Ies Master: Civil Engineering

IES MASTER
Institute for Engineers (IES/GATE/PSUs)

Sl. No. 1 ABCDEF(M)
Civil Engineering
Conventional Class Test -1
28th Feb 2018
Time Allowed : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 300
SECTION-A
1. (a) The atterberg limits of a clay are : LL = 60%, PL = 45% and SL = 25%. The specific gravity
of soil solids is 2.70 and the natural moisture content is 50%
(i) What is its state of consistency in nature?

(ii) Calculate the volume to be expected in the sample when moisture content is reduced
by evaporation to 20%. Its volume at liquid limit is 10 cm3. [10 Marks]
Sol.1. (a)
wl = 60%, wp = 45%, ws = 25%
w = 50% and G = 2.70
wl  w
(i) Consistency index, Ic =  100 and I = w -- w
Ip p l p
60  50
 Ic =  100  66.67%
60  45
 It is a medium (firm) clay
(2) Conventional Class Test-1 (CPM + Soil) 28th Feb 2018

10
vp
Volume (cm )
3
(ii) vs
ws = 25% wp = 45% wl = 60%

 (%) 
R
Let Ms be mass of the solids in the sample.
 Mass of the water at LL = 0.6 Ms gm
E
 Volume of water at LL = 0.6 Ms ml
 Volume of solids at LL = 10 – 0 0.6 Ms

Ms
10 – 0.6 Ms= G
w
T
S
Ms
 10 – 0.6 Ms =  Ms  10.305 g
2.70
A
10.305
 Volume of solids =  3.817 ml
2.70
Volume calculation at SL (i.e. at ws = 25%)
M
Mass of water= 0.25 Ms = 0.25 × 10.305 = 2.57625 ml

Volume of solids in the sample = 3.817 ml
 Volume of sample = 3.817 + 2.57625 = 6.39325 ml
= 6.40 ml
S
Calculation of volume at w = 20%

As at the shrinkage limit (25%) volume = 6.40 ml
Reducing w.c after SL does not change the volume of sample.
IE
 Volume of sample (at w = 20%) = 6.40 ml
1. (b) A building has to be supported on a RC raft foundation of dimensions 14 m × 21 m. The

subsoil is clay, which has an average unconfined compressive strength of 15 kN/m2. The
pressure on the soil due to the weight of the building and the loads that it will carry will be
140 kN/m2 at the base of the raft. The building has provision for basement floors. At what
depth should the bottom of the raft be placed to provide a factor of safety of 3 against shear
failure?
gclay = 19 kN/m3. Use Skempton’s approach for bearing capacity calculations.

[13 Marks]
Regd. office : F-126, (Upper Basement), Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi-110016 Phone : 011-41013406
Mob. : 8010009955, 9711853908 E-mail: ies_master@yahoo.co.in, info@iesmaster.org

Conventional Class Test-1 (CPM + Soil) 28th Feb 2018 (3)
1. (b) Data Given:

Average unconfined strength, qu = 15 kN/m2
Basement
Df
 qu  15
 c =    7.5 kN/m2
2
  2
R
Safe bearing pressure on the soil = 140 kN/m2
FOS against shear Failure = 3
E
Let the depth of raft foundation be Df
We have for clay,  = 0 and for such a condition, net ultimate bearing capacity as per skempton
qnu = cNc
As per skempton the value of Nc is given by
 0.2Df   T B  0.2 D f  
... (i)
14 
S
Nc = 5.0 1  B  1  0.2 L  = 5.0 1  14  1  0.2 21
     
= 5.67 (1 + 0.0143 Df ) ... (ii)
A
The building has a provision for basement, therefore
P  qnu 
 =  FOS  Df  ... (iii)
B2
M
 
Thus,
qnu
  Df = 140
FOS
cNc
  Df = 140
FOS
S
7.5
 [5.67 (1 + 0.0143 Df )] + 19 Df = 140
3
IE
 D f = 6.55 m ... (iv)

Thus the bottom of the raft should be placed at a depth of 6.55 from the ground surface.
1. (c) (A) In an experiment set up as shown in fig., flow is taking place under a constant head
through the soils 1 and 2, of different hydraulic properties.

(4) Convent ional Class Test-1 (CPM + Soil) 28 th Feb 2018
Over flow
0.40 m
Datum
0.25 m Overflow
B Soil 2
0.30 m
A Soil 1
R
(i) Determine the total head and piezometric head at the point A.
(ii) If 40% of the excess hydrostatic pressure is lost in flowing through soil 1, then what
is the total head and piezometric head at point B?
E
(iii) if the permeability of soil 1 is 0.40 mm/s, what quantity of water is flowing through
unit plan area of the soil per second ?
(iv) T
What is the coefficient of permeability of soil 2 ?
1. (c) (A) (a) Available total head = 0.4 m
S
This head is dissipated in flowing through the soil sample 1 and 2.
piezometric head at A = 0.3 + 0.25 + 0.4
A
= 0.95 m
datum head = –0.25 – 0.30
M
= –0.45 m
 total head = 0.95 – 0.45
= 0.40 m
(b) hydrostatic pressure lost in flowing through
A = 0.4 × 0.4 = 0.16 m
S
 total head at B = 0.4 – 0.16 = 0.24 m

datum head at B = –0.25 m
IE
piezometric head at B = 0.24 – (–0.25)

= 0.49 m
(c) K1 = 0.4 mm/s
Q = KiA
head lost in flowing through soil 1 0.16
where i = length of soil 1
=
0.3
3 0.16
 Q = 0.4  10   1 = 2.13  104 m3 / sec
0.3
(d) Quantity of water flowing in soil 2 will be same as that in soil 1.
Let the coefficient of permeability of soil 2 is K2.

Q = K2.i2 A
HL 60%  0.4
i2 =   0.96
L 0.25
 2.13 × 10–4 = K2 × 0.96 × 1

K2 = 0.22 mm/sec
1. (c) (B) If the void ratios and specific gravities of soil 1 and 2, are as below, then
Soil 1 : e = 0.55,G = 2.65
Soil 2 : e = 0.65,G = 2.70
Determine: (i) the discharge velocity and seepage velocity through each soil, and (ii) the
R
hydraulic head at which instability occurs. [12 Marks]
E
Sol. 1.(c) (B)
Q 2.13  104
m/sec
(i) Discharge velocity =
A

1
T
 = 2.13 × 10–4 m/sec
S

Seepage velocity s =
n
A
e
n =
1 e
e1 0.55
M
n1 = 1  e  1  0.55  0.355
1
e2 0.65
n2 = 1  e  1  0.65  0.394
2
 2.13  104
 6  104 m/sec
S
Seepage velocity, s1 = 

n1 0.355
s1 = 0.6 mm/sec
IE
 2.13  104
s2 = 
n2 0.394
= 0.54 mm/sec
(ii) Hydraulic gradient in soil 2 is more than that in soil 1.
 instability will occur in soil 2 first.
Critical hydraulic gradient for soil 2
G  1 2.7  1
=   1.03
1  e 1  0.65
for instability, the hydraulic gradient in soil 2 should be 1.03

HL
i.e., = 1.03
L
HL
= 1.03
0.25
HL = 0.26
Let the hydraulic head at which instability occur is H.
 H × 60% = 0.26
H = 0.43 m
1. (d) For the given PERT network, determine
R
(i) Expected time, Standard deviation and variance of the PROJECT and show the
critical path also.
E
(ii) Probability of completion of project in 34 days.
(iii) Time duration that will provide 90% probability of its completion in time.
The three time estimates of each activity are mentioned on the network. [15 Marks]
-20
3
T3-7
S
-17
4-9
2-5-8 4-7-16 7-10-13
1 2 4 6
A
8-1
1-2 2-3-10
0
3-5-13 2-4-6
5 7 8
M
Z –0.7 –0.8 –0.5 –0.9 –1.28

P 24.20 21.19 30.85 18.41 10.00
Sol. 1(d)
Act t0 tm tp te 2

S
1–2 2 5 8 5 1 1
2–3 4 9 20 10 2.67 7.13
IE
2–4 4 7 16 8 2 4
2–5 8 11 20 12 2 4
4–5 0 0 0 0 0 0
3–6 3 7 17 8 2.33 5.43
4–6 7 10 13 10 1 1
5–7 3 5 13 6 1.67 2.78
6–7 2 3 10 4 1.33 1.77
7–8 2 4 6 4 0.67 0.45

3
te =
8
B 0
=1 S=0
te 13 13
1 2 4 6
te = 5 te = 8 te= 10
te = 0 te = 4
te = 12
5 7 8
R
te = 6 te = 4
E
Project completion time = 31 days.
Critical paths are

(a) 1–2–3–6–7–8
T
S
(b) 1–2–4–6–7–8
As there are two critical paths, hence to determine most critical path we have to find out variance.
A
For path (a)  = 1  7.13  5.43  1.77  0.45  3.97
For path (b)  = 1  4  1  1.77  0.45  2.87

M
Hence most critical path is (a) i.e. 1–2–3–6–7–8

Probability corresponding 34 days
TS  TE 34  31
Z =   0.756
 3.97
S
78.81  75.80
p = 75.80   0.056  77.486%
0.1
IE
Ts for p = 90%
 Z = 1.28 for p = 90%
TS  31
1.28 =
3.97
TS  36.082 days

1 (e) The delivery price of an equipment is Rs. 1.10 lakh and its installation charge is Rs. 10000,
Life of the equipment is 6 years, the rate of interest (i) for sinking fund is 8%. Calculate the
depreciation for the 4th year and book value at the end of 4th year by the following methods.
(a) Sink fund method
(b) Sum of digits of years method [10 Marks]
Sol. 1. (e) Ci  1,10,000 , Cs  10,000 n = 6 yr, i = 8%

Sinking fund method.
 Ci  Cs  i
D =  n  n
  (1  i)  1
R
D =  110000  10000   0.08
 6  (1.08)6  1
E
D = 2271.92
Depreciation at the 4th year.
Sum of digits of year method

T
D4 = 2271.92(1.08)4 1 = 2861.96  2862
S
 
 n  m  1
Dm =   (Ci  Cs )
 n(n  1) 
A
 2 
 
 6  4  1
M
D4 = 1,00,000    = 14285.71  14286

 6 7 
 2 
2. (a) A building was to be constructed on a clay stratum. Preliminary analysis indicated a settlement
of 50 mm in 6 years and an ultimate settlement of 250 mm. The average increase of pressure
S
in the clay stratum was 24 kN/m2.

IE
The following variations occurred from the assumption used in the preliminary analysis:
(i) The loading period was 3 years, which was not considered in the preliminary analysis.
(ii) Borings indicated 20% more thickness for the clay stratum than originally assumed.
(iii) During construction the water table got lowered permanently by 1 meter.
Estimate :
(1) The ultimate settlement
(2) The settlement at the end of the loading period
(3) The settlement 2 years after completion of building
[13 Marks]

Sol. 2 (a) (1) Since water table got lowered by 1m, there will be increase in effective stress.
increase in effective stress =    1
= 9.81 KN/m2
Actual increase of pressure in the clay stratum
= 24 + 9.81
= 33.81 KN/m2
initial thickness = H1
actual thickness = 1.2 H1
We know, H = m p  H
R
H1 m  24  H1
 H2
= m  33.81 1.2H1
250 24
E
H2
=
33.81 1.2
H2 = 422.62 mm
(2)  loading period = 3 years
T
 Settlement at the end of loading period will be due to settlement caused after half of loading period
S
i.e., 1.5 years.
ultimate settlement = 250 mm
A
50
degree of settlement in 6 years (U1) =  0.2
250
M
t1 = 6 years
t2 = 1.5 years
U2 = ?
U12 t1  0.22 6
 U2 = =
S
2
t2 U22 1.5
U2 = 0.1
 Settlement at the end of loading period
IE
= 0.1 × 422.6 = 42.26 mm

(3) t3 = 1.5 + 2 = 3.5 years
U23 t3
= t
U22 2
U23 3.5
2 =
 0.1 1.5
U3 = 0.153
 Settlement 2 years after completion of building = 0.153 × 422.62 = 64.56 mm

2. (b) A 20 m high earthen bund has the following dimensions:

Free board = 2 m; Top width = 3 m
1
U/S slope = 2 :1; D/S slope = 2 :1. Both (H : V)
2
A horizontal filter extends to a distance of 15 m from the d/s toe. The material of the bunds
has a vertical permability of
–4
1 × 10 cm/sec, and a horizontal permeability of 9 times that of vertical permeability.
Determine the seepage loss per m length of the bund. [12 Marks]
Sol. 2 (b)
R
3m
2m L D'
E
0.3L
1 1
H=18m
5
2
T 2
S
O P D
d 15m
A
K y = 1 × 10–4 cm/sec
M
K x = 9 × 10–4 cm/sec
5
From the figure, L = 18   45 m
2
H = 20 – 2 = 18 m
S
5
d = 0.3  45  2   3  20  2  15
2
IE
d = 46.5 m
Ky 1 104
d = d  46.5
Kx 9  104
d = 15.5 m
From the property of parabola, we have
d  S = d2  H2
15.5  S = 15.52  182

S = 8.25 m
 Now Keq = K xK y  9  104  1 104
Keq = 3 × 10–4 cm/sec

 Seepage discharge per unit length of dam
q = K eq  S
= 3 × 10–4 × 10–2 × 8.25
= 2.476 × 10–5 m3/sec/m
2. (c) An alternative, A requires an initial investment of Rs. 500,000 and an annual expense of Rs.
R
250,000 for the next 10 years. Alternative B, on the other hand, requires an initial investment
of Rs. 750,000 and an annual expense of Rs. 200,000 for the next 10 years. Which
E
alternative would you prefer if interest rate were 10 per cent? [15 Marks]
Sol. 2. (c) The cash-flow diagram corresponding to alternative A is given below
0 1 2 3 T 4 5 10
+ve
incoming
–ve
S
outgoing
2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50

A
5.00
Present cost of alternative A = 500000 + 250000 (P/A, 10%, 10)
M
= 500000 + 250000 (6.1446)

= Rs. 2036150.00
The cash-flow diagram corresponding to alternative B is given below
+ve
year
S
incoming
0 1 2 3 4 5 10 –ve
outgoing
IE
2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
7.50 Cash Flow diagram for Alternative B
Present cost of alternative B = 750000 + 200000 (P/A, 10%, 10)

= 750000 + 200000(6.1446)
= Rs. 1978920.00
It can be noticed from the two cash-flow diagrams that the cost data alone are provided. Thus,
alternative with the lowest cost at present time would be the most preferable. In this case, since
the present cost for alternative B is less than that of alternative A, it is preferable to choose

alternative B.
2. (d) The two machines A and B have the following costs with the money worth as 8% per year;
A B
First cost Rs 10,000 Rs 25,000
Salvage value Rs 1,100 Rs 1,500
Uniform expenditure at end of year Rs 3,000 Rs 2,000
Irregular expenses at end of 1st year Rs 1,000 –
Irregular expenses at end of 3rd year – Rs 2,500
R
Benefit from quality control – Rs 600
(at end of year)
E
Life 2 years 5 years
(i) Present worth

T
Compare the machines for suitablity of selection on the following bases;
S
(ii) Equivalent Annual cost worth
(iii) Capitalized cost worth [20 Marks]
A
Sol. 2.(d) The fig shows the cash flow diagram for life of 2 years.
M
1100
m/c (A)
0 1 2
10,000 3000 3000

S
1000
PA(2) = Present worth of m/c (A) at 0 time of its life period (2 years)
IE
P  P  P 
= 10000  3000  ,8%,2   1100  ,8%,2   1,000  ,8%,1 
A  F  F 
2
 1.08   1   1   1 
= 10000  3000  2
  1100  2
 1000 
1.08 
= Rs 15,333
  0.08 1.08    1.08  
PB(5) = Present worth of m/c (B) at 0 time of its own life period ( 5 years)
600
600 600 600 600
1500
0 1 2 3 4 5
25000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
2500

P  P  P 
= 25000   2000  600   ,8%,5  2500  ,8%,3   1500  ,8%,5
A  F  F 
 1  0.08 5  1   1   1 
= 25000  1400  5
  2500  3
 1500  5  = Rs 31,553
  0.08 1  0.08    1  0.08    1.08  
Since the lives of machines are different. The common life period will be L.C.M. of their lives
i.e. L.C.M. of 2 and 5 i.e. 10 years.
0 2 4 6 8 10
15333 15333 15333 15333 15333
 PA(10) = overall present worth of machine A on the basis of 10 yrs period
R
P  P  P  P 
= 15333  15333  ,8%,2   15333  ,8%,4  15333  ,8%,6   15333  ,8%,8 
F  F  F  F 
E
 1 1 1 1 
= 15333  15333  2
 4
 6
  = Rs 57,695
 1.08  1.08  1.08  1.08 8 
0
T
PB(10) = Overall present worth of machine is for common life period of 10 yrs.
5 10
S
31553 31553
A
P 
= 31553  31553  ,8%,5 
F 
 1 
M
= 31553  31553  = 53,027

5
 1.08  
Since P B(10) < P A(10)
 Machine B is selected
(ii) Equivalent Annual worth method
S
A(A) = Equivalent Annual worth of machine A

A   0.08 1  0.08 2 
= PA  2   ,i,n  = 15333   = Rs 8598
P   1  0.08 2  1 
IE
Similarly,
A(B) = Equivalent annual worth of machine (B)
A    0.08 1  0.08 5 

= PB 5   ,8%,5  = 31553   = Rs 7903
P   1  0.08 5  1 
Since A(B) < A(A)
 Machine B is selected
(iii) Capitalized Cost Method
C(A) = Capitalized worth of machine A
Equivalent annual worth of machine A 8598
= = = 107,475
i 0.08

7903
CB = = 98787
0.08
Since CB < CA
 Machine B is selected.
3. (a) A series of tests on a sample of silty clay indicated the following index properties :
L.L. = 53.9%
P.L. = 23.4%
Natural w.c. = 51.2%
R
D60 = 0.0050 mm
D10 = 0.0007 mm
E
Unconfined compressive strength (undisturbed) = 180 kN / m2 .
Unconfined compressive strength (remoulded) = 85 kN / m 2

T
Compute (i) the uniformity coefficient, (ii) the plasticity index (iii) the liquidity index, and (iv)
the sensitivity of this soil. (v) In what region can the soil be placed on the I.S. plasticity chart?
S
[10 Marks]
3. (a) (i)
A
D 0.0050
Cu = D  0.0007  7.14
60
M
10
(ii) Plasticity index = L.L. – P.L.

= 53.9 – 23.4
= 30.5%
S
  p
(iii) Liquidity index = I L =
IP
IE
= 0.9114
unconfined compressive strength (undisturbed)

(iv) Sensitivity =
unconfined compressive strength (disturbed)
180
=  2.12
85
(v) IP = 0.73 L  20

= 0.73 (53.9 – 20)
= 24.747
 Soil lies in high compressive zone and lies above A-line. hence called CH.

3. (b) In order to determine the average permeability of a bed of sand 14 metres thick, overlying
on impermeable stratum, a well was shunk through the sand and a pumping test was carried
out. After a certain interval the discharge was 12.4 litres per second and drawdowns in the
observations wells at 16 m and 33 metres, from the pumping well were found to be 1.787
m and 1.495 m respectively. If G.W.L was originally 2.14 below ground level, find
(i) the permeability of the sand layer

(ii) approximate value of the effective grain size. [10 Marks]
r2
Qloge
r1
R
3. (b) (i) K 
2 2
(h2  h1 )
E
r1 = 16 m, r2 = 33 m,
h1 = 14 – (2.14 + 1.787) = 10.073 m
h2 = 14 – (2.14 + 1.495) = 10.365 m
T
S
12.4 33
loge
1000 16
 K 2 2
 0.479 mm/sec
(10.365  10.073 )
A
(ii)  K  100D10 2
M
0.479
D 10 2 
100
D10 = 0.0692 mm
S
3. (c) A layer of clay 2 m thick is subjected to a loading of 0.5 kg / cm 2 . One year after loading,
IE
the average consolidation is 50%. The layer has double drainage. (i) What is the coefficient
of consolidation ? (ii) If the coefficient of permeability is
3 mm/year, what is the settlement after one year, and (iii) how much time will the layer take
to reach 90% consolidation. [10 Marks]
3. (c) thickness of clay layer = 2 m
2
Max. length of drainage path, H = 1m
2
U = 50%

T =  0.52  0.196
4

 = 0.5 kg/cm2
= 0.5 × 104 Kg/m2
C t
(i) T =
H2
t = 1 yr.
C  1
0.196 =
1
C = 0.196 m2/yr
(ii)  K = C  m  
R
m
3  103 = 0.196 m2 / yr  m  1000 kg/m3
E
yr
m = 1.53 × 10–5 m2/kg
 H = m    H0
T
= 1.53 × 10–5 × 0.5 × 104 × 2
S
= 0.153 m
= 153 mm
A
(iii) U = 90%
 T = 1.781 – 0.933 log (100 – 90)

M
= 0.848
T1 = 0.196
t1 = 1 yr, t2 = ?
S
T1 t1
T2 = t
2
IE
0.196 1
= t
0.848 2
t2 = 4.33 yr.
3. (d) What is the present equivalent value of Rs. 50000, five years from now at 14% per annum
compounded semi-annually? [10 Marks]
Sol. 3 (d)
 Nominal intrest rat is 14% per annum
 If compunded half yearly nominal intrest rate is 7%

P 1
=
F (1  i)n
50000
P =
(1  0.07)10
P = Rs. 25417
3. (e) Determine the gradability of a crawler tractor pulling a high pressure rubber tyred self loading
scraper and its load. The following information is available:
Tractor HP = 200
Weight of tractor = 18.5 t
R
Weight of loaded scraper = 31.5 t
Rated drawbar pull of tractor = 14.8 t
E
Rolling resistance for the tractor = 90 kg/t
Rolling resistance for the scraper = 105 kg/t
T
Take pull required per tonne for the unit per 1% slope = 10 kg
Assume available drawbar pull as 0.85 times the rated drawbar pull of tractor.
S
[20 Marks]
Sol. 3 (e) Applying suitable factor of safety on rated drawbar pull.

A
Available drawbar pull = 0.85 × 14.8 × 1000 = 12580 kg
Since the design of crawler tractor as per manufacturer’s specifications is based on the rolling
M
resistance of 55 kg/t,
 Rolling Resistance to be overcome by the tractor = 18.5 × (90 – 55) = 647.5 kg

Rolling Resistance to be overcome by the scraper = 31.5 × 105 = 3307.5 kg
 Combined Rolling Resistance to be overcome by the unit
S
= 647.5 + 3307.5 = 3955 kg

IE
 Net pull available to negotiate the grade = (12,580 – 3955) kg = 8625 kg

Combined weight of the unit = 18.5 + 31.5 = 50.0 t
The pull required per tonne for the unit per 1% slope = 10 kg
 The pull required for 50 tonne of the unit per 1% slope = 10 × 50 = 500 kg
500 kg pull is required for 1% slope
8625
 8625 kg pull is required for 500 = 17.25% Ans.

4. (a) A retaining wall 6 m high retains sand with   30 deg and unit weight 24 kN / m3 upto
a depth of 3m from top. From 3 m to 6m, the material is a cohesive soil with
c  20 kN / m2 and   20 deg. Unit weight of cohesive soil is 18 kN / m3 . A uniform
surcharge of 100 kN / m2 acts on the top of soil. Determine the total lateral pressure
acting on the wall and its point of application.
[15 Marks]
Sol 4.(a)
2
100 kN/m
R
Z 3
3m  = 30, t = 24 kN/m
E
2
3m C = 20 kN/m ,  = 20
3
t = 18 kN/m
1  sin 
T
1  sin 30 1
S
For Sand : Ka= = 
1  sin  1  sin 30 3
pa = ka ( z  q)  2C k a
A
1
at Z = 0, pa  (0  100)  2  0 1/ 3
M
3
= 33.33 kN/m2
1
at Z = 3, pa  [24  3  100]  2  0 1/ 3
3
S
= 57.33 kN/m2
for clay :
IE
1  sin20
ka =  0.49
1  sin20
equivalent surcharge q = 100 + 24 × 3
= 172 kN/m2
 at Z = 3, pa  k a  q  2C k a
= 0.49 × 172 – 2 × 20 0.49

= 56.28 kN/m2
at Z = 6, pa  k a (172  18  3)  2  C k a
= 0.49 × 226 – 2 × 20 0.49

= 82.74 kN/m2
2
33.33 KN/m
3m P1
P2
2
24 57.33 kN/m
2
56.28 kN/m
P3
3m
P4
R
2
26.46 kN/m
2
82.74 kN/m
E
Total lateral pressure = P1 + P2 + P3 + P4
1 1
= 33.33  3 
2
T
 24  3  56.28  3   26.46  3
= 100 + 36 + 168.84 + 39.69

2
S
P = 344.52 kN/m
Point of application x from bottom
A
P1x1  P2 X2  P3 X3  P4 X4
x = P1  P2  P3  P4
M
100  4.5  36  4  168.84  1.5  39.69  1

= = 2.57 m
344.52
4. (b) A 12 m long, 300 mm diameter concrete pile is driven in a uniform deposit of sand (  = 40º).
The water table is very much down and is not likely to rise in future. The average dry unit
S
weight of sand is 16 kN/m3. Using Nq = 137, calculate the safe load capacity of the pile
with a factor of safety of 2.5. Assume the critical length of pile as 15 times of the diameter.
IE
K for dense sand = 2.0. [15 Marks]

4. (b) Critical depth=15 × 0.3 = 4.5 m
V
=  Hcritical = 16 × 4.5 = 72 KN/m 2 = q
4.5 m
2
V = 72 kN/m
12 m
7.5 m

Bearing capacity of pile = qNq

qub = 72 × 137
qub = 9864 kN/m 2
For concrete pile
3
Skin friction capacity = K tan av A s  =  ' = 30°
4
Qsu = K tan  av A s As = Surface area of pile
= K tan 
av  A s1  K tan    v  Ss2
2
R
72
= 2 tan 30° × ×   × 0.3 × 4.5 + 2 × tan 30°
2
E
× 72 ×  × 0.3 × 7.5
= 763.972 kN
Qu = Q bu + Q su
=
=
T
Q ub × Ab + Q su
(9864 × 0.7854 × 0.32 + 763.972) kN
S
Qu = 1461.21 kN
Qu
Q safe =
A
F.O.S.
1461.21
Q safe = = 584.49 kN
2.5
M
Q safe = 584.49 kN
4. (c) Construct a bar chart for a project with the activity data as noted below. Also compute the
total duration of the project.
S
Activities Duration (days) Preceded by

IE
A 4 None
B 3 A
C 5 B
D 4 None
E 7 B, D
F 6 D
G 8 E
H 5 F
I 4 H
J 3 G, I [15 Marks]

Sol. 4(c)
Activity
J
I
R
D
E
B
4 7 10 12 14 15T 19 22 25
S
Time
Total duration project is 25 days
A
4. (d) What is Break even Analysis? Write functions and limitations of break even analysis
[15 Marks]
M
Sol. 4.(d) Break even Analysis
 Break even Analysis is a graphical representation of the relationship between cost and revenue for
all possible volume of output.
S
 Break even analysis is basically done to find out the point at which total revenue equals total cost
& profit potential under varying conditions of out put and cost.
IE
 Break Even point is therefore at which neither a profit nor a loss is incurred.
 Sometimes it is also called as Cost–Volume–profit studies.

ses
e
nu
pen
ve
st /Ex
Re
Co
Angle of it
of Variable cost
incidence Pr

Cost/Revenue
Profit Margin
R
ss
Lo
E
Fixed cost
Functions
1.
No. of Output Units
Suitable for business firm to study cost revenue relationship.

T
S
2. Useful in making engineering decisions.
3. Useful in selection of favourable option of business.
A
4. Possibility of profit is determined for any rate of production.

5. It shows weather business is good or bad by angle of incidence. Greater the angle of incidence
M
means more profit margin and, we know that profit margin should be more for good business.
Limitations
1. Break even analysis is a nice tool for small business.
2. It provides a static picture where as business processes are dynamic in nature because the
S
market conditions do not remains constant.

3. Revenue line may not be always a straight line.
IE
4. Analysis of break even becomes difficult when company produces different/variety of products.
5. Cost and revenue are related only with number of units produced. They have no relation with
the time.

SECTION-B
5. (a) In a proctor’s compaction test the maximum dry density was found to be 1.8 gm/c/c and
O.M.C 15.2%. If the specific gravity of the soil grains is 2.65, calculate degree of saturation
and void ratio. [8 Marks]
Sol 5. (a) Vdmax = 1.8 gm/cc
O.M.C. w = 0.152
G = 2.65
G w
 d  1 e
R
2.65  1
1.8 
E
1 e
e = 0.47
 es = wG
0.47 × s = 0.152 × 2.65
s = 0.857 = 85.7%
T
S
5. (b) A foundation trench is to be excavated in a stratum of stiff clay, 8 m thick, underlain by a
A
bed of sand. In a trial bore hole, the ground water is observed to rise to an elevation 2m
below the ground surface. (a) Find the depth to which excavation can be safely carried out
without the danger of the bottom becoming unstable under uplift pressure of ground water.
M
The specific gravity of clay particles is 2.72, and void ratio of 0.72 (b) If excavation is to
be carried safely to a depth 6m, how much should the water-table be lowered in the
vicinity of the trench? [12 Marks]
Sol 5.(b) Let us assume that x m depth of excavation can be safely done. Then,
S
2m
IE
8m
G = 2.75 6m
e = 0.72
For stability, total downward weight = total upward pore water pressure
Ge 2.72  0.72
 sat clay =     = 2
1 e 1  0.72
upward pore water pressure = 6    6 
total downward weight =  8  x  2 

  8  x  2  = 6 
x = 5m
(b) If excavation is carried out upto 6m depth. Hence upward pressure has to be reduced
2 sat =  6  y  
2  2 =  6  y  
y = 2m
W.T. will be lowered by 2m.
5. (c) Discuss the I.S. classification based on grain size and classify the following soils :
S.N. % Passing Atterberg Limit
R
4.75 mm 0.075 mm 0.002 mm LLIMIT PLIMIT
1. 95 93 12 20 10
2. 98 8 — Non Plastic
E
Uniformly
Graded
3.
4.
93.2
96
72
94
—
24
T
Non-Plastic
40 18
S
[10 Marks]
Sol 5.(c)
A
To classify the given soils

Soil at S.No. 1
M
%Passing Atterberg Limit

4.75 mm 0.075 mm 0.002 mm Liquid Limit Plastic Limit Plastic Index IP
95 93 12 20 10 20 – 10 = 10
Since > 50% passes through 0.075 mm sieve hence the given soil is fine grained soil
Liquid limit WL = 20 and IP = 10
S
Plotting the point on the plasticity chart.

The point comes above the A line represented by IP = 0.73 (W L – 20) and since the W L < 35.
IE
Hence the given soil is clay of low plasticity i.e. CL.

Soil at S.No. 2
%Passing
4.75 mm 0.075 mm 0.002 mm WL WP IP
98 8 – Non Plastic Uniform Graded –
The given soil is a coarse grained soil with greater percentage of coarse fraction passes through
4.75 mm sieve but retained on 75 µ sieve with only 8% passing through 75 µ sieve (i.e. between 5%
and 12%).
Hence the given soil shall be given dual symbol representing that its a poor graded silty sand i.e.
SP–SM

Soil at S.No. 3
%Passing
4.75 mm 0.075 mm 0.002 mm WL WP IP
93.2 72 – Non Plastic – –
The given soil is a fine grained soil with greater percentage passing through 0.075 mm sieve
moreover the given soil is non plastic in nature. Hence the given soil is non plastic silt i.e. (ML
Soil at S.No. 4
%Passing
4.75 mm 0.075 mm 0.002 mm WL WP IP
96 94 24 40 18 22
R
The given soil is a fine grained soil with W L = 40 and IP = 22. Plotting the point on the plasticity
chart. The point lies above the A-line and since 35 < W L < 50. Hence the soil can be classified as
clay of intermediate plasticity i.e. CI.
E
5. (d) The following table gives the data for the duration and costs of each activity of a project
network shown in figure. The indirect cost of the project is Rs. 3000/week. Determine the
T
optimum duration of project and the corresponding minimum cost. Draw the time scaled
version of the network.
S
A
Activity Normal Normal Cost Crash Crash Cost
2
5(3) Duration Rs. Duration Rs.
6(3)
(week) (week)
M
1 2 6 7000 3 14,500
1 4(1) 4
1 3 8 4000 5 8,500
8(5) 5(3) 23 4 6000 1 9,000
24 5 8000 3 15,000
S
3 34 5 5000 3 11,000

IE
Fig. (a): Network
[15 Marks]

(26) Convent ional Class Test-1 (CPM + Soil) 28 th Feb 2018
Sol. 5(c)
6,6
2
5(3)
6(3)
15,15
0,0 1 4(1) 4
8(5) 5(3)
R
3
10,10
E
Critical path is 1 – 2 – 3 – 4
Project duration = 15 weeks
Total project cost = Direct cost + Indirect cost
Direct cost = 7000 + 4000 + 6000 + 8000 + 5000 = 30,000
Indirect cost = 3000 × 15 = 45,000
T
S
T.P.C = 30,000 + 45,000 = 75,000
Calculation of cost slopes
A
Activity ΔC(Rs.) Δt [weeks] Cost slope

[Rs. / week]
M
1 2 14,500  7,000  7,500 63  3 2,500

1 3 8,500  4,000  4,500 85 3 1,500
23 9,000  6,000  3,000 4 1 3 1,000
24 15,000  8,000  7,000 53  2 3,500
34 11,000  5,000  6,000 53  2 3,000
S
Time Scaled version of network

IE
8(3)
6(3) 4(1) 5(3)

1 2 3 4
5(3)
Ist Stage Crashing
Activity 2-63 has least cost slope among critical activites. Crash this activity by 2 weaks.
New project duration = 13 weeks.
T.P.C. 75,000 ~ 2 × 3000 + 2 × 10000 = 71,000

8(5)
6(3) 2(1) 5(3)

1 2 3 4 13 weeks
5(3)
Stage-1: Duration 13 weeks
IInd Stage Crashing
Activity 2-3 and 1-3 has least combined cost slope i.e 2500. We will crash them simultaneously by
1 week.
New project duration = 12 weeks
R
T.P.C = 71000 + 1× 3000 + 1 × 2500 = 70500
7(5)
E
6(3) 1(1) 5(3)
1 2 3 4 12 weeks
T 5(3)
S
IIIrd Stage Crashing
Now activity 3-4 has least cost slope i.e. 3000, we will crash it by 1 week.
A
T.P.C = 70500 – 1 × 3000 + 1 × 3000 = 70500
M
7(5)
6(3) 1(1) 4(3)

1 2 3 4 11 weeks
5(3)
S

IVth Stage Crashing
IE
Activity 1-3 and 1-2 have least combined cost slope i.e. 4000, we will crash it by 2 weeks.
T.P.C. = 70500 – 2 ×.3000 + 2 × 4000 = 725000
5(5)
4(3) 1(1) 4(3)

1 2 3 4 9 weeks
5(3)

Vth Stage Crashing

Activity 3-4 and 2-4 can be crashed simultaneously by 1 weeks.
T.P.C. = 72500 – 1 × 3000 + 1 × 6500 = 76000
5(5)
4(3) 1(1) 3(3)

1 2 3 4 8 weeks
4(3)
R
Hence, the optimum project duration = 11 weeks.
E
The corresponding least cost = Rs. 70500.
5. (e) For the network shown in Fig. below assume that, after working 15 days on the project, the
following conditions exist: T
S
(a) Activities 1-2, 1-3 and 1-4 are complete as originally planned
(b) Activity 2-4 is in process and will be completed in 3 more days
A
(c) Activity 3-6 is in process and will need 18 more days for completion
(d) Activity 6-7 appears to present some problem and its new estimated time of completion
M
is 12 days.
(e) Activity 6-8 can be completed in 5 days instead of the originally planned 7 days.
(f) No other activity have been started and the estimates of original time remains same.
S
18
2 5
9 7 8
IE
6 20
1 4 7
7 6
5
10
12
3 6 8
7
Update the network based on the assessment at the end of 15 days. Include all activities in
the new project. [15 Marks]

Sol. 5(e)
Before Updating
9 9 27 28
18
2
3 5
3
9 7 8
16 16
0 0 6 20
1 4 7 36 36
R
10 6
5 7
E
12 7 42 42
3 6 8
10 11 22 29
T
S
Critical path is 1–2–4–7–8 after updating.
15 19 33 37
A
18
2
3 5
3
M
0 3 8
20 25
20
15 15 1 4 7 45 45
0
S
6
0 12
5
IE
18 5
3 6 8 51 51
15 15 33 33
Now critical path will be 1–3–6–7–8.
6. (a) A concrete dam of 20 m base width stores 6 m depth of water. A sheet pile cut off is provided
at the upstream end of the base of the dam up to a depth of 10 m. The base of the dam
is 1.0 m below the ground surface, and the pervious foundation extends to a depth of 16.0
m. below which an impervious straturm exists. The flow net for this structure is drawn, as
shown in the Fig. below.

R
(i) Compute the seepage flow below the dam in cumecs per meter length of dam, if the
coeffcient of permeability (K) for the foundation soil is 1.5  103 cm / s .
E
(ii) Compute the exit gradient and F.S. against boiling, if the elementary square at the toe
Use unit wt. of water = 10 kN / m3 .

T
of the dam has been measured to have dimensions of 2.4 m.
[10 Marks]
S
6. (a)
Nf
A
(i) seepage flow q = Kh
Nd
h = 6m
M
K = 1.5 × 10–3 cm/sec

= 1.5 × 10–5 m/sec
N f = 3, Nd = 10
5 3
S
 q = 1.5  10  6 
10
q = 2.7 × 10–5 m3/sec/m run
IE
head loss per drop

(ii) exit gradient =
length of flow in end field square
6
10  0.25
= 2.4
If the critical hydraulic gradient is taken approximately equal to 1 the FS against boiling is

= 4
0.25

6. (b) The soil profile at a site for a proposed office building consists of a layer of fine sand 10.4m
thick above a clay layer 2m thick. Below the clay there is a deposit of coarse sand. The
ground water table was observed at 3m below ground level. The void ratio of the sand
is 0.76 and specific gravity is 2.7. The building will impose a vertical stress increase of 140
kPa at the middle of clay layer. The clay is over consolidated with an OCR = 2.5, w =
38%, Cr = 0.05, Cc = 0.3 and Gs = 2.7. Assume the soil above the water table to be
saturated. Determine the primary consolidation settlement of the clay. [10 Marks]
Sol. 6.(b)
R
3m
Fine sand 10.4m
E
e = 0.76 7.4m
G = 2.7
T
S
 = 38% Clay 2m
A A
Coarse Sand
A
Clay, e0 = G  0.38  2.7  1.026

M
Ge
 sat sand =   
 1 e 
2.7  0.76
=  9.81  19.28 KN/m3
S
1  0.76
 G  1
 sub sand =   
IE
 1 e 
2.7  1
=  9.81  9.47 KN/m3
1  0.76
2.7  1
 sub clay =  9.81
1  1.026
= 8.23 KN/m3
A0 =  sat sand  3  sub sand  7.4   sub clay  1
= 19.28 × 3 + 9.47 × 7.4 + 8.23 × 1

= 136.15 KN/m2
2
A = 140 KN/m

2
A1 = 136.15 + 140 = 276.148 KN/m
C
OCR =

where C = preconsolidation stress
 = existing effective stress
C
2.5 =
136.15
C = 340.375 KN/m2
R
C > A1
E
Cr Ho A1
 H = 1  e log 
0 A0
=
0.05  2
1  1.026
T
log
276.148
136.15
S
H = 15.16 mm
6. (c) A footing, 2 m square, rests on a soft clay soil, with its base at a depth of 1.5 m from ground
A
surface. The clay stratum is 3.5 m thick and is underlain by a firm sand stratum. The clay
soil has L.L. = 30%, G= 2.7, water content at saturation = 40%, cohesion = 0.5 kg/cm2
M
(f = 0). It is known that the clay stratum is normally consolidated. Compute the settlement
that would result if the load intensity equal to safe bearing capacity of soil were allowed
to act on the footing. Natural water table is quite close to the ground surface. For given
conditions, bearing capacity factor (Nc) is obtained as 6.9. Take factor of safety as 3.
Assume load spread of 2 (vertical) to 1 (horizontal). [15 Marks]
S
Sol. 6. (c)
IE
1.5 m
B
1 2m
2 m L.L = 30%
1m G = 2.7
2m 2 A   0 
1.Q 1.Q Ws= 40%
2
2 2 c = 0.5 kg/cm
NC= 6.9
Firm Sand Stratum
Calculation for net safe bearing capacity of soil for square footing in clayey soil, qns

As per Terzaghi, for square footing on clayey soil net ultimate bearing capacity
qnu = 1.3c NC
qnu = 1.3 × 0.5 × 6.9
= 4.485 kg/cm2
= 44.85 t/m2
Net safe bearing capacity of soil,
qnu
qns =
FOS
44.85
=  14.95t / m2
R
3
B = 14.95 t/m2
E
14.95  2  2
A =  6.64 t / m2
(2  1)(2  1)
initial effective stress at A, A =  sub × 2.5

T
S
 G  1 2.7  1
sub =   w  1
 1 e  1  0.4  2.7
A
sub = 0.8173 t/m2
A = 0.8173 × 2.5 = 2.043 t/m2

M
Cc = 0.009(LL – 10%) = 0.009(30 – 10) = 0.18

Cc H     A 
log  A 
H = 1  e A
 
0.18  2  2.043  6.64 
H = 1  0.4  2.7 log  
S
2.043 
H = 10.88 cm
IE
6. (d) Draw the network for the the following project and number the events according to fulkerson’s
rule. [12 Marks]
Activity Immediate Activity Immediate

Pr edecessor Pr edecessor
A  G C
B A H C& D
C A I E&F
D A
E B J G&H
F C K I& J

Sol. 6. (d)
B E I
3 6
A C F
1 2 4
K
D G 8 9
H J
5 7
6. (e) Discuss in brief types, basic parts and operations of power shovels.
R
[13 Marks]
Sol. 6. (e)
Power Shovels
E
 Basically a shovel is a tool for digging, lifting, and moving bulk materials, such as soil, coal,
gravel, snow, sand, or ore.

and gardening.
T
Shovels are extremely common tools that are used extensively in agriculture, construction,
S
 When a shovel is mounted on a Power vehicle it is called as Power Shovel
 Power shovels are used mainly to excavate earth and load into trucks or tractor-drawn
wagons.
A
 Power shovels can excavate all types of earth except solid rock without prior loosening.
Types of Power Shovels
M
1. Crawler mounted Shovels

2. Rubber Tyre mounted Shovels
Crawler mounted Shovels
 Crawler mounted Shovels are mounted on Crawler tracks.
S
 Crawler mounted Shovels have very low travel speed.

 Crawler mounted Shovels exert low pressure on the soil and hence suited for muddy and soft
IE
ground surface.
Rubber Tyre mounted Shovels
 Rubber Tyre mounted Shovels may be mounted on Rubber-tyres.
 Rubber-tyre-mounted shovels have higher travel speeds are useful for small jobs where
considerable travelling is involved.
 Rubber-tyre-mounted shovels exert considerable pressure on the soil surface hence suited
where the road and the firm ground surfaces.
The basic parts of a power shovel include
 Mounting
 Cab
 Boom

 Dipper stick
 Dipper
 Other attachments to the shovel include hoe, dragline, clamshell and crane.
Operations of Shovels
 Positioning the shovel near the face of the earth to be excavated.
 The dipper is lowered to the floor of the pit, with the teeth pointing into the face.
 A penetration force is applied through the dipper shaft and at the same time tension is
applied to the hoisting line to pull the dipper up the face of the pit.
 If the depth of the face (called the depth of cut) is just right, the dipper will be filled as it
reaches the top of the face.
R
 If the depth is shallow it will not be possible to fill the dipper completely without excessive
crowding and hoisting tension.
E
 If the depth of cut is more than is required to fill the dipper, the depth of penetration of the
dipper into the face must be reduced if the full face is to be excavated or to start the
excavation above the floor of the pit.
7.
T
(a) (i) Derive the expression for coefficient of earth pressure at rest.
(ii) A smooth vertical wall 4m high retains cohesive soil backfill with c  10 kN / m2 ,
S
  0 and   18 kN / m3 . Determine (1) the depth at which active earth pressure
is zero, (2) depth at which total active earth pressure is zero, (3) depth of tension
A
crack, (4) active earth pressure at base of the wall, (5) total active earth pressure and
its point of application from base of the wall; and (6) total passive earth pressure on
M
the wall. [15 Marks]

Sol. 7.(a) (i)
If the soil mass is considered to be a semi-infinite, homogeneous, elastic and isotropic material, it
is possible to evaluate the lateral pressure using the theory of elasticity, since there is no displacement
at all.
S
Let x be the strain in the horizontal direction at depth Z on an element of soil and let the poisson's
ratio and the elastic modulus be  and E respectively. For the plane strain condition, x is given by
IE
1
x =    (z  x )
E x
The earth pressure at rest corresponds to a condition of zero lateral strain or x = 0

x = 
1  z
 x = Po = Lateral earth pressure at rest

Po = 
1  z


Coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest (Ko) =
1 
 Po  ko  z

Where ko = 1 
1  sin0
(ii) k a  1
1  sin0
Depth of tension crack
R
2c 2  10
Zo  
 ka 18 1
Zo = 1.11m
E
(ii) Total active earth pressure will be zero at
= 2 × 1.11 = 2.22m
(iii) Depth of tension crack = 1.11m
D
20kN/m2
E
T
S
1.11m
A
A
1.11m 4m
M
C
B
(iv) Active earth pressure at the base of wall = Bk A  2C k a

S
2
= 18  4  1  2  10 11  52 kN/m
(v) Total earth pressure (without crack)
IE
1 1
=  52   2.89  1–  20 1.11
2 2
= 64.04kN/m
A1x1  A 2x 2
x = A1  A 2
1 2 
0.5  52  2.89   2.89 – 0.5  20 1.11   1.11  2.89 
= 3 3 
 0.5  52  2.89  0.5  20 1.11
x = 0.5011 m =  From base of the wall.

Total earth pressure (crack)
1
=  52  2.89 1
2
= 75.14kN/m
Position of the pressure
1
=  2.89
3
x  0.9633m from base of the wall.
(vi) pP   zk P  2C k P
R
2
20kN/m
E
T
S
2
92kN/m
A
2
At top, pPtop  0  2  10 1  20 kN/m
M
2
At bottom, pPbottom  18  4  1  2  10 1  92 kN/m
1
Total passive pressure =  20  92   4 1 = 224 kN/m
2
S
7. (b) A direct shear box test performed on a remoulded sand sample yielded the following
observations at the time of failure :
IE
Normal load = 0.36 kN ; Shear load = 0.18 kN

The sample area was 36 cm2 ; Determine :
(i) The angle of internal friction ;
(ii) The magnitude and direction of the principal stresses in the zone of failure; and
(iii) The magnitude of maximum deviator stress if a sample of the same sand with the
same void ratio were tested in a triaxial test with an allround pressure of 60 kN / m 2 .
Assume c= 0.
[15 Marks]

Sol. 7. (b)
shear load
 f = c / s area of sample
0.18
=  50 kN / m2
36  104
Normal load
 = C / s area of sample
0.36
R
=  100 kN / m2
36  104
From Mohr’s circle diagram
E
Horizontal
P
T
S
 
 
A
O 2 1

f 50
M
(a) tan  = 
 100
 = 26.56
(b) in  CPP,
S
f
cos =
PC
PC = 50/cos 26.56 = 55.9 kN/m2
IE
CP
tan =

CP = 25 kN/m2
1 = OP  CP  CD
= 100 + 25 + 55.9 = 181 kN/m2
2 = OP  PC  CB
= 100 + 25 – 55.9
= 69.1 KN/m2
 =   90 = 116.56°

31.72
58.28
minor principle plane major principle plane
(c) 3 = 60 kN/m2
d = ?
R
1 = 60 + d
E
P
O

3 C T 1
S
A
 in  OPC
M
1  3
sin  =   
1 3
60  d  60
sin 26.56 = 60    60
S
d = 97.05 kN/m2
IE
7. (c) A, B, C and D are the activities. Their normal and crash durations and associated costs are
given in the table below:
Activity Normal Normal Crash duration in Crash

duration in cost Rs. days cost Rs.
days
A 8 6,000 4 12,000
B 4 2,000 2 14,000
C 10 4,000 4 8,000
D 6 4,000 4 8,000

For the entire project the indirect cost is Rs. 1000 per day. A and B are starting activities;
C follows B; D follows A and C; D is the finishing activity. Draw CPM Network. Calculate
points for PTC graph and plot the same. Determine the optimum cost and optimum duration
for the project. PTC is Project-Time-Cost-Trade -Off graph. [20 Marks]
Sol. 7. (c) Network Diagram

TE = 4
TL = 4
R
B
2 ) 10(4) C
4(
E
TE = 0 A D TE = 20
1 3 4
TL = 0 TL = 20
8(4) 6(4)
TE = 14
TL = 14
T
S
Critical path = 1 – 2 – 3 – 4
Cost slope
A
Activity Normal Crash Cost Slope
time cost (Rs.) time cost (Rs.) C t C/t

M
A 8 6000 4 12000   
B 4 2000 2 14000   
C 10 4000 4 8000   

S
D 6 4000 4 8000   

IE
Normal Cost at normal project duration

Normal project duration = 20 days
Direct cost = 6000 + 2000 + 4000 + 4000 = Rs. 16000
Indirect cost = 20 × 1000 = Rs. 20000
Total cost = 16000 + 20000 = Rs. 36000

First stage crashing

We can observe that among critical activities, activity C has
minimum cost slope i.e. 666.67 and has crashing potential of 6
TE = 4
days. It can be crashed by 6 day without affecting other parallel TL = 4
activities.
2
New project duration = 14 days.
B
Direct cost = 16000 + 6 × 666.67 = Rs. 20000 ) 4(4) C
4(2
Indirect cost = 14 × 1000 = Rs. 14000 TE = 0 A D TE = 14
1 3 4
TL = 0 8(4) 6(4) TL = 14
Total cost = 20000 + 14000 = Rs. 34000 TE = 8
Second stage crashing TL = 8
R
We can observe that, now we have 2 critical path A –D and B–C–D. Therefore we have to check
various alternatives of combinations of cost slope
(i) C/S of B + C/S of A = 6000 + 1500 = 7500
E
(ii) C/S of D = 2000
 Cost slope of activity D is minimum, therefore it can be crashed for its complete crashing
potential that is 2 days.
Direct cost = 20000 + 2 × 2000 = Rs. 24000
T
S
Indirect cost = 12 × 1000 = Rs. 12000
Total cost = 24000 + 12000 = Rs. 36000
A
TE = 4
TL = 4
2
M
B C
2 ) 4(4)
4( TE = 8
TE = 0 TL = 8 D TE = 12
1 3 4
TL = 0 8(4) 4(4) TL = 12
Third Stage Crashing

S
Now we can crash activity A and B simultaneously by 2 days. As these are parallel activities
and crashing potential of activity B gets expired.
IE
Direct cost = 24000 + 6000 × 2 = Rs. 36000

Indirect cost = 10 × 1000 = Rs. 10000
Total cost = 36000 + 10000 = Rs. 46000
TE = 2
TL = 2
2
B C
) 4(4)
2(2
TE = 0 A D TE = 10
1 3 4
TL = 0 6(4) 4(4) TL = 10
TE = 6
TL = 6

Total Cost Curve:
50000
48000
46000
44000
42000
R
Cost
40000
E
38000
36000
34000
T
S
0
A
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Time (days)
Optimum project duration = 14 days
M
Optimum project cost = Rs. 34000
7. (d) Determine the output of a bulldozer for the following situations;

(a) Material handled sandy loam top soil having swell = 25%
S
(b) Haul distance = 30 meters

(c) Rated mould board capacity = 3 cum loose volume
IE
(d) Actual operating time per hour = 45 minutes

(e) Forward speed 2.4 km per hour
(f) Reverse speed 6.0 km per hour. [10 Marks]
Sol. 7.(d)
If D = Haul distance (m), R = Reverse Speed (km/h), F = Forward speed (km/h), G = Time
required for gear shifting (minutes).
D D
Time required per trip in minutes (or cycle time) =  G
F R
30 30
=   0.3
2.4  1000 6.0  1000
60 60

= 0.75 + 0.30 + 0.30 = 1.35 minutes
3 45
Output of bulldozer =  cum / hr
1.25 1.35
= 80 cum/hr.
8. (a) (i) Determine the factor of safety with respect to cohesion only for a submerged
embankment 25 m high whose upstream face has an inclination of 45°. The soil has
the following properties; c = 40 kN/m2,  = 10°,  sat = 18 kN/m3. The relevant
stability number is equal to 0.108.
R
(ii) What is the factor of safety if the embankment experiences the effect of sudden
drawdown? For m = 4.5° and i = 45°, the value to the stability number is 0.136.
E
[10 Marks]
8. (a) (i)
Using submerged unit weight,
C
Sn = F  ' H T
S
c
3
 ' =  sat   w  18  9.81  8.19 kN/m
A
40
 0.108 = F  8.19  25
C
M
40
 Fc =  1.81
0.108  8.19  25
(ii)
'  1 
 tan w =   F tan  ' 
sat  
S
8.19
First trial, taking F = 1, tan  w   tan10º 
18
IE
 w = 4.59º
 For m = 4.5º and i = 45º, sn = 0.136
40
0.136 =  Fc  0.653
Fc  18  25
 Fc = 0.653 < 1  the slope in not safe
8. (b) A sample of dry soil having specific gravity of 2.74 and having a mass of 133.7 gm is
uniformly dispersed in water to form 1000 cc of suspension.
(i) Determine the density of suspension immediately after it is prepared.

(ii) A 10 cc of the suspension was removed from the depth of 21 cm beneath the top

surface after the suspension was allowed to stand for 2 min 30 sec. The dry mass of
the soil in the sample drawn was found to be 0.406 gm. Determine one point on the
grain-size distribution curve corresponding to this observation.
Temperature of suspension = 20°C
Viscosity of water at 20°C = 0.0102 poise. [15 Marks]
Sol. 8. (b)
G = 2.74
Mass of dry soil = 133.7 gm
volume of suspension = 1000 cm 3
133.7
R
3
Volume of soil =  48.8 cm
2.74 1
Volume of water = 1000 – 48.8
E
= 951.2 cm 3
 Mass of water = 951.2 gm
 density of suspension =
T
mass of soil + mass of water
total volume
=
133.7  951.2
1000
S
= 1.0 849 gm/cc = 1084.9 kg/m 3
(b) Volume of sample = 10 cm 3
A
Hs = 21 cm = 0.21 m
t = 2 min 30 sec = 150 sec.
M
µ = 0.0102 poise
= 0.0102 × 10–4 KN-s/m 2 = 1.02 × 10–6 KN-s/m 2
we know,
Hs d2
= s   
t 18µ
S
2
0.21 d
= 6 [2.74 – 1] 9.81
150 18 1.02 10
IE
d = 3.88 × 10–5 m
d = 0.0388 mm
% of particles finer than d,
dry mass of soil in the sample = 0.406 gm
% finer than size 0.0388 =
concentration of sample collected at time t from height Hs
Concentration of soil from original soil suspension
0.406
= 10 100 = 30.36%
133.7
1000

8. (c) For the given A-O-A network shown in fig, draw A-O-N network and find.
(i) EST, EFT, LST & LFT of each activity
(ii) TF of each activity
(iii) Critical path and project duration [20 Marks]
D
5
B H
E
3 5 10
A I
5 9
R
F
C J
3
7 5
G
E
5
Sol. 8.(c)
A-O-N Network Diagram
5 B3 8 8 T
D5 13 13 H 23
S
6 9 9 14 14 10 24
8 E5 13
10 15
15 I 24 24
0 A5 5 F0
A
0 5 15 9 24 24
12 F 15
12 3 15
5 C7 12 12 G5 17 17 J 22
M
5 12 14 19 19 5 24
Calculation of EST, EFT, LST, LFT and F T are done in table below:
ij
Activity t EST EFT LST LFT TF R em arks
S
A 5 0 5 0 5 0 Critical
B 3 5 8 6 9 1
C 7 5 12 5 12 0 Critical
IE
D 5 8 13 9 14 1
E 5 8 13 10 15 2
F 3 12 15 12 15 0 Critical
G 5 12 17 14 19 2
H 10 13 23 14 24 1
I 9 15 24 15 24 0 Critical
J 5 17 22 19 22 2
Fo 0 24 24 24 24 –
 Critical path along A – C – F – I.

 The project duration is 24 units.

8. (d) Define batching of materials. How are batchings of cement and aggregate done?
[15 Marks]
Sol. 8.(d) Batching Materials

 Batching is the process of measurement of cement, fine aggregate (sand), coarse aggregates
(stone chips) and water for each batch of concrete mixing.
 It is essential that quantity of each material that goes into a batch must be exact so as to
produce concrete for the desired properties.
 Batching can be done in following ways.
(i) By volume
(ii) By weight
R
 IS-code recommends batching of materials by weight only, as weight batching is quite reliable
and dependable in producing the concrete of uniform concrete.
E
Batching of cement
 Generally cement is measured by counting the number of bags because each has a fixed quantity

(50 kg).
T
When the size of the project is large enough to justify the installation of facilities to handle bulk
cement, it is usually stored in a suitable silo or fully enclosed bin
S
 A weighing hopper is generally suspended beneath the storage bin to measure the correct cement
amount.
A
 Weighing is facilitated by means of a beam scale or springless dial scale, the latter being more
expensive but more dependable.
Batching of aggregates
M
 Batches of fine and coarse aggregates are based on one bag of cement or its multiples unless
bulk cement is used and weighed separately.
 This type of batching no correction is needed to allow for the bulking of sand, but an allowance
should be made for the weight of water contained in the wet aggregates.
 For smaller jobs, weigh batching may be done by
S
(i) Simple spring balances

(ii) Platform weighing machines
IE
(iii) Automatic weighing machines.

 For very large project, large weigh batching plants have automatic weighing equipment.
 Water-cement ratio is the most important parameter to control the strength of concrete. Lower
is the W/C ratio, greater is the strength.
 Therefore quantity of water as determined by concrete-mix design must be added accurately to
get the desired strength without affecting the workability.
 Batching of water is done either by weight or by volume, both of them gives same results.
 As it is easier to measure the volume of water, it is done with the help of calibrated tank and
cylinders.
 These tanks are designed to discharge a predetermined volume of water into mixers.

Ies Master: Civil Engineering

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ies Master: Civil Engineering

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

IES MASTER

Institute for Engineers (IES/GATE/PSUs)

(i) What is its state of consistency in nature?

ws = 25% wp = 45% wl = 60%

Mass of water= 0.25 Ms = 0.25 × 10.305 = 2.57625 ml

Calculation of volume at w = 20%

 Volume of sample (at w = 20%) = 6.40 ml

1. (b) A building has to be supported on a RC raft foundation of dimensions 14 m × 21 m. The

gclay = 19 kN/m3. Use Skempton’s approach for bearing capacity calculations.

Mob. : 8010009955, 9711853908 E-mail: ies_master@yahoo.co.in, info@iesmaster.org

1. (b) Data Given:

 D f = 6.55 m ... (iv)

Mob. : 8010009955, 9711853908 E-mail: ies_master@yahoo.co.in, info@iesmaster.org

 total head at B = 0.4 – 0.16 = 0.24 m

piezometric head at B = 0.24 – (–0.25)

Mob. : 8010009955, 9711853908 E-mail: ies_master@yahoo.co.in, info@iesmaster.org

 2.13 × 10–4 = K2 × 0.96 × 1

Seepage velocity, s1 = 

Mob. : 8010009955, 9711853908 E-mail: ies_master@yahoo.co.in, info@iesmaster.org

1. (d) For the given PERT network, determine

Z –0.7 –0.8 –0.5 –0.9 –1.28

Mob. : 8010009955, 9711853908 E-mail: ies_master@yahoo.co.in, info@iesmaster.org

Critical paths are

For path (b)  = 1  4  1  1.77  0.45  2.87

Hence most critical path is (a) i.e. 1–2–3–6–7–8

Mob. : 8010009955, 9711853908 E-mail: ies_master@yahoo.co.in, info@iesmaster.org

Sol. 1. (e) Ci  1,10,000 , Cs  10,000 n = 6 yr, i = 8%

Sum of digits of year method

D4 = 1,00,000    = 14285.71  14286

in the clay stratum was 24 kN/m2.

Mob. : 8010009955, 9711853908 E-mail: ies_master@yahoo.co.in, info@iesmaster.org

= 0.1 × 422.6 = 42.26 mm

Mob. : 8010009955, 9711853908 E-mail: ies_master@yahoo.co.in, info@iesmaster.org

2. (b) A 20 m high earthen bund has the following dimensions:

15.5  S = 15.52  182

Mob. : 8010009955, 9711853908 E-mail: ies_master@yahoo.co.in, info@iesmaster.org

 Now Keq = K xK y  9  104  1 104

Keq = 3 × 10–4 cm/sec

Sol. 2. (c) The cash-flow diagram corresponding to alternative A is given below

2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50

= 500000 + 250000 (6.1446)

2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00

7.50 Cash Flow diagram for Alternative B

Present cost of alternative B = 750000 + 200000 (P/A, 10%, 10)

Mob. : 8010009955, 9711853908 E-mail: ies_master@yahoo.co.in, info@iesmaster.org

(i) Present worth

10,000 3000 3000

25000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000

Mob. : 8010009955, 9711853908 E-mail: ies_master@yahoo.co.in, info@iesmaster.org

15333 15333 15333 15333 15333

 PA(10) = overall present worth of machine A on the basis of 10 yrs period

= 31553  31553  = 53,027

A(A) = Equivalent Annual worth of machine A

A    0.08 1  0.08 5 

Mob. : 8010009955, 9711853908 E-mail: ies_master@yahoo.co.in, info@iesmaster.org

Unconfined compressive strength (remoulded) = 85 kN / m 2

(ii) Plasticity index = L.L. – P.L.

unconfined compressive strength (undisturbed)

(v) IP = 0.73 L  20

Mob. : 8010009955, 9711853908 E-mail: ies_master@yahoo.co.in, info@iesmaster.org

(i) the permeability of the sand layer

h1 = 14 – (2.14 + 1.787) = 10.073 m