Unit VI Slabs

One way slabs

Effective span: Two-way slabs: ly/lx< 2
S Support: C/C of supports or Clear span + eff. depth whichever is less R Both sides main reinforcement
Continuous: - do - [ if support width < 1/12 && <600 ] V For two way slabs the ratio of 1/d ( 1 < 3.5 m & loading class < 3 kN/m2)
Cantilever: Lc + d/2 [Lc + bsup/2 -> continuous beam] SS-28 ; continuous-32
Loads : IS 875 R
BM Coefficients for continuous beams ans slabs Kl Middle strip = 0.75 x width
WdxL2/12+ WdxL2/16+ Edge strips : provide min tension reinforcement
WlxL2/10 WlxL2/12-» ^ P Two way slabsa re designed by Pigeaurd or Wester-guard 's theory, in LSD it
W h L2/10+ W( > L2/12+ r may be by Johansen's yield line theory.
W X .2/9 Wl X L2/9-» a
SF Coefficients for continuous beams s
3> a
0.4Wd 0.6Wd+ 0.55Wd O.SWd d
0.45WI 0.65WI 0.6WI 0.6WI- •
Limits for vertical defi e ction : I/d < C kb kc k d ke Detaining of Reinforcement: 50% ->> 0.301

C = 7 for cantilever, 20 for SS,and26 for Continuous !> 0.151

Kl
Modification factors depends on:
If spans > 10m, kb = 10/span D
kc depends on stress in tension reinforcement [=1 for balanced Fe415 ] Kl
kd depends on % Asc [ may be up to 1.5 for 3% ]
C ; < 0.251
ke depends on bw/bf [ may be up to 0.7 for bw/bf-> 0]
Curtailment of tension reinforcement: E
i) Extended up to LO beyond theoretical cut-off
ii) Shear at cut -off < 2/3 TC N Torsion rein (corners held down): lx/5 in 4 layers with each layer 75% Ast +
iii) In SS beams at least 1/3 +ve moment reinforcement extended along the
same face into support to a length of Id/3 (1 /4 ast in continuous) a No torsional reinforcement if it it is continuous both sides ( Half the reint if it
iii) For -ve moment reint. at least 1/3 -ve reint extended by Lo or 1/16 is continuous on only one side)
g In SS Two way slabs 50 % Ast + extended to support and remaining extended
Nominal cover may be reduced by 5 mm if <J> < 12 mm
Max spacing: P within Ix/lOor ly/10
i) main steel 3d or 300 ii) dist steel 5d or 450 u
Min area of tensile reint = (0.85/fy) bd [ for Fe 415 ^ 0.205% ] r Initial proportioning of SLABS: , S S , d = l / 2 6 ; Cantilever d = 1/12
Min area of steel in slabs = 0.0012 bD
Continuous , d = 1/32 ; Two way slabs, d = 1/40

l|Page R V R K Prasad, K D K C o l l e g e of Engineering, Nagpur

Question 1; Design a one way slab for a clear span of 2.5 m with 230 R 8. Shear for Shear
mm support width. The slab carries live load of 2.0 kN/m2. Finishes Shear stress, TV = Vu/bd = 9,680/( 1 000x8 1 ) = 0. 1 2 N/mm2
V Percentage of steel, p = 100 Ast/bd = 100x226.8 /(1 000x81)= 0.28%
are 0.5 kN/m2. Use M 20 grade concrete and Fe 415 steel. Draw neat
reinforcement sketch. R 0.25% - 0.36
0.50% -0.48
K
Solution : TC = 0.28% -> 1.3{ 0.36 +(0.12/0.25)x0.03 }=0.487 N/mm2.
1 . Assumption of dimensions: d * l/20k « (2500+1 00)/( 20x 1 .6) = 8 1 TV < TC -
P 9. Check for deflection: 1/d < 20 k
Sayd = 81 a n d D = 81 +15 + 8/2= 100mm
2. Effective span r k =1.5 -> 20k = 30
c/c of supports = 2.5+0.23 = 2.73 m a 1/d = 258 1/8 1 = 3 1 .86 > 30 ; hence unsafe
Clear span + d = Lc + d = 2.5 + 0.081 =2.581 m Required depth, d = 2581/30 = 86 mm
Effective span = 2. 581 m s D = 86 + 19 =105 mm.
3. Loading: Designing for unit width a 10. Check bond
Selfwt = (lxlx0.10)25=2.5 kN/m2 Development length, Id = (j>(0.87fy)/4Tbd = #0.87x4 15)/(4x 1.6x1. 2)
Finishes = 0.5 kN/m2 d
Superimposed load = 2. 0 kN/m2 Ld/3 = 376/3 = 125 mm > 230 mm
Total , w= 5 kN/m2 Flexural bond: Ld < 1.3 Ml/V + LO. Assuming the ends of reinforcement
Design load, wu = 1.5 x 5 = 7.5 kN/m2s 7.5 kN/m are not confined by compressive reaction. Ld < Ml/V + LO
4. Calculation of BM & SF K Bent up alternate bars @ < 0. 1 5 I from support
Max BM , Mu = wu x !2/8 - 7.5x 2.5812/8= 6.245 kNm / m Ml * Mu/2 =6.245/2 = 3.1225 kNm
Max SF, Vu = wu x I/ 2 = 7.5 x 2.581/ 2 = 9.68 kN / m
D
LO = 1 2(|> or d (greater) 1 2<(> = 96 or 86 ; LO = 96
5. Computation of effective depth, d =V(M/Qb) =V(6.245xl06/2.76xlOOO) K LO-3.1225xl06/9.68xl03 + 96=418»376 Safe
= 48 mm <81 mm Safe C
[MR = C x jd = 0.36 fck b xc x (d-0.42 xc) = 0.138fck bd 2 ] . Reinforcement Detailing
f • c 0.5 /eft -
E
6. Area of reinforcement, Ast = 1- il —
/y [ ^ fckbd2
N r~ ~1
10
1- 1-
4.6 x 6.245 xlO6
1000x81 = 226.8mm2 a n O\10 0 O O O O O / O 0
415 20 x 1000 x 812
t *
Min Ast in slabs in either direction =0.0012 bD (26.5.2) g
u 2 581 m
= 0.0012 x 1000 x 81 = 97.2 mm2 P 2 C
Try 8 mm <J>, spacing =1000 x 50.25 / 226.8 =221 c/c-> provide @200 mmc/ u
Max spacing = 3 x 81 = 243 or 300 mm OK
7. Distribution Steel r
Provide nominal reinforcement OfO. 12% GCA = 97.2 mm2
Try 6mm4>, spacing = 1000 x 28.25 /97.2 =293 c/c -> provide @ 250 c/c
Max spacing : 5 x 81 -405 or 450 mm OK

2|Page R V R K Prasad, K D K C o l l e g e of Engineering, Nagpur

Question 2: Design a one way slab for car porch having a clear span R 8. Check for Shear
of 4 m with 250 mm support width. The slab carries live load of 3.0 Shear stress, TV = Vu/bd = 24,800/( 1000x140) = 0.18 N/mm2
V < k 0.28 MPa
kN/m2. Finishes are 1.0 kN/m2. Use M 20 grade concrete and Fe 415
steel. Draw neat reinforcement sketch. R Safe
9. Check for deflection: 1/d < 20 k
M p = 100 x 555/1000/140 = 0.4%
Solution :
1. Assumption of dimensions: d * l/20k = 4100/( 20x1.5) * 136.6 k =1.35-> 20k = 27
Say d = 140 and D = 140 +20 = 160 mm
P 1/d = 4140/140 = 29.6 > 27; hence unsafe
2. Effective span r Required depth, d = 4140 / 27 = 153.3 mm
c/c of supports = 4.0+0.25 = 4.253 m 0=155 + 20= 175mm.
a 10. Check bond
Clear span + d = Lc + d = 4 + 0.14 = 4.14m
Effective span -4. 14 m s Development length, Id = <|>(0.87ry)/4Tbd = <}>(0.87x415)/(4xl.6xl.2)
3. Loading: Designing for unit width a = 47<|> = 47x10 = 470 mm
Self wt = (IxlxO. 16)25=4.0 kN/m2 Ld/3 = 470/3 = 157 mm > 250 mm
Finishes = 1 .0 kN/m2 d Flexural bond:
Superimposed load = 3. 0 kN/m2 Assuming the ends of reinforcement are not confined by compressive
Total , w= 8 kN/m2 reaction. Ld < Ml/V + LO
Design load, wu = 1 . 5 x 8 = 12 kN/m2 = 12 kN/m Bent up alternate bars @ < 0.15 I from support
4. Calculation of BM & SF Kl Ml « Mu/2 =25.7 /2 = 12.85 kNm
Max BM , Mu = wu x !2/8 = 12x 4.142/8= 25.7 kNm / m LO = 12<t> or d (greater) 12<|> = 120 or 155 ; LO = 155
D Ml/V + LO=12.85xl0 6 /24.8xl0 3 + 155=673 > 470 Safe
Max SF, Vu = wu x I/ 2 = 12 x 4.14/ 2 = 24.8 kN / m
5. Computation of effective depth, d =V(M/Qb) =V(25.7xl0 6 /2.76xlOOO) Kl
= 96.5mm< 140mm Safe [Q = 0.138 fck for Fe 415] 11. Reinforcement Detailing
C

~\1
f . e 4.6 Mu ,
6. Area of reinforcement, Ast = 1— 1 bd
fy [ d2- E
ro n
10 4.6x25.7xl0 6 N n o o o o n n o / /*
o Q
1- 1- 1000x140 = 555mm2
415 20 x 1000 x 1402 Ai 4
a
Min Ast in slabs in either direction =0.0012 bD (26.5.2) sj
"> SSI m
= 0.0012 x 1000 x 140 = 168 mm2 g
Try 10 mm <t>, spacing =1000 x 78.5 / 555 =141 c/c-» provide @125mmc/c P
b'2 d /2

Max spacing = 3 x 140 or 300 mm OK u

7. Distribution Steel
Provide nominal reinforcement Of 0.12% GCA = 168 mm2 r
Try 6mm<f), spacing = 1000 x 28.25 /168 =168.2 c/c -> provide @ 150 c/c
Max spacing : 5 x 140 or 450 mm OK

3|Page R V R K Prasad, K D K College of Engineering, Nagpur

Question 3: Design a chajja having a clear projection of 1. 2 m from R 9. Check for Shear
the 230 mm lintel of a window. Use M 20 and Fe415 Shear stress, TV = 9,370/(1000xl20) = 0.08 N/mm2 < k 0.28 MPa OK
V 10. Check for deflection: I/d < 20 k
Solution : R p = 100x145.9/1000/120 = 0.12%-> k=2-»7k=!4
1. Assumption of dimensions: d « l / 7 k = (1200+115)/( 7x1.5) « 114 l/d= 1315/120= 11 « 14; hence Safe
K
Say d = 120 and D = 140 mm
2. Effective span 11. Check bond
le = Clear span + d = Lc + S/2 = 1.2 + 0.23/2 = 1.315 m [ * Lc + d/2 ]
P i) Anchorage bond:
r Development length, Id = <|)(0.87fy)/4Tbd = $(0.87x415)/(4x 1.6x1.2)
3. Loading: Designing for unit width = 47<j) = 47x8 = 376 mm < 230 mm
a Provide 376 -{230 + 100) = 50 mm as shown
Selfwt = (lxlx0.14)25=3.5 kN/m2
Assume Finishes = 0.5 kN/m2 s ii) Flexural bond:
Superimposed load = 0. 75 kN/m2 [ Minimum ] a Assuming the ends of reinforcement are confined by compressive reaction.
Total, w= 4.75 kN/m2 Ld< 1.3M1/V + LO
Design/factored/.ultimate load, wu = 1.5 x 4.75 = 7.125 kN/m2 d Ml *Mu=6.16kNm
LO = 12<J> or d (greater) 12<j> = 96 or 120 ; LO = 120
4. Calculation of B M & S F M1/V + LO=1.3 {6.16xl0 6 /9.37xl0 3 } + 120=974 > 376 Safe
M a x B M , M u = w u x l 2 / 2 = 7.125x 1.3152/2=6.16 kNm / m
MaxSF, Vu = w u x l / = 7.125 x 1.315 = 9.37 kN / m KJ 12. Reinforcement Detailing
5. Computation of effective depth, d =V(M/Qb) =V(6.16x] 0*72.76x1000)
= 47.2 mm <« 120 mm Safe [Deflection]
D
REDUCE depth at free end to 80 mm H
6. Area of reinforcement, Ast =
0.5 fck
i- n- fck4.6 bMud bd C
fy 2
E
10 k6x6.16x!0 6
1000x120 = 145.9mm2
415 20 x 1000x 1202 N
Min Ast in slabs in either direction = 0.0012x1000 x 140 = 168 mm2 a
Try 8 mm $, spacing =1000 x 50.25 /145.9 =344 c/c-> provide @250mmc/c
Max spacing = 3 x 140 or 300 mm OK g
P
7. Curtail alternate bar @ .71 from free end u
0.7(1350)-120 = 825 mm say 800 mm

8. Distribution Steel
Provide nominal reinforcement OfO. 12%GCA = 168 mm2
Try 6mm<t). spacing = 1000 x 28.25/168 =168.2 c/c -> provide® 150 c/c
Max spacing : 5 x 140 or 450 mm OK
4|Page R V R K Prasad, K D K C o l l e g e of Engineering, Nagpur
Question 4: Design main reinl"orcement for a continuous slab for the R Astmin# =0.0012 x 1000 x 100=120 mm2
following data: No of spans - 3; Each span length is 3.5 m c/c
V 10 4.6xl0.872xl0 6
Live load 3 kN/m2. M-20 & Fe-500. Detail the reinforcement A?t-+ — 1 1 mnni-mn — T?° i
R Ast 415 1 J 1 20 x 1000 x 1002 100°A 10° 3"'}
Solution : K Try 8 mm fy, spacing =1000 x 50.25 / 322.9 =1 55 c/c-» provide @150mmc/c
1. Assumption of dimensions: d al/26k= 3500/(26xl. 5)* 89 t Max spacing = 3 x 140 or 300 mm OK
Say d - 100 and D - 120
2. Effective span P 1-t- 10 i /i 4 - 6xl2 ' 556xl ° 6 1000-100 i^c
Ast 415 l V 20X1000X100 2 1 U U U A 1 U U *n^
le - Lc + d ( Lc not known) { Assuming, bsup = 1/12} r Providing at the same spacing as that of +ve reinforcement, such that
i
3. Loading: Designing for unit width a alternate bar of mid soan reinforcement can be bent nun
Asf ve bal = 377.5 - 322.9/2 = 216.05 mm2
Selfwt = (lxlx0.12)25=3.0 kN/m2 s Spacing of extra tops = 2 x 1 50 = 300 mm c/c
Assume a nominal finish = 0.5 kN/m2 a Dia of extra top required: 300 =1000 x ast / 216.05
Superimposed load = 3 . 0 kN/m2
d ast = 64.96 ->• (|>=10mm ' ~
Factored DL, wd =1.5(3+().5) = 5.25 kN/m 2 = 5.25 kN/m
Factored LL, wL = 1.5 x 3 == 4.5 kN/m 2 = 4.5 kN/m *-' *" .. ••? '
7. Distribution Steel
4. Calculation of maximum B1V [ 1 = 3.5 m ]
End Span Intermediate span Trv 6mmA snarino — IHrtO \8 9*5 /IfiX — 91S r/r —v nmvi'Hp fa) 700 r/r
Mid-span—> wd / 2 /12 - K Max spacing : 5 x 140 or 450 mm OK
Sagging +Ve 5.25 / 2 /12 + 4.5/ 2 /10 5.25/2/16 + 4.5 / 2 /12 8. Reinforcement Detailing
10.872 kNm 8.613 kNm D
Support-* wd I 2 / 10 + wl / 2 /9 K
\O\J L\ 1 O/O «A M O~
hogging -Ve 5.25 / 2 /10 + 4.5/ 2 /9 5.25 /2/12 + 4.5 / 2 /9 C n \ n o o / o o V > n o / O n n o n
12.556 kNm 11. 484 kNm
E <b.i5|i ^Q^ll4 A

~T^K613 N
3^2l^-^^12 55S/7 \\4
L a
g i ' ' '
i \ \ \ /
T i Jt * *

P
^
5. Computation of effective depth. d =V(M/Qb =V(12.556xl0 6 /2.76xlOOO) u
o / mm < l uu mm a afe i i i i
r
0.5 fck L 1. 4.6MU 1 . .
6. Area of reinforcement, Ast
ry I1 ^ , rt »H M 1 ' .
** Providing Reinforcement for a Hogging BM of 12.556 kNm & a Sagging »
Moment of 10.872 kNm in all the spans

5|Page R V R K Prasad, K D K C o l l e g e of Engineering, Nagpur

Question 5: : R i) Reinforcement in the middle strip
Design a Slab panel using M-20 & Fe 500 over a 4.2 x 5m hall Ast Shorter span, Ix = 4.3m Longer span, ly =5. 1m
supported on 230 mm thick walls all around. It carries a superimposed
V Midspan Ast =251 mm2 Ast=196mm2
load of 3.25kN/m2 and floor finish of 0.75 kN/m2. Assume two R Sagging Provide 8 mm(j> Provide 8 mm<J)
adjacent edges of slab are continuous. Sketch the reinforcement details +VeBM Spacing =1000x507251 =199 Spacing = 1000x507196=255
K
Provide 8<|> @ 175c7c Provide 8<j> @ 225 c7c
Solution : Support Ast =342 mm2 Ast =268 mm2d
P hogging Ast,bal = 342-25172 =217 mm2 Ast,bal = 268-19672 =170 mm2
1. Assumption of dimensions: d * l/32k = (4200+100)/( 32x1.5) « 89
Say d = 100 and D = 120 r -VeBM Spacing, 350 - 1000xast/217 Spacing, 450 = 1000xast7170
2. Effective span a ast =76-»10<t> Extra tops ast =77-^10(j) Extra tops
Effective shorter span, Ix = Lc + d = 4.2+0.1 = 4.3m d for calculation of Ast in the longer span may be taken as 100 - 8 = 92 mm
Effective longer span, ly = Lc + d = 5+0.1 = 5.1m s ii) Reinforcement in the Edge strip:
ly/lx = 5.1 74.3 = 1.186 < 2 Two way slab a Spacing of 8 mm<t> = 1000 x 50 7120 = 416 mm c7c (Max spacing = 3d 7 300)
Provide 8<f> @ 300 c7c
3. Loading: Designing for unit width d Bent up alternate bar and Provide extra tops of 8<j> @ 600 c7c "" ," • -
Self wt = (1x1x0.12)25=3.0 kN7m2
Floor finish = 0.75 kN7m2 7. Torsional Reinforcement:
Superimposed load = 3.25 kN/m2 Provide at top and bottom of the corners in both directions, where the slab is
Total service 7 working load = 7 kN7m2 K simply supported up to a length of-> Ix 7 5 = 4.375 = 0.86 say 0.9m
Factored load, wu = 1.5 (7) = 10.5 kN7m2 « 10.5 kN7m Ast tor in each layer = 0.75 x Ast-max+ve = 0.75 x 251 =188 > 120
D
Spacing of 8<|> -> 1000 x50 7 188 =265 say 225 c7c (as, L = 900mm)
4. Calculation of maximum BM K For 50 % Reint. provide at 2 x 265 = 530 c7c provide @ 300c7c
ly/lx=1.186 Shorter span, Ix = 4.3m Longer span, ly =5. 1 m 8. Reinforcement Detailing
C
Midspan a w Ix2 a. w Ix2 — Torsional reinforcement
Sagging a = 0.04 + (0.005/0.1)0.086 0.035 x 10.5 x 4.32 E
+VeBM 0.0443 x 10.5 x 4.32 6.795 kNm 100 % 50% 50 %
8.6 kNm N Two adjacent
Support a w Ix2 a w Ix2 a edges of slab
hogging a = 0.053 + (0.007/0.1)0.086 0.047 x 10.5 X4.3 2 are continuous
-VeBM 0.059 x 10.5 X4.3 2 5.25/2/12 + 4.5 / 2 /9 g
11. 455 kNm 9. 125 kNm P
50% 0%
u 0%

5. Computation of effective depth, d =V(M7Qb) =V(11.455x10 6 72.76x 1000)

= 64 mm < 100 mm Safe
0.5 fck , ,, 4.6 Mu -
(S. Area of reinforcement, Ast = 1- 1 bd
fy fck b d2
A s t m i n = 0.0012 x 1000 \= 120 mm2
6|Page R V R K Prasad, K D K C o l l e g e of Engineering, Nagpur
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Winter 14
OR
Q(12)[13MJ:
Summer 15
Q (11) [ 13M ]: Design a cantilever slab projecting 1.5m from the face
of column. It carries a live load of 1.5 kN m2 and floor finish of 0.5kN
m . Adopt M-20 concrete & Fe-415 steel. Sketch the reinforcement
details.
OR
Q (12) [ 13M ]: Design a Slab panel for a hall size 4m X 5.5m
supported on 230 mm thick wall all around. The slab carries
superimposed load of 2.5kN m2 with floor finish of 0.75 kN/m2. Use
M-20 concrete and Fe-500 Steel. Assume two adjacent edges of slab
are continuous. Sketch the reinforcement details.
Winter 15
Q (11) [ 14M ]: Design a one way slab for a clear span of 4 m with
300 mm bearing. The slab carries live load of 3.5 kN/m2. Use M 20
grade concrete and Fe 415 steel. Draw neat reinforcement sketch.
OR
Q (12) [ 14M ]: Design a R.C. slab fora room measuring 6.5mX 5m c/c.
The slab is to be cast monolithically over the beams with corners held
down. The width of the supporting beams is 250 mm. The slab carriers
superimposed load 3.5 kN/mi. Use M 20 grade concrete and Fe 415
steel.
Draw neat reinforcement sketch.
Summer 16
Q (11) [ 14M ] : A simply supported slab of a corridor of a hospital
building has a clear span 2.5m and is supported on beams 230 mm width.
Design the slab carrying live load of 3 kN/rmand floor furnish load I
kN/m2. Use M20 concrete and MXSD Fe 415 steel
8|Page R V R K Prasad, K D K C o l l e g e of Engineering, Nagpur
OR
Q(12) [ 14M ]: Design a RCC slab for a room measuring 4m x6m. The
slab is simply supported on all the four edges with corners held down. It
carries a super imposed load of inclusive of floor finishes etc. Use M20
concrete and Fe 415 steel. 2 m /N6000
Winter 16
0 (11) [ I4M ]: Design a simply supported one-way slab over a clear
span of 3.5m. It carries a live load of 4kN m2 and floor finish of 2
1.5kN m . The width of supporting wall is 230mm. Adopt M-20
concrete & Fe-415 steel.
OR
Q (12) [ 14M ] : Design a R. C Slab for a room measuring 6.5m X 5m. '
The slab is cast monolithically over the beams with corners held down.
The width of the supporting beam is 230 mm. The slab carries
superimposed load of 4.5kN m2 . use M-20 concrete and Fe-500 Steel. ;
Summer 17
Q (11) [ 13M ]: Design main reinforcement for a continuous slab for the
following data:
No of spans = 3; Each span length is 3.5 m c/c
Live load 3 kN/m2. M-20 concrete and Fe-500 Steel'"
Sketch the reinforcement details.
OR
Q (12) [ 13M ] : Design a R. C Slab for a room measuring 3m X 4m.
The corners of slab are held down. The slab carries superimposed load
of 4.5kN m2 . use M-20 concrete and Fe-500 Steel.
*
*