Pa
A 380.13  106
 y = 0,  z = 0
1 
x = ( x   y  z ) = x
E E
x
y = z = 
E
Dilatation, e = V = x  y  z
1 (1  2 ) x
= ( x   x   x ) =
E E
Volume = V = A × L
= 380.13 × 10–6 × 200 × 10–3
= 76.026 × 10–6 m3
(1  2  0.3)121.01 106
e = = 242.02 × 10–6 Ans.
200  109
–6 –6
V = V V = 242.02 × 10 × 76.026 × 10 Ans.
= 18.40 × 10–9 m3
= 18.40 mm3
4. (b) The wood beam is subjected to a load of 12 kN. Determine the principal stress at
point A and specify the orientation of the element.
2m 1m 12kN 4m
200mm
300mm
A
75 mm
[20 Marks]
Sol.
3m 12kN 4m
R1 R2
12  4 48
R1 = = kN
7 7
12  3 36
R2 =  kN
7 7
48
At point A, V = kN
7
48 96
M = 2  kN-m
7 7
bh3 0.2  0.33

I = = = 4.5 × 10–4 m4
12 12
96
 0.075
MYA 7
A = = = 2285.71 kN/m2 (Tensile)
I 4.5  104
48
 (0.2  0.075)  0.1125
VAY 7
A = =
Ib 4.5  104  0.2
= 128.57 kN/m2
At point A,  x = 2285.71 kN/m2
y = 0
xy = –128.57 kN/m2
2
x  y  x   y  2
1,2 =     xy
2  2 
2
2285.71  0  2285.71  0  2
=
2
 
2   (128.57)
 
= 1142.85 ± 1150.06
1 = 2292.91 kN/m2 Ans.
2 = –7.21 kN/m2 Ans.
2xy 2  128.57
tan2P =     2285.71  0 = –0.11
1
x y
P1 = –3.21°
P2 = 86.79°
2
7.21 kN/m
3.21°
2
2292.91 kN/m
at P1 = –3.21°
x  y x  y
x =  cos2   xy sin 2
2 2
2285.71 2285.71
=  cos(2  ( 3.21))  128.57  sin( 2  3.21)
2 2
= 2292.91 kN/m2
4. (c) An oedometer test is performed on a normally consolidated clay stratum that is
350 cm thick and it is found that clays initial void ratio was e0 = 0.8 and its
primary compression index Cc = 0.28 the in-situ stress at mid clay layer is 0 =
120 kN/m2 and the secondary compression index Cs = 0.02. The building exerts a
pressure through the mat foundation of 80 kN/m2.
The time of completion of the primary settlement is approximately 18 months.
What is the total consolidation of 350 cm clay stratum 5 year after the primary
consolidation. [20 Marks]
Sol. Given
Initial void ratio = 0.8
Cc = 0.28
Cs = 0.02
0 = 120 kN/m2
0 = 80 kN/m2
Primary settlement of clay layer
CcH0    0 
log  0 
H = 1  e 0
0  
0.28  350  200 

H = log  
1  0.8  120 
H = 12.078 cm
Secondary settlement of clay layer
CsH100  t 
log10 
H = 1  e100 
 t100 
t100 = Time required for completion of primary consolidation

e100 = Void ratio at end of primary consolidation
H100 = Thickness of clay layer after primary consolidation
e100 = e0  e
H e
= 1 e
H 0
12.08
(1  0.8) = e
350
e = 0.063
e100 = 0.8 – 0.063
e100 = 0.737
and H100 = H0  H
= 350 – 12.08
= 337.92 cm
CsH100  t 
Hs = 1  e log  t 
100  100 
0.02 337.92 6.5

= log10
1 0.737 1.5
Hs = 2.478 cm
Hence, total settlement = H  Hs

= 12.08 + 2.478
= 14.558 cm
5. (a) (i) Explain differential free swell test. Also state the relationship between degree
of expansiveness and DFS, percent. [8 Marks]
Sol. • In this test two sample of dry soil weighing 10 gm each, passing thorugh 425  sieve are taken.
• One of those sample is paired into a 50 cm3 graduated cylinder containing kerosene oil (non polar liquid)
while other is poured in a similar cylinder containing distilled water.
• Their volume are noted after 24 hours.
• The differential free swell is defined as
Soil Volume in Water – Soil Volume in Kerosene

DFS =  100%
Soil Volume in Kerosene
The relationship between degree of expansiveness and DFS, percent is stated below in the table.
Degree of expansiveness DfS, percent

Low Less than 20
Moderate 20  35
High 35  50
Very High Greater than 50
5. (a) (ii) List various measure that can be used to eliminate possibility of swelling of
soil. [4 Marks]
Sol. The elimination of possible soiling can theoretically be brought about by following measures :
1. Pre-wetting the soil mass to a moisture content equal to the equilibrium moisture content.
2. Providing large enough external loads, which exceeds the swelling pressure.
3. Chemical stabilization with lime, as lime stabilization is effective in reducing the liquid limit and plastic
limit of the soil, hence swelling potential is reduced.
5. (b) Define the following
(i) Compression Index
(ii) Coefficient of Volume Compressibility
(iii) Coefficient of Consolidation
(iv) 2° – Consolidation [3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12 Marks]

Sol. (i) Compression Index : It is the slope of linear portion of e  log  plot and is dimensionless number
e
CC =
 
log  2 
 1 
e1
e
e2
log1 log2
log10 
(ii) Coefficient of Volume Compressibility : It is ratio of “Volume change per unit Volume” to increase in
effective stress :
V H  e 
mV = V = H =  1  e0 
  
• It represents the compression of the soil, per unit original thickness, due to unit increase of pressure.
(iii) Coefficient of Consolidation : The coefficient of consolidation is the parameter used to describe the rate
at which saturated clay or other soil undergoes consolidation, when subjected to increase in pressure.
Mathematically,
u  2u
= CV 2
t z
where u = excess pore water pressure at any time and at any location z.
and CV = coefficient of consolidation.
• It is a soil parameter governing time-rate of consolidation.
(iv) 2°–Consolidation : The consolidation of soil layer, after completion of primary consolidation, at constant
effective stress, due to gradual readjustment of clay particles into a more stable configuration, is known
as secondary consolidation or 2°-consolidation.
• It is important for organic soil like peat.
5. (c) If the material of the beam has an allowable bending stress at allow = 150 MPa,
determine the maximum allowable intensity w of the uniformly distributed load.
w
300 mm
6m 150 mm
[12 Marks]
wL2
Sol. Mmax =
8
w  62
= = 4.5w kN-m
8
Mmax Y
max =
I
4.5w  200  36  103
=
150  3003  (103 )4
= 8 × 103 w kN/m2
8  103  103
= 6
w N/mm2
10
= 8 w N/mm2
max  allow
8 × w  150
150
w 
8
w  18.75 kN/m
Hence, maximum allowable intensity = 18.75 kN/m.
5. (d) A point on a thin plate is subjected to the two successive states of stress shown.
Determine the resultant state of stress represented on the element oriented as
shown on the right.
60 MPa
85 MPa y
45°
xy
+ = x
30°
85 MPa
[12 Marks]
Sol. Element 1:
y x
y
85 MPa
x
45°
85 MPa
 x = 85 MPa
 y = 85 MPa
xy = 0
 = –45°
x  y x  y
x =  cos2   xy sin 2
2 2
85  85 85  85
=  cos( 90)  0
2 2
= 85 MPa
 Y = (x   y )   x
= (85 + 85) – 85
= 85 MPa
x  y
xy =  sin 2  xy cos2
2
85  85
=  sin( 90)  0
2
= 0 MPa
Element 2 :
x = 0 = y
xy = 60 MPa
 = –60°
Y
Y
X
60 MPa
60°
X
30°
x  y x  y
x =  cos2   xy sin 2
2 2
= 0 + 0 + 60 sin (–120)
= –51.96 MPa
 Y = (x   y )   x
= 0 – (–51.96) = 51.96 MPa
( x   y )
xy = sin2   xy cos2
2
= 0 + 60 cos (–120)
= –30 MPa
Combining both of the elements
 x = 85 – 51.96 = 33.04 MPa
 y = 85 + 51.96 = 136.96 MPa
xy = –30 MPa
5. (e) In a consolidation test the following data was obtained :

Void ratio of the soil = 0.75
Specific gravity of the soil = 2.62
Compression Index = 0.1
Determine the settlement of the footing resting on the saturated soil with properties
as given above. The thickness of the compressible soil is 3 m. The increase in
pressure at the centre of the layer is 60 kN/m2. The preconsolidation pressure is 50
kN/m2. (Take Cr = 0.03) [12 Marks]
Sol. Given :
CC = 0.1, GS = 2.62, e = 0.75, Cr = 0.03
H = Settlement of clay layer
CCH     
log  o 
H = 1  e
o  o 
Preconsolidation pressure :
C = 50 kN/m2
(Gs  e)  w (2.62  0.75)  9.81

 sat = = = 18.89 kN/m3
1 e 1  0.75
o = stress at the centre of clay
= 18.89 × 1.5 = 28.34 kN/m2

 = 60 kN/m2 (given)
o   = 28.34 + 60 = 88.34 kN/m2 > C
Cr H   C H     
 H = log  C   C log  o 
1  eo  o  1  eo  C 
0.03  3  50  0.1 3  28.34  60 

= log    log  
1  0.75  28.34  1  0.75  50 
= 0.01267 + 0.04237 mm
= 0.05504 m
 Settlement = 55.04 mm
6. (a) (i) The following are the data obtained in shrinkage limit test.
Initial weight of saturated soil = 95.6 g
Initial volume of saturated soil = 68.5 cm3
Final dry volume = 24.1 cm3
Final dry weight = 43.5 g
Determine the shrinkage limit, the specific gravity of grains, the initial and
final dry unit weight, bulk unit weight and void ratio. [14 Marks]
Sol.
(V 1–Vd) (V 1–Vd)w
Water
Water Air
3
V1 = 68.5 cm
w1 = 95.6g
Vd
Solid Solid Vd Solid
wsolid
wsolid wsolid
initial soil soil at

shrinkage limit
Let the water content at shrinkage limit be wS.
(W1  Wsolid )  (V1  Vd ) w (V1  Vd ) w

 WS = = Wi 
Wsolid Wsolid
where V1 = initial saturated volume
Vd = final dry volume
wi = initial water content
weight of water initially

wi =
weight of solid
95.6  43.5
= = 1.1977
43.5
(68.5  24.1)  1
 wS = 1.1977 
43.5
= 0.177
 Shrinkage limit = 17.7% Ans.
Determination of Specific Gravity (GS)
 WS 
 Vd   w
WW (Vd  VS ) W  GS  w 
? wS = = =
WSolid WSolid WSolid
 43.5 
 24.1  1
 GS  1 
 0.177 =
43.5
 GS  2.652 Ans.
i
Initial dry unit weight = = (  d )i
1 w
95.6
( bulk )initial = = 1.396 g/cm3 = 13.7 kN/m3
68.5
1.396  9.81
 (  d )i = = 6.23 kN/m3 Ans.
1  1.1977
Initial void ratio = wiGS

= 1.1977 × 2.65
= 3.174 Ans.
Final void ratio = wSGS
= 0.177 × 2.65 = 0.469 Ans.
WS
Final dry unit weight =  d = V
f
43.5
=
24.1
= 1.805 g/cc
= 17.707 kN/m3 Ans.
6. (a) (ii) Explain and discuss the significance of Liquidity Index, Activity, Thixotropy
and Sensitivity of soil. [6 Marks]
Sol.
Liquidity Index (IL) : Liquidity Index is defined as the ratio of difference between the natural water
content of a soil and its plastic limit to its plasticity Index.
W  Wp
IL =
IP
The liquidity index of a soil indicates the nearness of its water content to its liquid limit.
Activity (A): It is the ratio of the plasticity index and the percentage of clay fraction.
Plasticity Index
Activity =
% by weight finer than 2µ (clay)
The amount of water in a soil mass depends upon the type of clay mineral present. Activity is a measure
of the water holding capacity of clayey soils. During swelling or shrinkage the change in the volume of
a clayey soil depend upon the Activity.
Thixotrophy : Thixotropy is the property of certain clays by virtue of which they regain, if left alone for
a time, a part of the strength lost due to remoulding at unaltered moisture content.
The increase in strength with passage of time is attributed to the tendency of cohesive soils to regain
their chemical equilibrium with the reorientation of water molecules in the absorbed water layer
Sensitivity : It is defined as the ratio of unconfined Compressive strength of a undisturbed sample of
the soil to the unconfined Compressive strength of a Sample of the same soil after remoulding at
unaltered water content.
(qu ) undisturbed sample

St =
(qu ) remoulded sample
Sensitivity is a measure of the loss in strength of soils as a result of remoulding and is, thus, indicative
of the effect of remoulding on the consistency of a cohesive soil.
6. (b) A rectangular strip 50 × 15 mm deep of brass is placed on top of another strip 50

mm × 15 mm deep of steel to form a beam of 50 × 30 mm deep cross-section. The
beam is supported across a span of 100 cm. Determine the magnitude of a point
load that may be placed at its midspan if
(a) the strips separate and bend independently.

(b) the strips are bonded together and bend as a single unit.
Esteel = 2 × 105 MPa, Ebrass = 0.9 × 105 MPa, Permissible stresses are steel = 150
MPa and brass = 100 MPa.
100 cm
[20 Marks]
Sol. (a)
Brass 15 mm
Steel 15 mm
50 mm
bd2 50  152
Zbrass = Zsteel = = = 1875 mm3
6 6
PL P  1000
Mmax = = = 250 P N-mm
4 4
Mmax 250 P P
max = = N/mm2 = N/mm2
Z 1875 7.5
For Brass For Steel
P P
100 MPa 150
7.5  7.5 
P = 750 N P = 1125 N
Hence, safe point load = 750 N. Ans.
(b) Brass
Steel
50 mm
xc 15 mm
N A 15 mm
xt
m × 50 = (20/9) × 50 = 111.11 mm
Esteel 2  105 20
m =  =
Ebrass 0.9  105 9
20
Aeq = 50 × 15 + × 50 × 15
9
= 2416.67 mm2
50  15  7.5  111.11 15  22.5
Position of NA from top =
50  15  111.11 15
= 17.845 mm
XC = 17.845 mm
Xt = 30 – 17.845 = 12.155 mm
50  153
INA =  50  15  (17.845  7.5)2 +
12
111.11 153
 111.11 15  (22.5  17.845)2
12
= 94326.76875 + 67365.04167
= 161691.81 mm4
INA 161691.81
ZC = = = 9060.903 mm3
XC 17.845
INA 161691.81
Zt = = = 13302.494 mm3
Xt 12.155
For Brass For Steel

  100 MPa   150 MPa
M M
100 MPa  150 MPa
ZC  Zt
250P 250P
100 150
9060.903  13302.494 
P = 3.624 kN P = 7.981 kN
Hence, safe maximum point load = 3.624 kN.
6. (c) (i) The 20-mm diameter steel shaft is subjected to the torques shown. Determine
the angle of the twist of the end B. Take G = 78 GPa.
30 N-m 20 N-m
A
D C B 80 N-m
200 mm 600 mm 800 mm
[8 Marks]
Sol. Free Body Diagram
90 N-m 60 N-m 80 N-m

90 N-m 60 N-m 80 N-m
A D D C C B
B/A = D/A  C/D  B/C

90  0.2 60  0.6
=  +  +
9 3 4 9
78  10   (20  10 ) 78  10   (20  10 3 )4
32 32
80  0.8
9
78  10   (20  10 3 )4
32
= 0.0963 radian
= 5.518° Ans.
6. (c) (ii) A stepped shaft ACB having solid circular cross sections with two different
diameters is held against rotation at the ends as shown in figure.
If the allowable shear stress in the shaft is 43 MPa, what is the maximum
toruqe (T0)max that may be applied at section C?
20 mm 25 mm
A C B
T0
225 mm 450 mm
[12 Marks]
Sol. Stepped Shaft ACB
dB
dA
A C B
TA TB
T0
LA LB
dA = 20 mm
dB = 25 mm
LA = 225 mm
LB = 450 mm
TA TA
TA
C (T0 – TA) = TB
A
B T0
allow = 43 MPa
TA L A
AC = GJA
(T0  TA )  LB
CB =
G.JB
AC  CB = 0
TA L A (T0  TA )LB
  = 0
GJA GJB
TA  L A LB  T0LB
   = 0
G  JA JB  GJB
T0LB / JB  T0LB JA 
 TA = =   ...(1)
 L A LB 
  L A JB  LB JA 
 
 JA JB 
T0L A JB
Hence, TB = ...(2)
L A JB  LB JA
Allowable torque based upon shear stress in segment AC
16TA
AC =
d3A
1 1
TA = d3A AC = d3A allow ...(3)
16 16
Combine equation (1) and (3) and solve for T0 :
1 3  L A JB 
(T0)AC = 16 dA allow 1  L J 
 B A 
1 3  L A dB4 
= 16 A allow 1 
d  4 

 LB dA 
Substitute numerical values :
(1) (T0)AC = 150.0 N.m
Allowable torque based upon shear stress in segment CB
16TB
CB =
dB3
1 3 1
TB = dB CB = dB3 allow ...(5)
16 16
Combine equation (2) and (5) and solve for T0 :
1 3  L J 
(T0)CB = dB allow  1  B A 
16  L A JB 
1 3  L d4 
= dB allow  1  B A4  ...(6)
16  L d 
 A B 
Substitute numerical values :

(T0)CB = 240.0 N.m
Segment AC governs
(T0)max = 150 N.m
7. (a) The couple M is applied to a beam of the cross-section shown in a plane forming
an angle  with the vertical. Determine the stress at (a) point A, (b) point B, (c)
point D.
M = 100 N-m
y
B  = 30°
z C
D
A 20 mm
[20 Marks]
2
 4  2  4r 
Sol. IZ = r  r  
8 2  3 
2
   4  20 
=  204   202   
8 2  3 
= 17561.1137 mm4
 4 
Iy = r =  204 = 62831.853 mm4
8 8
4r 4  20
y A = yD =  = = –8.49 mm
3 3
yB = 20 – 8.49 = 11.51 mm
zA = 20 mm, zD = –20 mm, zB = 0
M y = 100 sin 30 = 50 N-m
Mz = 100 cos 30 = 86.60 N-m
MZ YA MY Z A 86.60  (8.49)  103 50  103  20

(a) A =  = 
IZ Iy 17561.1137 62831.853
= 57.78 N/mm2 Ans.
MZ yB MY ZB
(b) B = 
Iz Iy
86.60  103  11.51 50  103  (0)

= 
17561.1137 62831.853
= –56.76 N/mm2
MZ y D My ZD
(c) D = 
IZ Iy
86.60  103  (8.49) 50  103  ( 20)

= 
17561.1137 62831.853
= 25.95 N/mm2
7. (b) (i) A soil after being compacted was found to have maximum dry density of 1.75
g/cc. The value of optimum moisture content was 16% and percentage air
voids at maximum dry density was found to be 5%. (i) Calculate the theoretical
maximum dry density at OMC of 16%. Later, the compactive effort on the
soil was increased and the new value of optimum moisture content was found
to be 12%. (ii) Calculate the theoretical maximum dry density at OMC of
12%. Assuming percentage air voids at maximum dry density to be 5%, (iii)
Find out the value of maximum dry density observed at OMC of 12%.
[10 Marks]
Sol. (i)  d = 1.75 g/cc
na = 5%
(1  na )G w
d =
1  wG
0.95  G  1
 1.75 =
1  0.16  G
 G = 2.612
 G 
Maximum (  d )theoretical =   w
 1  wG 
2.612  1
=
1  2.612  0.16
= 1.842 g/cc
(ii) w2 = 12%
G w 2.612  1
Maximum (  d )theoretical = 
1  wG 1  0.12  2.612
= 1.989 g/cc
(iii) na = 5%
(1  0.05)  2.612  1
d =
1  0.12  2.612
 d2  1.889 g/cc
7. (b) (ii) Classify the soil according to ISC system :
• Soil A : Liquid limit, wL = 38%
Plastic limit, wP = 20%
• Soil B : Liquid limit, wL = 18%
Plastic limit, wP = 12%
• Soil C : Percentage passing 4.75 mm IS sieve = 70%
Percentage passing 0.075 mm IS sieve = 8%
Uniformity coefficient = Cu = 7
Coefficient of curvature = Cc = 3
Plasticity index, IP = 3 [10 Marks]

Sol. Soil A : wL = 38%
wP = 20%
 Plasticity Index = IP = 38 – 20 = 18%
As per ‘A’ line, IP = 0.73(wL – 20)
= 0.73(38 – 20) = 13.14% < 18%
 Soil ‘A’ is clay..
? wL = 38% lies between range 35% to 50%.
 soil ‘A’ can be classified as CI i.e., clay of intermediate compressibility..
Soil B :
Given wL = 18%, wP = 12%
 Plasticity index = IP = wL – wP = 18 – 12 = 6%
As per ‘A’ line, IP = 0.73(wL – 20)
= 0.73(18 – 20) < 0
 soil ‘B’ lies above ‘A’ line, i.e., soil ‘B’ is clay..
? 4 < IP < 7  Dual symbol must be given to the soil ‘B’.
Also, wL = 18% < 35%
 Soil ‘B’ has low compressibility..
 Best possible symbol given to soil B is CL – ML.
Soil C :
Since more than 50% of soil ‘C’ passes through 4.75 mm sieve and only 8% passes through 0.075 mm
sieve.
 Soil ‘C’ is essentially sand.
Cu > 6 and CC = 1
 Soil must be well graded sand i.e. SW..
But percentage fines (8%) is between 5% to 12%, that symbol must be adopted.
IP = 3 (given) < 4
 it satisfies the requirement of SM group.
Hence, soil is classified as SW–SM. Ans.
7. (c) Derive an expression for an equivalent torque Te that, if applied alone to a solid
bar with a circular cross section, would cause the same energy of distortion as the
combination of an applied bending moment M and torque T. [20 Marks]
Sol. For an equivalent torque,
Ter
Shear stress,  = Ip
Major principal stress, 1 = 
Minor principal stress, 2 =  Element
1 u 2
ud = (1  22  12 )
3E
–
1  u  3Te r 
2 2
1 u
 ud = (32 ) =   –
3E 3E  Ip2 
 
Bending moment & torque
My
 =
I
Tr
 = I
p
2
2
2 ,
0 0 2
2 4
Principal stress, 1,2 =    
2  2 
2 1
 2
1 =   2 ,
2 4
/2
 2
2 =   2
2 4

Let a =
2
2
b =  2
4
12 = (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab
12 = (a + b)(a – b) = a2 – b2
22 = (a – b)2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab
12  22  12 = 2(a2 + b2) – a2 + b2
= a2 + 3b2
1 µ 2
ud = ( 1   22  1 2 )
3E
1 µ 2 2
1  µ  32 2 2 
= (3b  a ) = 3E  4  3   
3E  4 
1 µ 2
= (  32 )
3E
For a circular shaft
Md 32M
 = =
2

 d4
d3
64
Td 16T
 =  4 = d3
2 d
32
2 2
1  µ   32M   16T  
ud =  3   3 3  
3E   d   d  
1 µ
= [1024M2  768T 2 ]
3E( d3 )2
From the condition
 3Te2 d2  1 µ
1 µ  2
 = (1024M2  768T 2 )

3E  4    d4 
 3E( d3 )2

  32  
3Te2  1024 1
 2 6 = 2 6
[1024M2  768T 2 ]
4 d  d
1
 Te2 = [1028M2  768T 2 ]
768
4 2
Te = M  T2 Ans.
3
8. (a) (i) What are Geosynthetics? What are different types of Geosynthetics? Explain
them briefly. [8 Marks]
Sol. Geosynthetics are human-made materials made from various types of polymers used to enhance,
augment and make possible cost effective environmental, transportation and geotechnical engineering
construction projects. They are used to provide one or more of the following functions; separation,
reinforcement, filtration, drainage or liquid barrier.
Categories of geosynthetics :
1. Geotextiles : flexible, textile-like fabrics of controlled permeability used to provide filtration, separation
or reinforcement in soil, rock and waste materials.
2. Geomembranes : essentially impermeable polymeric sheets used as barriers for liquid or solid waste
containment.
3. Geogrids : stiff or flexible polymer grid-like sheets with large apertures used primarily as reinforcement
of unstable soil and waste masses.
4. Geonets : stiff polymer net-like sheets with in-plane openings used primarily as a drainage material
within landfills or in soil and rock masses.
5. Geosynthetic clay liners : prefabricated bentonite clay layers incorporated between geotextiles and/or
geomembranes and used as a barrier for liquid or solid waste containment.
6. Geopipes : perforated or solid wall polymeric pipes used for the drainage of various liquids.
7. Geocomposites : hybrid systems of any, or all, of the above geosynthetic types which can function as
specifically designed for use in soil, rock, waste and liquid related problems.
8. (a) (ii) Briefly describe various geological or geo-technical consideration for the site
selection of bridges? [6 Marks]
Sol. The role of the bridge abutments is to transfer the load of the structure vertically into the ground. Similar
to the dam, the only thing that needs extra consideration is that the loads are transferred within a
relatively smaller area to a larger depth. As a result, the bridge foundation is affected more significantly
because of heterogeneity in soil and rock. So, a very thorough subsurface geotechnical investigation is
a must at the location of all the abutments and foundations before a bridge construction can be taken
up. If the investigation is inadequate or does not go to sufficient depth, the bridge construction would
have to encounter inordinate delay because of constructability problems.
Following geological consideration shall be made before site selection :
(i) A study should be performed to get the stability of the river, location of faults, their activity and their likely
repercussions on a major structure to be put up and particulars of past earthquake in the site vicinity.
(ii) A study should be performed to get soil classification, grain size and depth at which hard strata is likely
to be met with.
(iii) Mainly augur boring test is used to collect soil samples and further to study its engineering properties.
8. (a) (iii) What is the purpose of Soil Stabilization? [6 Marks]

Sol. Soil-stabilization is practised in road construction with one or more of the following objectives :
(i) To improve the strength of sub-bases, and, in the case of low-cost roads, surface courses.
(ii) To reduce compressibility and thereby settlements.
(iii) To eliminate or improve certain undesirable properties of soils, such as excessive swelling or shrinkage,
high plasticity, difficulty in compacting etc.
(iv) To facilitate compaction and increase load-bearing property.
(v) To improve permeability characteristics.
(vi) To reduce frost susceptibility.
(vii) To make use of locally available soils and other materials which are otherwise inferior.
(viii) To bring about economy in the cost of a road.
(ix) To control dust.
8. (b) (i) The 10 mm diameter shank of the steel bolt has a bronze sleeve bonded to
it. The outer diameter of this sleeve is 20 mm. If the yield stress for the steel
is (  y )st = 640 MPa and for the bronze ( y )br = 520 MPa, determine the
magnitude of the largest elastic load P that can be applied to the assembly.
Est = 200 GPa, Ebr = 100 GPa.
P
10 mm
20 mm
[12 Marks]
Sol. P = Pb + PS
P
Pb + Ps
From compatibility condition
b =  s
Pb  L PS  L
= 
  0.012  200  109
 (0.022  0.01)2  100  109
4 4
Pb PS
 4 =
3  10 1 104  2
 Pb = 1.5 PS
Assuming yielding of the bolt
PS = ( y )st  A st
6 
= 640  10   0.012
4
= 50.265 kN
Pb = 1.5 PS
= 1.5 × 50.265 = 75.40 kN
P = PS + Pb = 50.265 + 75.40 = 125.665 kN
Assuming yielding of the sleeve
Pb = (y )br  Abr
6 
= 520  10   (0.022  0.012 )
4
= 122.522 kN
Pb
PS = = 81.681 kN
1.5
P = PS + Pb = 122.522 + 81.681
= 204.203 kN
By comparing both the values of P
Optimum value of P = 125.665 kN Ans.
8. (b) (ii) Members ABC and DEF are joined with steel links (E = 200 GPa). Each of
the links is made of a pair of 25 × 35 mm plates. Determine the change in
length of (a) member BE (b) member CF.
C F
180 mm
B E
260 mm
A D
18 kN 18 kN
240 mm
[8 Marks]
Sol.
FCF C
C FCF
FBE
B FBE
B
A
18 kN
MB = 0
FCF × 0.180 = 18 × 103 × 0.260
FCF = 26 × 103 N
= 26 kN (tensile)
MC = 0
FBE × 0.180 + 18 × 0.440 × 103 = 0
FBE = –44 × 103 N
= –44 kN = 44 kN (compressive)
Area of link = 2 × 0.025 × 0.035
= 1.75 × 10–3 m2
FBELBE 44  103  0.240

(a) BE = =
AE 200  109  1.75  10 3
= –30.171 × 10–6 m
= –0.0302 mm = 0.0302 mm (shortening)
FCFLCF 26  103  0.240

(b) CF = =
AE 200  109  1.75  10 3
= 17.83 × 10–6 m
= 0.01783 mm (elongation)
8. (c) (i) The T-beam is constructed as shown. If the nails can easily support a shear
force of 2 kN, determine the maximum shear force V that the beam can
support and the corresponding maximum nail spacing S to the nearest 5 mm.
The allowable shear stress for the wood is allow = 3 MPa.
400 mm
50 mm
400 mm
50 mm
[12 Marks]
Sol. Location of NA from bottom
400  50  425  400  50  200
=
400  50  2
= 312.5 mm
312.5
Ay = (312.5  50)  = 2441406.25 mm3
2
400 503
INA = 400 50 (400 312.5 25)2
12
50  4003
+  50  400  (312.5  200)2
12
= 777083333.33 mm4
VAY
max =
Ib
maxIb
V =
AY
3  777083333.33  50
Vmax =
2441406.25
= 47744 N
= 47.744 kN
VAY 47744  2441406.25

Shear flow = =
I 777083333.33
= 150 N/mm
2000 N
Spacing =
150 N/mm
= 13.33 mm
Provide Spacing = 10 mm
8. (c) (ii) Determine the location of the shear center for the angle having equal legs.
Also find the internal shear force resultant in each leg.
45°
45°
[8 Marks]
Sol. Location of NA from bottom
45°
45°
Shear Flow Distribution
V
F
O = O
The force F in each leg must be equal, since for equilibrium the sum of their horizontal components must
be equal to zero. The lines of action of both forces intersect point O; therefore, this point O must be
the shear centre since the sum of the moments of these forces and V about O is zero.
Hence, shear centre is at O.
t
S
b
dS
45°
 = AY
1  S
=  (b  S)  2  tS
2 
1  S
=  b  2  tS
2 
2
I = y dA
b 2
 1 
= 2  (b  S) tdS
0 2 
b
 3 
= t  b2S  bS2  S 
 3 
 0
 3
b 
= t  b3  b3  
 3 
tb3
=
3
V V  1  S 
Shear flow = = 3   b  2  tS 
I b t 2  
3
3V  S
= Sb  
3
2b  2
b b
3V  S
F =  qdS = 3  S  b  2  dS
0 2b 0
b
3V  bS2 1 S3 
=    
2 b3  2 2 3  0
3V  b3 b3 
=   
2 b3  2 6 
V
= Ans.
2
Alternatively :
F cos 45°
F sin 45°
F
45°
F cos 45°
F sin 45°
fy = V
2F sin 45 = V
V V
F = =
2sin 45 2

IES MASTER Civil Engineering Conventional Test Paper

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

IES MASTER Civil Engineering Conventional Test Paper

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

IES MASTER

Institute for Engineers (IES/GATE/PSUs)

Sl. No. 01 ABCDEF(M)

Time Allowed : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 300

 Water content = 0.1418

Bulk Unit Weight (  b )

1. (b) (i) Determine contribution of middle half of the cross-section of a rectangular

(ii) A cantilever beam AB of length L is being designed to support a concentrated

1. (c) An undisturbed sample of clay 24 mm thick, consolidated 50% in 20 minutes,

From question, average normal stress in AB  300 × 103 Pa

  300 × 10 × 103 × 10–6

From question, average normal stress in CD  300 × 103 Pa

300  103  106  15

Elastic limit in tension (f y) = 210 MPa

(Macroscopic View of a Point)

So, (1  1.5 )  f y

Among ( x ,  y , z ),  x will be maximum because 1 is maximum

1.5  (0.5)  1.5  0.3  0.15  1.35

1.35 210 210

12  22  2(12  2 3  3 1 )

 According to this theory,,

 (1.5)2  ()2  (0.5)2  2  0.3(1.5      0.5  1.5  0.5)  2102

or  d = 1.77 × 103 Kg/m3

Let V = 1m3 (as given in question)

here Ww = Weight of water

80x 240  80x

For beam to be horizontal

240  80x 80x

A = 0.35 × 7.895 × 10–4

Hence, New diameter of A = 30 + 8.29 × 10–3

r32 = (752  502 )

 T = 23.1 kN-m Ans.

(752  502 ) = (1002  r42 )

FAH + FBG = 200 ...(i)

0.429  103  5000

0.143  103  1800

FCF  LCF 50  3000  1000

FDE  LDE 100  3000  1000

H = 0.68 + tan(0.013°) × 2000

2.5 cm 2.46 cm 2.465 cm

Sol. Given : e1 = 1.068

 = 429 – 214 = 215 kN/m2

We know that H = mV Ho

3 = +80 µ [12 Marks]

A = 1500 mm2 A = 1800 mm2

E = 105 GPa E = 73 GPa

 = 21.6 × 10–6/°C  = 23.2 × 10–6/°C [12 Marks]

= 0.35 × 21.6 × 10–6 × 96 + 0.45 × 23.2 × 10–6 × 96

 P × 5.6469 × 10–9 = 1.228 × 10–3

217.465  103  0.35

bh3 0.2  0.33

xy = –128.57 kN/m2

1 = 2292.91 kN/m2 Ans.

2 = –7.21 kN/m2 Ans.

Primary settlement of clay layer

0.28  350  200 

t100 = Time required for completion of primary consolidation

0.02 337.92 6.5

Hence, total settlement = H  Hs

Soil Volume in Water – Soil Volume in Kerosene

Degree of expansiveness DfS, percent

5. (b) Define the following