VAGINAL

BLEEDING

Vaginal bleeding in pregnancy is any discharge of blood from the vagina

during pregnancy. It may affect as many as 40% of pregnant individuals.
Most frequently, it occurs during the first trimester of pregnancy,
meaning until week 12, but sometimes it can happen during the second or
third trimesters, or between weeks 13 and 27, and weeks 28 to 40,
respectively.
 PREMATURE
BABIES

Premature (also known as preterm) birth is when a baby is born too early,
before 37 weeks of pregnancy have been completed. The earlier a baby is
born, the higher the risk of death or serious disability. Preterm infants
sometimes develop life-threatening complications that require immediate
Neonatal ICU admission and management. The different degrees of
prematurity can be defined by gestational age and birth weight.
 ULTRASOUND

An ultrasound is an imaging test that uses sound waves to create a

picture (also known as a sonogram) of organs, tissues, and other
structures inside the body. Unlike x-rays, ultrasounds don’t use any
radiation. An ultrasound can also show parts of the body in motion,
such as a heart beating or blood flowing through blood vessels.
 BREECH
POSITION

Abnormal fetal presentations include breech presentation, which is when

the baby’s buttocks are the presenting part right above the cervix, rather
than their head. Of note, if breech presentation is detected during a
routine ultrasound performed between 28 and 36 weeks gestation,
external cephalic version should be tried first, before indicating a
cesarean delivery.