CESSCJEETEST 7 (FL 1) (Solutions) - Final 1575726131018

CE (Full-length-1), SSC JE Mains Test Series | 7/12/ 2019 (1)
ER
(FLT-1)6
Sol. 1(a) Data given :

Reoxygenation constant, KR = 0.4 per day
T
Velocity of river, V = 0.85 m/s
Saturation dissolved oxygen, CS = 10 mg/L
AS
Initial deficit oxygen, D0 = 0
Ultimate BOD, L0 = 20 mg/L
Deoxygenation constant, KD = 0.2 per day
Using Streeter-Phelps equation, we get
K DL 0
M
Oxygen deficit at time ‘t’, Dt = 10 K Dt  10KR t   D0 10 KR t

KR  KD
Time of travel in the stream from the point of discharge of organic pollutant till 48.3 km downstream,
48.3  1000
t =
0.85
S
i.e. t = 56823.53 sec.

= 0.658 days
IE
0.2  20
 Dt =  10 0.20.658  10 0.40.658   0
0.4  0.2
= 3.86 mg/L
Hence, dissolved oxygen at 48.3 km downstream,
C = CS – Dt = 10 – 3.86
= 6.14 mg/L
Sol.1(b) Difference between the WBM and WMM road construction methods:
Although the cost of construction of the WMM is said to be more than that of the WBM sub-base and
bases but the advantages given below will compensate for that. Here are the points of difference.
1. The WMM roads are said to be more durable.
2. The WMM roads gets dry sooner and can be opened for traffic within less time as compare to the
WBM roads which take about one month for getting dry.
3. WMM roads are soon ready to be black topped with the Bituminous layers.
Regd. office : F-126, (Lower Basement), Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi-110016 Phone : 011-26522064
Mob. : 8130909220, 9711853908 E-mail: info.publications@iesmaster.org, info@iesmaster.org
Web. : iesmasterpublications.com, iesmaster.org
(2) CE (Full-length-1), SSC JE Mains Test Series | 7/12/ 2019
4. WMM roads are constructed at the fast rate.

5. The consumption of the water is less in case of the WMM roads.
6. Stone aggregates used in WBM is lager in size which varies from 90 mm to 20 mm depending upon
the grade but in case of the WMM size varies from 4.75 mm to 20 mm.
7. In case of WBM, stone aggregates, screenings and binders are laid one after another in layers while
in WMM, aggregates and binders are premixed in the batching plants and then brought to the side
for overlaying and compacting.
8. Materials used in the WBM are the stone aggregates, screenings and binder material (Stone dust with
water) while in WMM material used are only stone aggregate and binders.
9. Quantity of the WBM is generally measured in cubic meters while that of the WMM in square meters.
ER
Sol. 1(c) Data given :
Height of vane, h = 100 mm
Diameter of vane, d = 60 mm
h d
Torque required to achieve failure, T = f × d2 ×  2  6 
It is to be noted here that

Shear strength at failure,
T
We are assuming that both top and bottom end of vane shear the soil.
f = cu (undrained cohesion)
AS

For undisturbed condition, T = 40 kN-mm
= 0.04 kN-m
 0.1 0.06 
 0.04 = cu ×  ×(0.06)2 ×   
 2 6 
 Cohesion for undisturbed condition or undrained cohesion,
M
cu = 58.946 kN/m2
For remoulded condition, T = 15 kN-mm
= 0.015 kN-m
0.015 = cur ×  × (0.06)2 ×  0.1  0.06 
S

 2 6 
 Cohesion in remoulded condition, cur = 22.104 kN/m2
IE
quundisturbed 2cu cu 58.946

Sensitivity of soil = = = = = 2.67
qu remoulded 2cur cur 22.104
Sol1 (d) Given:

Power (P) = 200 HP = 200 × 746 W = 149200 W
Allowable shear stress (  ) = 70 MPa
Angular velocity for Ist shaft (N1) = 20 rpm
Angular velocity for IInd shaft (N2) = 20,000 rpm
2 NT
Now Power (P) =
60
For Ist Shaft
N1 = 20 rpm
P = 149200 w
T1 = ?
2  20  T1
149200 =
60
 T1 = 71237.75 N-m
T 
Now IP = D / 2
ER
D4
IP =
32
T1  16
 = 
D13
T D13 =
71237.75  16  103
  70
AS
 D1 = 173.05 mm ... (1)
For IInd shaft
N2 = 20,000 rpm
P = 149200 w
M
T2 = ?
2 N2 T2
P =
60
S
149200  60
 T2 =  71.238 N-m
2  20000
IE
T2 
Now =
IP D2 / 2
71.238  16
 D32 =
  70  106
 D2 = 17.31 mm ... (2)

From (1) and (2) it can be inferenced that by running the shaft at higher angular velocity size of the shaft
and hence material of the shaft can be drastically reduced and hence operating the shaft at higher angular
velocity is economic. For further economizing the shaft at the same angular velocity, hollow shaft can be
used.
Sol.2(a) The difference between flexible and rigid pavements are as follows:
Property Flexible pavement Rigid Pavement
1. Components A typical flexible pavement consists Usually the rigid pavement structure
of four components (i) soil subgrade consists of a cement concrete slab,
(ii) sub-base course (iii) base course below which a granular base or
and (iv) surface course sub-base course may be provided.
2. Flexural strength They have low or negligible flexural They possess noteworthy flexural
strength and are rather flexible in their strength or flexural rigidity
structural behaviour
3. Load resistance The flexible pavement layers transmit the Here, stresses are not transferred
vertical compressive stresses to the lower from grain to grain to lower layers.
ER
layers by grain to grain transfer through They resist the wheel load by their
points of contact in the granular flexural strength
structure.
4. Tensile stress They cannot resist tensile stress They can resist tensile stress.
5. Sub-grade For flexible pavements, strength of sub Rigid pavements does not get
T
-grade is most important. If sub-grade
gets undulated, the flexible pavements
deformed to the shape of the
lower surface as it can bridge the
AS
surface also gets undulated minor variations of lower layer
6. Critical stress The critical condition of stress is the The critical condition of stress is
condition vertical compressive stress the maximum flexural stress due
due to wheel load and temperature changes
7. Design Flexible pavement are commonly Rigid pavements are usually
designed using empirical design designed and the stresses are
M
charts or equations. analysed using the elastic theory.

8. Temperature In flexible pavements, temperature It produces heavy temperature
effect does not produce any stresses. stresses
9. Example Bituminous concrete Cement concrete slabs
S
Sol.2(b) Given
Staff distance = 100 m S2
IE
Length of 1 division = 2mm
Bubble Tube A S

Staff reading 1, S1 = 1.681m
Staff reading 2, S2 = 1.767 m
S1
 Change in staff reading
S = S2 – S1
R
S = 1.767 – 1.681
= 0.086 m 
100 m
Staff distance, D = 100 m
S 0.086
 Angle subtended,  =  ... (i)
D 100
Left hand reading 1, l1 = 13
Right hand reading 1, r1 = 5
Left hand reading 2, l2 = 8
Right hand reading 2, r2 = 12
(l  r )  (l2  r2 )
 No. of division bubble moved,(n) = 1 1
2
(13  5)  (8  12)
n =
2
= 6 divisions
ER
 0.086
 Sensitivity =  206265 second =  206265
n 100  6
 Sensitivity of bubble tube A = 29.56
For bubble tube B
S1 = 1.635

T
S2 = 1.788
S = 1.788 – 1.635
AS
= 0.153
Staff distance, D = 100 m
S 0.153
  =   ... (ii)
D 100
l1 = 15 ; r1 = 3
M
l2 = 6 ; r2 = 14
(l  r )  (l2  r2 )
 n = 1 1
2
= 10 division

S
 Sensitivity =  206265 seconds

n
0.153
=  206265
100  10
IE
= 31.56
 Sensitivity of bubble tube B = 31.56
As angle subtended by 1 division of bubble tube A is 29.56 which is less than that of B.
Hence, Bubble tube A is more sensitive.
Sol.2(c) Five steps involved in the setting up of a theodolite are:

(i) Place the tripod over the required station in such a way that the legs of the tripod make an angle
of about 60° with horizontal.
(ii) Take out the instrument (Theodolite) from the box. Lift the instrument from the base and screw it
tightly on the tripod head
(iii) Adjust the height of the tripod so that the telescope is at the eye level of surveyor
(iv) Now, centering is done either with the help of plumb-bob or optical plummet. Tripod legs are moved
radially or circumferentially for centering.
(v) After centering, approximate levelling is done either with reference to a small circular bubble provided
on tribarch or is done by eye judgement.
Sol.2(d) The various tests done to determine the quality of cement are as-
A. Fineness test
1. The fineness of cement has an important bearing on the rate of hydration and hence on the rate of gain
of strength and also on the rate of evolution of heat. Finer cement offers a greater surface area for
hydration and hence faster the development of strength.
2. Increase in fineness of cement is also found to increase the drying shrinkage of concrete.
3. Fineness of cement is tested in two ways :
(a) By sieving: The principle of this is that we determine the proportion of cement whose grain size is
larger than specified mesh size.
ER
(b) By determination of specific surface (total surface area of all the particles in one gram of cement)
by air-permeability apparatus. Expressed as cm2/gm. or m2/kg. Generally Blaine Air permeability
apparatus is used.
4. Maximum number of particles in a sample of cement should have a size less than about 100 microns.
The smallest particle may have a size of about 1.5 microns. By and large an average size of the cement
B. Setting time test

T
particles may be taken as about 10 micron.
AS
1. The significance of initial and final setting times is in the construction industry. There are various time
bound factors involved in cement work such as mixing, transportation, laying, compacting and finishing,
which will be facilitated only if cement or concrete is in plastic condition. For this purpose the initial
setting time of concrete is determined.
2. Simultaneously, it is also very important that once the concrete is compacted and finished, it attains its
M
firmness as soon as possible to avoid damages from external forces, bringing final setting time into the
picture.
3. Vicat’s apparatus is used to find these parameters.
C. Compressive Strength test
S
1. The compressive strength of hardened cement is the most important and most specified of all the
properties.
2. Therefore cement is always tested for this strength before employing it for important works.
IE
3. Before starting any project, concrete mix designs are prepared in the lab in accordance with the
properties of available materials. For checking the applicability and suitability of these designs, this test
is used.
4. It is also employed to check the strength of concrete ready for dispatch from the batching plant.
D. Soundness test
1. It is very essential that the cement after setting shall not undergo any appreciable change in volume,
because change in volume after setting of cement causes-
 Cracks
 Undue expansion which results in disintegration of concrete
 Adverse effect on durability
2. It can be tested with Le-Chatelier method or by autoclave method.
3. Le-Chatelier method is used in case of unsoundness due to free lime only as it does not indicate
the presence and after effects of excess of Magnesia.
4. For magnesia content exceeding 3 %, Autoclave test has to be used as it is sensitive to both free
lime and magnesia.
E. Heat of hydration test
1. It is estimated that exothermic reaction of cement with water generates about 120 calories of heat
for 1 gram of cement.
2. A temperature rise of about 50°C is observed in the interior of mass concrete dam. This can cause
serious expansion of the body of the dam and subsequent cooling will cause shrinkage which can
lead to serious cracking of concrete.
3. So test of heat of hydration is essentially required for low heat cements.
4. This is carried out over a few days by vacuum flask methods, or over a longer period in adiabatic
calorimeter.
ER
F. Chemical Composition test
1. Cement mainly consists of lime, silica, alumina and iron oxide.

2. Their relative proportions greatly influence the various properties of cement.
3. So it is of vital importance to carry out chemical composition tests in laboratory.
Sol: 3(a)
T
AS
Given :
P = 1200 kN
 Factored load, Pu = 1.5 × 1200 = 1800 kN
Circular diameter, D = 400 mm
M
L ef f = 3 m = 3000 mm
Assume clear cover (dc) = 40 mm
L eff 3
 Check for slenderness ratio =  = 7.5 < 12
D 0.4
S
 Column to be designed as short column

L D 
 Minimum eccentricity =  or 
 (whichever is maximum)
IE
500 30
20 mm 
3000 400
 emin =  = 19.33 or 20 mm
500 30
 emin = 20 mm
According to IS : 456 : 2000 if emin  0.05D, then only we can apply
Pu = (0.4 f ckAc + 0.67f yAsc) × 1.05
Volume of spiral reinforcement  A f

Provided that,  0.36  g  1 ck
Volume of core A f
 core  y
 0.05 × D = 0.05 × 400 = 20 mm = emin
We can apply the above formula for Pu

Area of concrete (Ac) =  4002  A sc = 125664 – Asc
4
where, Asc = Area of steel

 1800 × 103 = {0.4 × 20 × (125664 – Asc) + 0.67 × 415 × Asc} × 1.05
 Asc = 2625.34 mm2
 Checking for Asc min = 0.8% of gross area
0.8 
=   4002 = 1005.31 mm2
100 4
 Asc > Asc min (OK)
Main reinforcement area required is 2625.34 mm2.
Hence, provide 5 numbers of 20 mm  bars and 5 numbers of 18 mm  bars.
  
 Area provided = 5    202   182  = 2843.15 mm2
4 4
ER

 Check for longitudinal reinforcement
(i)  > 12 mm (OK)
(ii) Asc > Asc min (OK)
  300
(iii) Spacing between bars along periphery = = 94.28 mm < 300 mm (OK)

T
Design of spiral reinforcement,
10
AS
 longitudinal bar (largest) 
 
spiral   4  whichever is more
6 mm 
 
 20 
  5 mm 
 4 

6 mm 
M
Let us adopt, dia. of spiral as 6 mm

 Pitch of Spiral :
Vol. of spiral reinforcement (Vh )  Ag f
 0.36   1 ck
 A core  fy
S
Volume of core (Vc )

Core diameter (Dc) = 400 – dc × 2
DC
= 400 – 40 × 2 = 320 mm
IE

Vc =  Dc2  1000
4

=  3202  1000
4
= 8.042 × 107 mm3
Vh = (No. of turns in unit length) × (Length of one turn) × (C/s area of helical reinforcement)
1000  2
 Vh =  Dh   spiral
S 4
Dh
where, Dh = Dc  spiral
= 320 – 6 = 314 mm2

S = Pitch length
1000 
 Vh =    (314)   62
S 4
2.789  107
=
S
 According to code, for helical/spiral reinforcement
fck  Ag  Vh
0.36   1 
fy  Ac  Vc
  
 4002 2.789  107
20  4 
 0.36    1 
415   S  8.042  107
  3202 
 4 
 S  35.53 mm
75 mm
ER

 
As per code, S   Dc 320  (whichever is smaller)
 6   53.33 mm 
6
25 mm 
and S  3  (whichever is larger)
 spiral  3  6  18 mm 
T
Hence, provide 6 spirals at 35 mm pitch.
AS
5 no.s of 18 mm bar
& 5no.s of 20 mm bar
in alternate configuration
cc
6 spirals @ 35 mm c/c
pitch
clear cover = 40 mm
M
Sol:3(b) As span of the beam is not given, we can consider the given flange width as effective width of flange.
Hence, B ef f = 1200 mm = bf 1200mm
Assume, N.A. depth xu = Df = 120 mm
S
120mm
 Compressive force, C = 0.36 f ck bf xu
= 0.36 × 20 × 1200 × 120
IE
= 1.037 × 106 N 600mm

 Tensile force, T = 0.87 f y Ast

= 0.87  415  8   252
4 Ast = 8bars of 25mm
= 1.418 × 106 N
300mm
C < T
Hence, xu > D f
7 7
Again, assume N.A. depth xu = Df   120 = 280 mm
3 3
 Compressive force, C = 0.36 f ckbwxu + 0.45f ck(bf – bw)Df
= 0.36 × 20 × 300 × 280 + 9.72 × 105
= 6.05 × 105 + 9.72 × 105
= 1.577 × 106 N
 Tensile force, T = 0.87f yAst = 1.418 × 106 N

7
As C > T, hence, xu < Df
3
So, for actual xu, C = T
 0.36f ckbwx + 0.45f ck(bf – bw)(0.65Df + 0.15x) = 0.87f yAst

 0.36 × 20 × 300 × x + 0.45 ×20(1200 – 300)(0.65 × 120 + 0.15x) = 0.87 × 415 × 8 × × 252
4
 2.16 × 103 × x + 8.1 × 103(78 + 0.15x) = 1.418 × 106
 x = 232.95 mm
xu lim = 0.48 d = 0.48 × 600 = 288 mm > x
ER
Hence, the section is under-reinforced
y f = 0.65Df + 0.15x = 112.94 mm
 Maximum flexural strength,
 y 
MOR = 0.36fck b w x(d  0.42x)  0.45fck (bf  b w )y f  d  f 
 2
T 
= 0.36×20×300×232.95(600–0.42×232.95) + 0.45×20×(1200–300)×112.94×  600 

112.94 
2 
AS
= 7.499 × 108 N-mm
= 749.9 kN-m  750 kN-m
Sol.3(c)
In case of mass concreting due to large heat of hydration trapped within concrete, mass tray to
M

expand.
 Hence, tensile stress develops outer side and compressive stress develops inner side, and if the
value of tensile stress exceeds the limit, then tensile crack generates.
To reduce this phenomena—
S
(i) We can use cement with low heat of hydration.

(ii) We can add other cementecious material (like fly ash, pozzolana)
(iii) Site entrapment can be increased to accommodate stress.
IE
(iv) Externally ice bags can be used to reduce temperature.
Sol.4(a) Basically four types of settling occurs depending on the tendency of particles to interact and the concentration
of solids. They are :
1. Discrete Settling :
 It occurs when particles do not change their size, shape or mass during settling e.g. grit in waste
water.
 Settling velocity of discrete particle is determinable using stokes or transition law.
2. Flocculent Settling :
 Flocculent settling refers to settling of flocculent particles of low concentration usually less than
1000mg l
 Flocculent particles coalesce during settling. Consequently, mass of settling particles increases and
thus settling occurs faster.
 The degree of flocculation depends on the contact opportunities which in turn is affected by the
surface overflow rate, the depth of basin, the concentration of particles, the range of particle size
and the velocity gradient of the system.
 Removal of raw sewage organic suspended solids in PST, settling of chemical flocs in settling tank
and bioflocs in the upper portion of SST are examples of flocculent settling.
3. Hindered or zone settling :
 When concentration of flocculated particles is in intermediate range, they are close enough so that
their velocity fields overlap causing hindered settling.
 The settling of particles results in significant upward displacement of water.
 Particles maintain their relative positions with respect to each other and the whole mass settles as
a unit or zone.
 It is applicable to concentrated suspension as is found in secondary sedimentation tank (SST)
ER
following activated sludge process (ASP).
4. Compression settling :
 In compression zone, concentration of particles becomes so high that particles are in physical
contact with each other, the lower layers supporting the weight of upper layers.
 Consequently any further settling results due to compression of the whole structure of particles and
T
is accompanied by squeezing out of water from the pores between solid particles.
 It occurs at the bottom of deep sludge such as that at the bottom of SST (following ASP or trickling
AS
filter) and in tanks used for thickening of sludge.
Sol. 4(b)
Gate
guides
R 2.5m
2m
M
W
FS = R
S
Let the normal reaction at the guides be R. The normal reaction will be equal to the total hydrostatic pressure
acting on the gate.
IE
R =  Ax 
2
= 1000  9.81 (5  2)   
2
R = 98100 N ...(i)
When the gate is lifted upwards, the frictional force Fs will be developed which acts in vertically downward
direction.
 Fs = R
= (0.25 × 98100)
= 24525 N ...(ii)
If the force required to lift the gate is F, then it is opposed by self weight of gate and frictional force Fs
 F = (Fs + mg)
= (24525 + 0.5 × 1000 × 9.81)
= 29430 N = 29.43 kN
Sol. 4 (c)
Given : V1  90 m / s , u = 40 m/s, 2  160 , K = 0.9
X-Direction
vr
2 v2
v1 = vr
1 Vf 2
'
2=160° '
2
2 '2
vr (v 1– u)
u 1 u
V u2
(a) Velocity triangle at inlet (b) Outlet Velocity Triangle
ER
Figure shows the inlet and outlet velocity triangle. 2 = 180  160  20
Since K = 0.9, relative velocity Vr2 = 0.9v r1 = 0.9  V1  u 
vr2 = 0.9  (90  40) = 45m /s
Let 2 be the direction of the absolute V2 with the peripheral velocity.
Vf2 = V2 sin 2  Vr2 sin 2

T
AS
Vf2 = 45sin 20  15.39m / s
Vu2 = V2 cos 2  Vr2 cos 2  u
Vu2 = 45cos 20  40  2.29 m /s
Vf2 15.39
M
tan 2 = V  2.29  6.72

u2
Angle 2 = 81.537°

Vf2 15.39
S
V2 =   15.56m/s
sin 2 sin 81.537
Vr21 Vr22 (50)2  (45)2
(i) Energy loss at the bucket =   = 24.2m
IE
2g 2g 2  9.81
V22 (15.56)2
(ii) Kinetic energy head of exit discharge from the buckets =   12.34m
2g 2  9.81
Sol.4(d) Given,
Q = 10 m3/sec, d = 0.5 mm
Silt factor,
f = 1.76 dmm = 1.24
Assuming side slope = 1 H : 2V
So, for a regime channel using Lacey's theory, we have
(i) Velocity,
1/6 1/6
 Qf 2   10  1.242 
V =    
 140   140 
= 0.692 m/sec
(ii) Hydraulic mean depth,
5  V2 
R =  
2 f 
 0.6922 
= 2.5   
 1.24 
= 0.965 m
(iii) Area of the channel,
Q 10
A =   14.45 m2
V 0.692
(iv) Wetted perimeter,
P = 4.75 Q  4.75 10 = 15.02 m
ER
(v) Bed slope,
f 5/3 (1.24)5/3
S = 
3340 Q1/6 3340  (10)1/6
1
=
3425
Now, for a trapezoidal channel, T
AS
y 2V
B 1H
A =  B  y  y
 2
14.45 = (B  0.5 y) y ... (i)
M
 P = B  2.236 y
 15.02 = B + 2.236 y ... (ii)

From equation (i) and (ii)
S
1.736y2 – 15.02 y + 14.45 = 0

 y = 7.549 y , 1.03 m
IE
y = 1.103 m
(neglecting higher value)
B = 15.02 – 2.236 × 1.103
B = 12.55 m
Hence, section should have :
B = 12.55 m
y = 1.103 m
1
S =
3425
Sol. 5(a)
S2
S1
S
H2
H1
r1
r2
ER
Given that Q = 0.1 m3/sec
d = 0.5 m
at r1 = 10 m, s1 = 10 m, r2 = 50 m, s2 = 5 m
(i) So, h1 = 150 – 10 = 140 m, h2 = 150 – 5 = 145 m
So, Q =T 
k h 22  h12 
r 
ln  2 
 r1 
AS
  k (145 2  140 2 )
 0.1 =
 50 
ln  
 10 
 k  3.59  10 5 m/ sec
M
(ii) For drawdown in well

k h 22  h12 
Q =
r 
ln  2 
S
 r1 
d 0.5
IE
take r1 = rw = = = 0.25 m
2 2
 50 
0.1 ln  
  0.25  = 145 2  h2
w
  3.59  10 5
 hw = 127.77 m
So, draw down in well = 150 – 127.77
s w  22.22 m
Sol. 5(b)
Slow sand filter Rapid sand filter

Mechanism of removal  In Slow sand filter, filtering action  In the case of rapid sand filter,
of impurity mostly takes place at or near the size of sand particles are
surface of the sand. At the surface a large. Thus impurities can
layer (schmutzdecke) rapidly builds penetrate deep inside the sand
up due to biological metabolism of layer and hence the impurities
organic impurities into harmless are captured throughout the
compounds. This layer further helps bed.
in absorbing and straining out the
impurities.
Cleaning Process  Scrapping and removing the top  Agitating the sand grains and
1.5 to 3 cm thick layer, and washing back washing with or without
ER
down by hoses. compressed air.
 Laborious method  Short and easy method.
 Very efficient in removing bacteria  Less efficient in removing

Effluent Quality (98 to 99 percent) but less efficient bacteria (80 to 90 percent) but
in removing colour. very efficient in removing colour.
 Almost pure water is obtained.  Disinfection is a must and some
T
However, it may be disinfected
slightly to make it completely safe.
 Overall turbidity removal in these
other miscellaneous treatments
may be given if needed.
AS
 Overall turbidity removal in these
filters using plain sedimentation is filters using coagulation sedimen-
low. tation is high.
Base Material  It is relatively shallow and depth  It is deeper and depth varies from
varies from 30 to 75 cm. 60 to 90 cm.
Bed Size  Surface area is large, it varies from  Surface area is small, it varies
M
100 to 2000 m2 or more. from 10 to 80 m2.
Sol.5(c) Factor influencing compaction of soil in the field are as follows:

(1) Moisture content :
S
There are two theories to explain the effect of moisture content:

(i) Lubrication Theory :
IE
 At low water content, soil is stiff and offers more resistance to compaction. As moisture content
increases, a film of water surrounds the soil particles and which tends to lubricate the particles and
make them easier to be worked around, hence they come more closer and become dense.
 This phenomenon occurs upto OMC beyond which water starts occupying the space previously
occupied by soil solids. As w< s, dry unit weight decreases.
(ii) Lambe’s Explanation :
It makes use of electrical double layer theory according to which at lower water content, the double layer
is not fully developed. As a result attractive Vander waal forces dominates and hence net force between
two soil particles is attractive. This makes it difficult for particles to move closer when compactive effort
is applied and a lower dry unit weight results.
As the water content increases, double layer expands and repulsive forces increase. The particles can
easily slide over one another and get packed more easily resulting into higher dry density. Dry density
goes on increasing till OMC beyond which same phenomenon occurs as explained in lubrication theory.
(2) Compactive Effort : 80% sat line
 For a given type of compaction, the higher the Zero air void line
compactive effort, the higher the maximum dry unit
weight and lower is the OMC. As shown in figure,
the compaction curve shifts to the top and to the d 2
left when compactive effort is increased.
 If large compactive effort is applied on wet side of 1
optimum, density will not increase significantly. But
increases significantly on dry side of optimum.
OMC2 OMC1
However, this margin of increase goes on decreasing
with increasing compactive effort. Curve-1  Lower compactive effort,
Curve-2  Large compactive effort
(3) Type of Soil :
ER
GW
 Coarse grained soil if well graded is compacted to high d d
especially if they contain some fines. However, if the quantity SW
of fines is excessive, d decreases. ML
 Poorly graded or uniform sand lead to lowest dry unit weight CL
values.
CH
 In clay soil, maximum dry unit weight tend to decrease as
plasticity increases.
T
 Heavy clay with high plasticity has very low dry unit weight Optimum moisture
SP
AS
and very high OMC. content (OMC)
 For purely cohesion less sands.
 Initially  d decreases with increases in water content (this is due to capillary tension). This
phenomenon is known as bulking of sand.
M
 Minimum dry density, d (or maximum bulking) occurs at a water content of 4 to 5%.
 With increase in water content, d begins to increase as the menisci are broken and the particles
are able to move and adopt a closer packing.
 The maximum dry unit weight results when the soil is fully saturated.
 As the water content is increased further, there is a fall in dry unit weight again.
S
IE
Air dry
Dry density
Complete saturation
4 – 5%
Water content
Typical compaction curve for cohesion less sands.
(4) Method of compaction used in the field.
Several methods are used for compaction of soil in field. The choice of method will depend upon the soil
type, the maximum dry density required and economic consideration. Some of the commonly used
conventional methods are listed below :
(a) Tampers
(b) Rollers
They may be further of types :
(i) Smooth–Wheel rollers.
(ii) Pneumatic–tyred rollers
(iii) Sheep–foot rollers
(c) Vibratory compactors :
Some other methods of compactions are also listed below :
(a) Vibro Floatation method
(b) Tera Probe method
(c) Compaction by Pounding
(d) Compaction piles.
(e) Compaction by explosives.
ER
Sol. 6. (a) y
10 10
For ISA 100 × 75 × 10
Ixx = 160.4 × 104 mm4 ISA 100 × 75 × 10
4 4
Iyy = 76.9 × 10 mm
Cxx = 31.9 mm
Cyy = 19.5 mm
T x
Cxx = 31.9
100
x
AS
r xx = 31.2 mm
r yy = 21.6 mm
75 y 75
A = 1650 mm2
Iycombi = 2 Iyy  aC2yy  = 2[76.9 × 104 + 1650 (19.5) 2]

 
M
= 279.28 × 104 mm4
Ixcombi = 2 Ixx = 2 × 160.4 × 104 = 320.8 × 104 mm4.

S
A combi = 2 × 1650 = 3300 mm2
rxcombi = r xx = 31.2 mm.

IE
279.28  104
rycombi = Iycombi / A = = 29.09 mm.
3300
 r min = rycombi = 29.09 mm.
(i) For discontinuous strut

Effective Length = l = L = 2.5 m = 2500 mm. Allowable compressive stress
= 0.8 ac
l 2500
 = r =  85.94
min 29.09
5.94
 ac = 101 – (101 – 90) = 94.47 N/mm2
10
 Permissible stress = 0.8 ac = 0.8 × 94.47 = 75.576 N/mm 2
 Allowable load = P = A .ac = 3300 × 75.576 × 10–3 = 249.4 kN
(ii) For continuous strut : l = 0.7 to 0.85 L

Taking l = 0.85, L = 0.85 × 2500 = 2125 mm.
l 2125
 = r =
29.09
= 73.05
min
3.05
 ac = 112 – 112 – 101  = 108.65 N/mm2
10
P = 3300 × 108.65 × 10–3 = 358.55 kN
ER
Sol. 6(b) As beam BC is connected with rest of the structure with roller which can not transfer bending moment.
Consider equilibrium of part BC.
4 kN/m
RB + RC = 4 × 4
Taking moment point C RB

4m RC
RB × 4 – 4 × 4 ×
RB = 8 kN
4
2
= 0 T 4 kN/m M
AS
 RC = 8 kN 8 kN x
2
 4x 
B.M at point x distance from B =  8x  
 2 
2
B.M at mid point = 8 × 2 – 4 × 2 × = 8 kN-m
2
M
B.M diagram for part BC:

8 kN-m
S
B C
Shear force diagram part BC:
IE
8 kN 8 kN
Shear force at point x distance from B = (8 – 4x)d

8 kN
B C
8 kN
Now consider equilibrium of part AB

2 kN 8 kN
A
E B
1m
3m
B.M at point x distance from B = –8x – 2 (x – 2)
2 kN 8 kN
B
x
B.M at point E = – 8 × 2 = – 16 kN-m
B.M at point A = – 8 × 3 – 2 × 1 = – 26 kN-m
Bending moment diagram for part AB

A B
ER
E
–16 kN-m
–26 kN-m
S.F diagram for part AB
T 10 kN
8 kN V
8 kN
AS
A B V = 8 kN
Part CD is similar to part AB in terms of loading hence,

B.M diagram for part CD
M
F
C D
–16
S
–26 kN-m
S.F diagram for pass CD

IE
F D
C
–8 kN
–10 kN
B.M diagram for whole beam
8 kN/m
E F
B C
–16 kN-m –16
–26 kN-m –26 kN-m
S.F diagram for whole beam
10 kN
8 kN
F
D
A E B C
– 8 kN
–10 kN
Sol. 6(c) B = 6m; h = 4 cm; D = 1.3 m
Lap length, L = 0.02 h2  Dh
L = 0.02  42  1.3  4
ER
L = 0.092 m
2
13 B  L 
Extra widening (d) =
R
2
13  6  0.092 
d =
450
T d = 1.072 cm.
Extra widening of gauge on curve = 1.072cm.
AS
M
S
IE

CESSCJEETEST 7 (FL 1) (Solutions) - Final 1575726131018

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

CESSCJEETEST 7 (FL 1) (Solutions) - Final 1575726131018

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CE (Full-length-1), SSC JE Mains Test Series | 7/12/ 2019 (1)

Sol. 1(a) Data given :

Oxygen deficit at time ‘t’, Dt = 10 K Dt  10KR t   D0 10 KR t

i.e. t = 56823.53 sec.

4. WMM roads are constructed at the fast rate.

quundisturbed 2cu cu 58.946

Sol1 (d) Given:

 D2 = 17.31 mm ... (2)

Property Flexible pavement Rigid Pavement

charts or equations. analysed using the elastic theory.

Length of 1 division = 2mm

 Sensitivity =  206265 seconds

Sol.2(c) Five steps involved in the setting up of a theodolite are:

B. Setting time test

E. Heat of hydration test

1. Cement mainly consists of lime, silica, alumina and iron oxide.

 Column to be designed as short column

Volume of spiral reinforcement  A f

where, Asc = Area of steel

Let us adopt, dia. of spiral as 6 mm

Volume of core (Vc )

= 320 – 6 = 314 mm2

= 1.037 × 106 N 600mm

 Tensile force, T = 0.87f yAst = 1.418 × 106 N

(i) We can use cement with low heat of hydration.

(iv) Externally ice bags can be used to reduce temperature.

Given : V1  90 m / s , u = 40 m/s, 2  160 , K = 0.9

(a) Velocity triangle at inlet (b) Outlet Velocity Triangle

Since K = 0.9, relative velocity Vr2 = 0.9v r1 = 0.9  V1  u 

vr2 = 0.9  (90  40) = 45m /s

Vf2 = V2 sin 2  Vr2 sin 2

Vu2 = V2 cos 2  Vr2 cos 2  u

Vu2 = 45cos 20  40  2.29 m /s

tan 2 = V  2.29  6.72

Angle 2 = 81.537°

 15.02 = B + 2.236 y ... (ii)

1.736y2 – 15.02 y + 14.45 = 0

(ii) For drawdown in well

Slow sand filter Rapid sand filter

 Very efficient in removing bacteria  Less efficient in removing

100 to 2000 m2 or more. from 10 to 80 m2.

Sol.5(c) Factor influencing compaction of soil in the field are as follows:

There are two theories to explain the effect of moisture content:

(2) Compactive Effort : 80% sat line

 For purely cohesion less sands.

Iycombi = 2 Iyy  aC2yy  = 2[76.9 × 104 + 1650 (19.5) 2]

= 279.28 × 104 mm4

Ixcombi = 2 Ixx = 2 × 160.4 × 104 = 320.8 × 104 mm4.

A combi = 2 × 1650 = 3300 mm2

rxcombi = r xx = 31.2 mm.

 r min = rycombi = 29.09 mm.

(i) For discontinuous strut

 Permissible stress = 0.8 ac = 0.8 × 94.47 = 75.576 N/mm 2

 Allowable load = P = A .ac = 3300 × 75.576 × 10–3 = 249.4 kN

(ii) For continuous strut : l = 0.7 to 0.85 L

Taking moment point C RB

B.M diagram for part BC:

Shear force at point x distance from B = (8 – 4x)d

Now consider equilibrium of part AB

Bending moment diagram for part AB

Part CD is similar to part AB in terms of loading hence,

S.F diagram for pass CD

B.M diagram for whole beam