Automatic Voltage Regulator AVR100S Operation, Use and Maintenance Instructions

ABB
AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR
AVR100S
OPERATION, USE AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
ES950609
Issue/Revision Issued by: Viewed/checked by:
Issued on 07/29/95 A. Pitacco G. Singuaroli
ABB Industria SpA

Table of Contents
1. General Features of the AVR100S System
2. Composition of the Equipment
3. Power Unit
3.1 Chopper Stage
3.2 Field Contactor and Discharge Resistance
3.3 Short Circuit Holding
3.4 Pre-excitation Circuit
4. Regulation
4.1 Regulation Configuration
4.2 Description of the Automatic Regulator’s Functions
4.2.1 AD/DC Power Supply to the ALI1 Automatic Channel
4.2.2 Voltage Regulator and Stabilizer
4.2.3 Manual Regulator
4.2.4 Static Reference
4.2.5 Machine Voltage Conversion and Compound
4.2.6 Overexcitation Limit
4.2.7 Underexcitation Limit
4.2.8 Automatic/Manual Tracking Device and vice versa
4.3 Optional Functions
4.3.1 Constant Power Factor Operation
4.3.2 Regulation at Constant Power
4.3.3 Voltage Equalizing
4.3.4 Reaction Power Zero Setting
4.3.5 Gradual Energization of the Generator and/or the Mains
4.3.6 Volt/Hertz Limit
4.3.7 Electromechanical Oscillation Stabilizer
4.3.8 Start at Constant Current
4.3.9 Pre-excitation Circuit
4.3.10 Negative Ceiling Device
4.3.11 Stator Current Limit
4.3.12 DC/DC Power Supply to the ALI2 Manual Channel
4.3.13 Computer Static Reference Control
4.3.14 Computer cosϕ Reference Control
4.3.15 Overexcitation Limit in P/Q and Excitation Current
4.3.16 Second Step for Excitation Current Limit
5. Logics and Protections

5.1 Description of the Protections
5.1.1 Maximum Internal Current Protection
5.1.2 Regulator’s Maximum Ceiling Time Protection
5.1.3 Chopper Failure Protection
5.1.4 Short Circuit Protection and Rotating Diode Opening
5.1.5 Maximum External Current Protection
5.1.6 Rotor’s Earth Protection
6. Measures and Signals
7. Structure
7.1 Configuration of the Regulator
8. Electrical Features
8.1 Chopper Stage
9. Spare Parts
9.1 Spare Parts for Loose Rack
9.2 Spare Parts for Board Supplies
10. Block Diagrams
11. Drawings of the Overall Dimensions

11.1 Overall Drawing of the 19” Rack
11.2 Overall Drawing of the Standard Board
12. General Installation Procedure

12.1 Safety
12.2 Preliminary Controls
12.3 Initial Test with the Machine turned off
12.4 Inspections and Tests with no Load
12.5 Inspections and Tests in Parallel
13. Description of Signals and Alarms

13.1 Button Signals
13.2 Panel Signals
13.3 Signals available on Input Interface
13.4 Signals available on Output Interface
14. Regulation Rack

14.1 Regulator’s Configuration
14.2 Power Supplies’ Configuration
14.3 Chopper’s Configuration
14.4 Regulator’s Cards
14.4.1 VCRR Card
14.4.2 VCR Card
14.4.3 RCOS Card
14.4.4 PLT Card
14.4.5 PLT* Card
14.4.6 RCI Card
14.5 Card Setting Procedure
14.5.1 VCRR Card
14.5.2 VCR Card
14.5.3 RCOS Card
14.5.4 PLT Card
14.5.5 PLT* Card
14.5.6 RCI Card
15. Back Panel

15.1 Presettings on the Back Panel
15.2 Back Panel Settings
15.3 Terminal-Board Potentiometers
1. General Features of the AVR100S System
The main function of the regulator consists in energizing with continuous

voltage the field winding of coaxial exciting dynamos or those of Brushless
generators for synchronous machines. The electrical output must be
guaranteed in different operation modes: loadless, with load and also during
transient mains voltage states (e.g. short circuits).
The AVR100S system can be functionally divided into three basic units:
POWER SUPPLY, POWER, REGULATION. Auxiliary logic, protection,
measurement and signaling functions are also necessary.
The POWER SUPPLY is necessary for the correct operation of the internal
logic.
The POWER unit is considered to be the actuator for the transfer of energy to
the exciter’s field.
The REGULATION function is necessary in order to control the correct energy
output to the exciter operating under working conditions. Such control is
carried out through a series of main functions that can be briefly summed up
as follows:
- Regulating the voltage to the machine’s terminals and, when supplying
voltage in a net, regulating the reactive power rate.
- Guaranteeing the maintenance of optimum conditions (stability) of
energy supply in the net.
- Bringing the machine as fast as possible back to the operating
conditions prior to the occurrence of disturbances.
- Keeping the alternator within the foreseen operating field (“capability”).
- Guaranteeing the integrity of both the machine and the exciting system
under extreme conditions (shutdown or stop).
In order to suit the different system needs, the AVR100S regulator is available
in the following versions:
AVR100S-A: Automatic voltage regulator and manual current regulator,

potentiometric type, to be used exclusively in the testing phase.
Both a double power supply and a double chopper can be
implemented in order to make the system completely
redundant.
AVR100S-B: Automatic voltage regulator and manual current regulator (to be

used in the testing phase and/or in case of failure of the automatic
regulator) with tracking circuit. Both a double power supply
and a double chopper can be implemented in order to make the
system completely redundant.
AVR100S-C:Automatic voltage regulator and manual current regulator totally

independent (both in terms of power supply and of chopper) with
tracking circuit.
The power unit - usually made up of a single chopper - can be
configured with two redundant choppers with priority logic (100% cold
reserve). It is possible to have a chopper redundancy
without regulation channel switchover.
AVR100S-D: Totally independent double automatic voltage regulator and
tracking circuit.
A manual potentiometric regulator is also available, to be used in
the testing phase only.
The power unit is usually made up of a single chopper for each
channel. The channel switchover also entails the chopper
switchover.
2. Composition of the Equipment
The AVR100S regulator is composed of a 19” rack where Europe format

cards, DC/DC converters (for energy supply) and the power actuators are
inserted.
The cards are equipped with a front part indicating testing points, setting
elements and diagnosis LEDs.
The cards are inserted on a back panel by means of a connector.
External connections are achieved through a terminal board located in the
back part of the back panel.
The AVR100S regulator can be supplied also in the form of a board, therefore
equipped with exciting transformer, control and signal logics obtained by
means of suitable relays and measuring devices.
Overall dimensions of the 19”

rack:........................................................................... 84 [TE]
Overall dimensions of the standard
board:............................................834x834x2200 [mm]
3. Power Unit
The power unit is composed of:

- IGBT (inside the rack) chopper stage
The power unit can be made redundant through a suitable connection logic so
as to guarantee the operation continuity also in case a chopper fails. In such a
case an automatic switchover of the power unit takes place and this unit is
isolated thanks to a suitable contactor. The power unit is made up of two
choppers even when a complete separation of the channel is required.
3.1 Chopper Stage
The input voltage at the final actuation stage comes from a diode bridge that
turns the alternate voltage of the supply source into a continuous non-
stabilized voltage. The chopper stage shuts this continuous voltage so as to
supply the field with the suitable mean value of exciting voltage. The control
signal 0÷10 [V]DC from the regulation unit is directly sent to the chopper stage.
The latter is made up of an IGBT switch with suitable regulation and control - in
double Europe format - enclosed in a suitable metal protection and support
box. The chopper is inserted in the same 19” rack as the regulation. A
maximum of 2 choppers can be mounted in the same rack.
3.2 Field Contactor and Discharge Resistance
Due to operation factors or shutdown causes, for the operation of a

synchronous machine it is necessary to guarantee the rapid interruption of
field supply as well as the discharge of the accumulated magnetic energy. In
the chopper stage solution an electromechanical contactor is connected
which, while opening the supply circuit, at the same time inserts a discharge
resistance parallel to the winding. It is also possible to install a device for the
application of the negative ceiling function so as to accelerate the drop-out
phase of the machine both in case of emergency and upon load disconnection
and/or sudden decrease in the excitation current.
3.3 Short Circuit Holding
When the excitation system is derived from a transformer that is energized by

the machine standard, the generator cannot energize any type of short circuit
as its output voltage decreases and therefore the excitation system cannot
maintain suitable field current features. It is often necessary to hold the failure
for a relatively long time so as to allow for a selective operation of the
protection devices. At present the available protection devices (maximum
current with voltage control) ensure a suitable protection of the generator
together with a high selectivity of the system protections. In the case of short
circuits downstream the boosting transformer, the overcurrent protection
intervenes in the time range of 0,2÷0,3 [s]. In these cases it is useless to
implement an auxiliary source as the residual voltage of the generator after
0,2÷0,3 [s] is still enough to suitably keep the chopper stage energized. In
case of failure downstream the boosting transformer with other interposed
reactors (e.g. transformers energizing different loads), a longer time may be
needed as the voltage drop is even smaller. Therefore, the short circuit
holding is generally ensured for the operating time of the normal protection
devices thanks to the rapid response of the exciter. Where a longer short
circuit holding is required, it is necessary to implement an auxiliary source. In
the configurations where the energization is derived from the machine
standard, a back-up battery or another auxiliary source can be used to
guarantee - within the voltage limits of the battery itself - enough excitation
voltage or field current to allow the generator to maintain such operating
conditions as to guarantee the operation of the protection devices. In the
configuration with energization from the machine standard the machine
voltage might decrease to a value that is no longer sufficient to guarantee a
suitable supply voltage to the chopper in the failure phase.
3.4 Pre-excitation Circuit
In order to allow for the system self-excitation - when the system is energized
by the machine standard - it is necessary to have - for a short time (3÷10 [s]) -
an auxiliary excitation source available (usually the central battery or a three-
phase or single-phase supply system through matching transformer and diode
rectifying bridge). An electronic logic provides for the machine excitation
through the connection of the pre-excitation circuit and for the automatic
switch-off when the alternator voltage reaches a value of approximately 70%
VMN. If within a given period of time the system does not get self-excited, the
excitation shut-down command is sent. The value of the current and of the
time that are necessary for pre-excitation are established according to the
features of the machine and are communicated in order to allow for a correct
cable and battery sizing.
4. Regulation
The regulation’s aim consists in maintaining the generator’s voltage within the
values required by the operating conditions of the machine.
Changes in the excitation current are obtained by intervening on the output
continuous voltage or by acting on the duty cycle of the final chopper stage.
The feedback signals that allow the regulation to work are gathered by means
of two “V”-connected Tvs (Vg/100-120 [V] - min. 20 [VA] and of two machine
TAs (Ig/5-1 [A] - min. 10 [VA]) (R and T phases).
Suitable field signal de-coupling transformers are already implemented in the
same regulation rack.
4.1 Regulation Configuration
The AVR100S regulator is equipped with automatic voltage regulation which -

when the operating conditions vary - keeps the machine voltage value equal
to the pre-set value. The AVR100S regulator is available in four different
regulation configurations classified as follows:
AVR100S-A: Automatic voltage regulator and manual current regulator,

potentiometric type, to be used exclusively in
the testing phase.
The main elements of the regulation rings are:
- automatic regulator:
* Voltage regulator and stabilizer
* Static voltage reference
* Voltage transducer and compound
* Overexcitation limit
* Underexcitation limit
* P and Q conversion
* Maximum current protection
* Excitation current conversion
- manual regulator:
* reference signal through a multiple revolution potentiometer that can be
manually
controlled on the front board.
* Current regulator
* Maximum current regulator
The control signal to the chopper of the two channels gathers in a single
route.
AVR100S-B: Automatic voltage regulator and manual current regulator (to be

used in the testing phase and/or in case of failure of the automatic
regulator).
- manual regulator:
* Static current reference
* Current regulator
In the case of the single-chopper configuration, the control signal to the

chopper is sent on a single route. The signal can be sent through two
separate choppers if the power unit is to be made redundant. A suitable
tracking circuit between the two regulators guarantees the switchover
between the two without any disturbance to the system.
AVR100S-C: Totally independent automatic voltage regulator and manual

current regulator (both in terms of current supply and of
chopper) with tracking circuit.
The power unit - usually made up of a single chopper - can be
configured with two redundant choppers with priority logic (100% cold
reserve). Also the power supply systems are independent: one for
each channel is foreseen in order to allow to service the system
while operating. It is also possible to have a totally
independent excitation current conversion system: a
transducer for each channel.
- manual regulator:
* Static current reference
* Current regulator
A suitable tracking system between the two regulators guarantees the

switchover between the two without any disturbance to the system.
AVR100S-D: Totally independent double automatic voltage regulator (master
and server).
A manual potentiometric regulator is also available, to be used in
the testing phase only.
The power unit of the single channel is usually made up of a
single chopper.
The main elements of each automatic regulation ring are:
A suitable tracking system between the two regulators guarantees the

switchover between the two without any disturbance to the system.
4.2 Description of the Automatic Regulator’s Functions
4.2.1 AD/DC Power Supply to the ALI1 Automatic Channel
It is made up of a switching power supply with 110 [V]DC or 220 [V]DC input
and +/- 24 [V]DC output for the energization of the automatic channel cards
present in the rack and of the management and alarm cards. This power
supply is also used for the manual channel if no separate and independent
power supply systems are required (serviceability during operation).
4.2.2 Voltage Regulator and Stabilizer
The conversions are carried out by means of Tvs and Tas.

The transformers for machine and mains voltages 100-120/20 [V] are
mounted directly on the back panel. The secondary of the machine currents
gets to the terminal board of the back panel (TAs from 5A or 1 A of primary
current can be used). For the excitation current a HALL-effect transducer
(outside the rack) is used. It is connected to the regulator by means of flat
cables. The voltage regulator receives the machine TV signals and amplifies
the differences between the reference voltage and the mean of the three-
phase voltage to the generator’s terminals. Therefore, the output signal is an
error signal proportional to the deviation between the required condition and
the real operating conditions. On top of this, the regulator receives at its input
a stabilization signal which is used to adjust the delays introduced by the
machine time constants and by the regulation constants. The stabilization
circuit allows to obtain a transfer function - set as an open ring - such as to
guarantee - when the ring is closed - the stability of the system made up of
the voltage regulator, the machine and the mains. The regulator’s time
constants can be adjusted to those of the machine and of the mains so as to
optimize the system performance. In the same card the different signals
coming from the voltage regulator and from any limiting or optional (signal
mixer) circuits are combined. The mixer is equipped with an adding circuit
which adds the input signals and gives an output signal equaling the negative
sum of the input values.
4.2.3 Manual Regulator
The peculiarity of this configuration consists in the regulation of current and

not of voltage.
The value of the excitation current is set, which the regulator shall keep
constant. This choice has been determined for the sake of simplicity and
reliability in the circuit. The operating range goes from 0 to 100% of the
nominal excitation current. In manual mode, the automatic regulator can be
aligned with the aid of the “increase” and “decrease” buttons on the static
reference, so as to avoid causing disturbances during the regulation channel
switchover request phase.
A synchronizing voltmeter on the outer panel of the exciter allows the operator
to display the alignment status of the two circuits. In the AVR100S-B and
AVR100S-C solutions this circuit is foreseen as a reserve for the automatic
regulator and allows to avoid “out of commission” statuses of the generator in
case of failure of the regulator itself. A suitable tracking circuit between the
two generators guarantees the switchover to manual mode without any
disturbance to the system.
4.2.4 Static Reference
The voltage static reference sends the voltage reference signal set through
the “increase-decrease” command to the regulator. The regulation range
varies from 80 to 110% of the machine nominal voltage. When used as
reference for the manual regulation ring, the regulation range varies from 0 to
100% of the nominal excitation current.
4.2.5 Machine Voltage Conversion and Compound
The purpose of this card consists in giving a signal proportional to the

machine voltage that can be compared with the voltage set of the static
reference. An adjustment action is also foreseen so as to modify the voltage
signals of the generator by a value proportional to the machine reactive
power. The adjustment range varies from 0 to ±23% when operating as a
generator and from 0 to -46% while operating as a motor.
4.2.6 Overexcitation Limit
This device is used to limit the intensity and duration of rotor current
overloads. The limit - by means of a suitable adjustment that allows to obtain
an operation curve that follows the curve of limit performance under
overexcitation (“capability”) - allows to avoid dangerous operations that might
cause the intervention of the protection devices. The limit is easily adjusted to
the “capability” curves through the adjustment of P and Q. The basic
parameters are:
- maximum value of reactive power
- starting point of the sloping straight line
- slope of the straight line
The overexcitation limit can also be determined by controlling the excitation
current. It is also possible to have both controls, a confirmation one and one in
order to reach the maximum system reliability through the redundancy of the
overexcitation limits. A possible external control for the insertion of the
second-level limit allows to further reduce the excitation current limit of the
machine to a pre-set level.
4.2.7 Underexcitation Limit
The aim of this limit consists in keeping the excitation current - while operating
in under-excitation mode - above the minimum values established by the
“capability” curves. If the current goes below such limits, a dangerous
overheating of the stator heads might occur due to the thickening of the
dispersed fluxes, as well as the loss of synchronism.
The limit - by means of a suitable setting that allows to obtain an operation
curve that approximately follows the curve of limit performance under
underexcitation - allows to avoid dangerous operations that might cause the
intervention of the protection devices. The limit is easily adjusted to the
“capability” curves through the adjustment of the following:
- minimum value of reactive power
- starting point of the sloping straight line
- slope of the straight line.
4.2.8 Tracking Device and vice versa (only for AVR100S-B, AVR100S-C
and AVR100S-D configurations)
The aim of the tracking consists in guaranteeing a switchover from automatic

to manual regulation that does not cause any disturbance. The switchover
from one type of regulation to the other is inhibited if the reference conditions
and the position of the switch-on impulses are not identical. The opposite
switchover from the manual to the automatic regulator occurs only upon the
operator’s request who shall create the alignment conditions of the two
circuits through the “increase and decrease” buttons of the automatic
reference. A synchronizing voltmeter on the external panel of the exciter
allows the operator to view the alignment status of the two circuits. In the
AVR100S-D version an equivalent circuit guarantees the alignment between
the two automatic regulators so as to allow for a switchover that does not
cause any disturbance.
4.3 Optional Functions
The following optional functions may be implemented:
- Cos ϕ regulator
- Reactive power Q regulation
- Machine voltage / mains voltage equalizing
- Machine voltage (transformer output) / mains voltage equalizing
- Static reference / mains voltage with remote choice equalizing
- Equalizing with impulse or fixed command
- Reactive power reset
- Gradual energization of the generator
- V/Hz limit and protection
- Electromechanical oscillation stabilizer (PSS)
- Start at constant current (2 levels)
- Pre-excitation circuit
- Negative ceiling device (outside the rack)
- Stator current limit
- DC/DC power supply to the manual channel
- Computer control of the voltage static reference (4÷20 mA)
- Computer control of the cos ϕ reference (4÷20 mA)
- Overexcitation limit in P and Q and excitation current
- Second step for the current limit with remote control.
4.3.1 Constant Power Factor Operation
Some special applications require that the synchronous machine work with a
constant power factor (cos ϕ = cost.) when both the mains voltage and the
active supplied power (or absorbed power in the case of a synchronous
motor) vary. Such device acts on the “increase and decrease” commands of
the voltage reference and shifts the working point of the voltage regulator so
as to keep the value of cos ϕ = constant. Such value can be set externally by
means of a potentiometer. It is also possible to intervene on the cos ϕ
reference by means of buttons or external remote controls. It is also possible
to set the reference through a computer signal (e.g. 4÷20 mA) and to
establish the operation range by means of a suitable setting (for example
between 0.9 capacitive and 0.8 inductive). A signal in mA is available for
measuring the set value of cos ϕ and Q. This instrument allows to display the
value at which the regulator shall work before activating the function itself.
4.3.2 Regulation at Constant Power
Some special applications require that the synchronous machine work with a
constant reactive power (Q = cost.) when both the mains voltage and the
active supplied power (or absorbed power in the case of a synchronous
motor) vary. Such device acts on the “increase and decrease” commands of
the voltage reference and shifts the working point of the voltage regulator so
as to keep the value of Q = constant. Such value can be set externally by
means of a potentiometer. It is also possible to intervene on this regulation by
means of external controls or computer signals as in the case of the cos ϕ
regulation. A signal in mA is available for measuring the set Q value. This
instrument allows to display the value at which the regulator shall work before
activating the function itself.
4.3.3 Voltage Equalizing
This device facilitates the paralleling of the assembly. The circuit acts on the
static reference of the automatic regulator so as to equalize the generator’s
terminal voltage and the mains voltage. Once the equalizing has been
completed, it gives an acknowledgment contact for the assembly’s paralleling.
The insertion of the quantities to be equalized can be controlled both locally
and remotely: machine voltage with mains voltage or static reference with
mains voltage. It is also possible to chose and control (locally or remotely) the
equalizing of machine voltage and mains voltage or mains voltage and
machine voltage downstream the boosting transformer. Therefore it is
possible to equalize the mains voltage with two different points (for instance if
a machine transformer with variable outlets is interposed)
4.3.4 Reaction Power Zero Setting
This function is aimed at reducing the reactive power to zero in the phase of
normal shutdown of the assembly so as to avoid useless stresses to the
machine switch. It is usually automatically activated and controlled by the
shutdown sequence of the assembly. It can only be activated in the automatic
operation mode and when the 52G parallel switch is closed. This function is
automatically disabled when the system is switched to the manual mode or
when the parallel switch is opened.
4.3.5 Gradual Energization of the Generator and/or the Mains
If the excitation system is energized by auxiliary services, due to the fact that
the exciter is independent from the generator’s voltage, it is possible to
gradually bring the generator’s terminal voltage from zero to the desired value
thus avoiding a sudden excitation of the machine. To this purpose a ramp-like
increase is foreseen which can be automatically pre-set and activated and
allows for a gradual increase of the generator’s terminal voltage with
automatic inhibition when the established minimum value is reached. In case
of a total blackout of the mains, this type of operation mode allows to
gradually energize the mains with no dangerous transients.
4.3.6 Volt/Herz Limit
Under special operation conditions the machine can be made to work with a
frequency below the allowed range. In these cases the voltage regulation
must be subordinated to the Volt/Herz regulation so as to avoid the creation of
a flux of such dimensions that it might cause the magnetic circuit to be
saturated and the stator pack to get overheated.
4.3.7 Electromechanical Oscillation Stabilizer
The stabilization system is included in the automatic voltage regulation ring so

as to improve the stability of the electromechanical ring of the synchronous
machine. The stabilizing signal issued by the device is proportional to the
changes in active power and frequency that are introduced by disturbances
on the mains-generator system and is such as to oppose them. In order to
avoid problems in the load disconnection conditions, the device is
automatically switched off by a trigger circuit - with adjustable threshold -
when the value of active power supplied by the machine is lower than the pre-
set value.
4.3.8 Start at Constant Current
Two levels of remote connection current are available to control the start of
the machine at constant current (for instance back to back start).
4.3.9 Pre-excitation Circuit (priming)
This circuit is used to control the correct pre-excitation sequence and to signal
any anomalies such as the absence of current or the exceeding of the
maximum start time. The circuit connects and opens its own contactor.
4.3.10 Negative Ceiling Device (outside the rack)
It can be connected in order to improve the response features of the regulator

when load disconnections or sudden load variations occur. In this case the
machine drop-out is accelerated through the temporary connection of a
discharge resistance in series with the field which is normally short-circuited
during the normal operation.
4.3.11 Stator Current Limit
It is composed of a card inserted in the regulation rack. The generator’s

currents are converted by the related card to determine the P and Q value
and are rectified so as to get a continuous signal proportional to them. This
signal is compared with a setting value. When such value is exceeded a
compensation error signal is sent to the regulator.
4.3.12 DC/DC Power Supply to the ALI2 Manual Channel

It is composed of a switching power supply system with 110 [V]DC or 220
[V]DC input and +/- 24 [V]DC output for the energization of the manual
channel’s card located in the rack. This power supply unit can thus be used
when independence and separation of the power supply units are required
(serviceability during operation).
4.3.13 Computer Static Reference Control
The regulator is arranged in such a way as to be able to accept a 4-20 mA

computer signal in order to vary the working set point. A tracking device inside
the regulator allows to maintain alignment between the computer external
signal and the internal set point. This way no changes in the switchover from
remote to local control (internal reference) occur. Also in case of failure of the
4-20 mA control, the regulator automatically sets to the current value that is
active at the time when the failure occurs so as to intervene with no
disturbances. The 4-20 mA range can be set in the required range, for
instance from 70% to 120% Vm. The limitation is anyway guaranteed upon
reaching the pre-set maximum and minimum values over or below which no
operation is allowed.
4.3.14 Computer cosϕ Reference Control
The regulator is arranged in such a way as to be able to accept a 4-20 mA

computer signal in order to vary the working set point of the reactive power
regulator. A tracking device inside the regulator allows to maintain alignment
between the computer external signal and the internal set point. This way no
changes in the switchover from remote to local control (internal reference)
occur. Also in case of failure of the 4-20 mA control, the regulator
automatically sets to the current value that is active at the time when the
failure occurs so as to intervene with no disturbances. The 4-20 mA range can
be set in the required range, for instance from 0.9 capacitive to 0.85 inductive.
The limitation is anyway guaranteed upon reaching the pre-set maximum and
minimum values over or below which no operation is allowed (+/- 0.7).
4.3.15 Overexcitation Limit in P/Q and in Excitation Current
Normally, the regulator is set to operate so that the machine works inside the
capability curves. This control is carried out through the processing of the P
and Q values supplied by the machine. The overexcitation limit is executed by
checking that such values do not exceed the allowed values. A further limit
can be inserted that works by checking the excitation current value. When the
first of the two values (P/Q or excitation current) is exceeded, the machine
operates in limitation mode. This allows to have a further redundancy in the
limit protection in overexcitation.
4.3.16 Second Step for Current Limit
A remote command allows to vary the intervention point in the limitation mode
operation of the machine (in the case of limitation through the excitation
current control). Such variation can occur, for instance, upon a request due to
the fact that the external temperature maximum point has been reached or
through another control.
5. Logics and Protections
The logics build up the part of the regulation that controls the regulators’
operations on the basis of the signals coming from the regulation itself and
from a series of external commands and protections. A series of internal
control circuits allow the logic to carry out a complete diagnostic check-up of
the operation status of all devices according to a consistent sequence. Its
function has a priority over all the other functions inside the regulation.
Connected to it are the input-output interfaces of the exciter and - if foreseen -
the external signal and alarm panel.
A series of protections (listed below) is also foreseen:
a) Maximum internal current protection

b) Regulator’s maximum ceiling time protection
c) Chopper and power supply failure protection
d) Short circuit protection and rotating diode opening (optional)
e) Maximum external current protection (optional)
f) Rotor’s earth protection (optional).
5.1 Description of the Protections
5.1.1 Maximum Internal Current Protection
This protection ensures that the maximum value allowed by the rotor is not
exceeded in case of failure - in the regulation - of the overexcitation limit. Its
activation causes the shutdown of the excitation system.
5.1.2 Regulator’s Maximum Ceiling Time Protection
A circuit for the supervision of the control signal to the chopper is foreseen.
The amplitude of this signal ranges from 0 to 10 Vdc. The maximum signal
value is reached at particular plant and load conditions: sudden loads, short
circuits. If the signal remains at its maximum value for an excessively long
time - such as to threaten the system integrity - the excitation shut-down or
the channel switchover command (depending on the configuration) is sent.
5.1.3 Chopper Failure Protection
The following values are controlled:

- voltage value on the input side in the requested range
- absence of short circuits on the output side
- presence of control electronic voltage supply
- overtemperature
If anomalies in one of these values are detected an automatic switchover to
the back-up chopper occurs or - if no back-up is foreseen - the system is shut
down.
5.1.4 Short Circuit Protection and Rotating Diode Opening (optional)
This protection is external to the rack that controls the excitation current
profile. In case of opening of the rotating diodes a system alarm is sent while
in case of short circuit the system is immediately shut down.
5.1.5 Maximum External Current Protection (optional)
This is an immediate protection, inserted on the primary of the excitation

transformer, that intervenes in case of failure (short circuit) in the transformer
or in the power circuits of the exciter (interconnection cables, bars). When
activated, the excitation system and the assembly are shut down.
5.1.6 Rotor’s Earth Protection (optional)
If installed in the excitation system, it allows to eliminate the problems and

risks posed by the need to send excitation voltage to the protection box
usually located in the control room. Its purpose consists in signaling the loss
of isolation in the rotor’s circuit. Only in rare cases is also a shutdown effect
required.
6. Measures and Signals
All the values that are necessary for the control of the correct operation of the
excitation system are sent to the related instruments (mounted on the local
panel) and to the remote station (control room) by means of suitable
transducers that allow for a galvanic separation from the power circuits.
The signals are sent in the standard ranges indicated below:
Values Signal Equal to Max. load

impedance
Excitation current 4÷20 mA 0÷1.25 len 750 Ω
Excitation voltage 4÷20 mA 0÷1.5 Ven 750 Ω
Synchronizing voltmeter 4÷20 mA -100 / 0 / +100% 750 Ω
Power-factor meter 4÷20 mA -0.7 / +0.7 750 Ω
Control voltage 4÷20 mA 0 / +110% 750 Ω
Other signal values (0÷5 [mA]; 1÷5 [mA]; 0÷20 [mA]) can be supplied upon
the Customer’s request.
The instrument for the indication of the machine voltage (VM) is also foreseen
on the local panel.
The excitation system is equipped with devices for the control of the correct
function of the equipment. Such devices are also arranged for signaling any
anomalies.
The standard model has a summary signaling system of the anomaly and
excitation system shutdown status equipped with a terminal switch clean
contact. The failure search is facilitated by the numerous check points and
LEDs present on the single logic and regulation cards. If so specifically
requested by the Customer, a signal panel can be mounted on the front side
of the board so as to display the operation, alarm and shutdown conditions.
Each signaling and alarm point is coupled with a terminal switch clean
contact. The signals and operation statuses foreseen in the highest system
configuration are:
Causes of Shutdown / Anomaly:
- Maximum excitation current

- Failure of the primary AC power supply
- Voltage feedback anomaly
- Anomaly of the DC power supply systems
- Chopper failure
- Maximum ceiling time
- Untimely drop-out
- Failed pre-excitation
- Short circuit of the rotating diodes (if foreseen)
- Opening of the rotating diodes (if foreseen)
Operation status signals:
- 52E closed
- Automatic mode on
- Manual mode on
- Excitation activated
- 52G closed
- Maximum static reference
- Minimum static reference
- Maximum cosϕ reference (if foreseen)
- Minimum cosϕ reference (if foreseen)
- Overexcitation limit
- Underexcitation limit
- Cosϕ/Q regulator activated (if foreseen)
- VL = VM equalizing, Q zero setting (if foreseen)
- V/Hz limit (if foreseen)
- Chopper 1 contactor closed
- Chopper 2 contactor closed (if foreseen)
- Automatic regulator anomaly
- Manual regulator anomaly
- Computer commands (if foreseen)
7. Structure
The board is made up of a protected cabin suitable for internal installation in

industrial environment, structured to be accessible from both longer sides.
Protection degree of the excitation board:
-
Standard.............................................................................................................
..........IP21
- Maximum
allowed.........................................................................................................IP5
4
The structure of the board includes a bolted metal frame that is strong enough
to easily withstand the mechanical stresses arising during shipment, assembly
and operation.
The metal plate enclosing the frame is 2 [mm] thick and specially treated.
All the compartments of the board are equipped with access doors with
handle and triangular-shaped lock.
The painting cycle and the color of the inner and outer surfaces are
normalized with RAL 7032 color (or according to the Customer’s request) and
achieved through a painting cycle where paints suitable for tropical climates
and aggressive environments are used.
The board is earthed through a bus bar (section 75 [mm²]) arranged for the
connection with the central earth net.
7.1 Configuration of the Regulator
Below is a list of the configurations of cards, power supply systems and

choppers that make up all the solutions summed up in the previous
paragraphs.
CARDS POT. AUT/ AUT./MAN WITH SEPARATE DOUBLE

MAN. (A) TRACKING (B) AUT/MAN. (C)
AUTOMATIC (D)
VCR YES YES YES YES

VCRR* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.
PLT YES YES YES YES
PLT* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.
VHL* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.
COS* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.
RCOS* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.
PSS* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.
ITI YES YES YES YES
ITO YES YES YES YES
RCI NO YES YES YES
ALI1 YES YES YES YES
ALI2 OPT. OPT. YES OPT.
CHT1 YES YES YES YES
CHT2 OPT. OPT. OPT. NO
ITR1 YES YES YES YES
ITR2 NO NO OPT. NO
SDR1* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.
TCHT* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.
Notes: The cards marked with (*) refer to optional functions.
- VCRR: card for voltage regulator with computer control
- RCOS: card for cosϕ regulator with computer or remote control
- PSS: stabilizing signal card
- COS/VHL: card for cosϕ and V/Hz regulator
- SDR1: Card for rotating diode control and current conversion for the
automatic channel
- SDR2: Card for rotating diode control and current conversion for the
manual channel
- TCHT: negative ceiling card
8. Electrical Features
The data listed below refer to a room temperature of 40 [°C] (temperature

outside the rack and not the board). For other temperatures please refer to
the data in figure 1. The electrical features are also referred to normal values
of atmospheric pressure (max. 1000 [m] s.l.m.) and relative humidity not
higher than 90%.
For higher temperatures a suitable fan drawer is foreseen, located under the
regulation rack. The fans are supplied with 24 Vdc current and 15 W power
and therefore can be installed in places with a temperature up to 50°C.
8.1 Chopper Stage
A single voltage stage is foreseen:
- 25 ÷ 300 [V]DC
Two types of output current are foreseen:

A) 20 [A] maximum continuous current at a room temperature of 40 [°C]
with maximum current of 50 [A] for 10 [s] every 10 [m’]
B) 30 [A] maximum continuous current at a room temperature of 40 [°C]
with maximum current of 100 [A] for 10 [s] every 10 [m’]
For the second case an assisted ventilation inside the chopper module is
foreseen.
Figure 1: Maximum continuous current as a function of °Troom

9. Spare Parts
9.1 Spare Parts for Loose Regulation Rack
- 1 set of regulation cards (1 for each type)

- 1 DC/DC power supply
- 1 Chopper power module
9.2 Spare Parts for Board Supply
- 1 set of regulation cards (1 for each type)

- 1 DC/DC power supply
- 1 power module (bridge or chopper)
- 1 set of relays (1 for each type)
- 1 set of auxiliary switches (1 for each type)
- 1 field contactor
10. Block Diagrams (attached)
Attached hereto are the block diagrams of the main configurations of the
regulator AVRS100.
- AVR100S-A/B general diagram

- AVR100S-C general diagram
- AVR100S-D general diagram
- AVR100S-A block diagram of the regulation

- AVR100S-B block diagram of the regulation
- AVR100S-C block diagram of the regulation
- AVR100S-D block diagram of the regulation
11. Drawings of the Overall Dimensions (attached)
Below are the drawings of the overall dimensions of the regulator’s rack and
of the standard board matched to it.
11.1 Overall Drawing of the 19” Rack
11.2 Overall Drawing of the Standard Board

12. General Installation Procedure
A) Machine not working (with connection to the machine open)
- Check the connections external to the excitation system and their

correspondence with the functional diagrams
- Check the function of relays, auxiliary switches and any settings
- Connect with the test power supply source (for excitation systems with
excitation transformer or power supply deriving from the machine
standard or an auxiliary generator)
- Check for the correct function of the chopper(s)
- Check the operation of the protection circuits through input signal
simulation.
B) Machine rotating (nominal speed, switch 52G open)
- Excite the machine only in manual regulation mode

- Check the function of the regulation circuits using the actual values of
Vecc and Iecc
- Check the values converted by the machine Tvs
- Switch to voltage automatic regulation and check the operation stability
by sending disturbance signals (step) of an amplitude of 0.5 Vmax to
terminal 20 of the regulator cage
- Check the V/Hz operation (if foreseen) by sending a disturbance signal
to terminal 20 of the regulator cage (0-2 Vmax).
C) Machine rotating (nominal speed, switch 52G closed)
- Check for correct polarities and offset of voltage and machine current
signals
- Check the function and adjustment of the foreseen limits with the actual
machine signals. Adjust only if it necessary to change what has been
pre-set in the factory
- Final check of the machine operation: stability, load disconnections,
limits, etc.
12.1 Safety
As for all units and electric boards, when a static excitation system is to be
handled all the necessary safety measures must be provided for and
observed. Inside the board and on the regulation rack there might be
dangerous voltages whose value depends on the system concerned. The
opening of the excitation switch 52E (if present) on the primary or secondary
side of the excitation transformer (if present) does not completely guarantee
the presence or absence of dangerous voltages: battery (110 or 220 Vcc) or
auxiliary power supply might be present. These power sources might cause
safety problems, therefore one must be very careful when working on the
board. The excitation board is built in such a way that the energized parts are
protected so as to guarantee at least an IP20 protection rate. The maneuver
organs, the regulation and control components that can be accessed in duty
are protected. The parts with dangerous voltage that cannot be accessed in
duty are protected with barriers. Warning plates are applied on the doors.
If the rack is supplied loose, the user must absolutely stick to the safety rules.
He shall be responsible for the enforcement of all the necessary warnings,
barriers and operation information.
12.2 Preliminary Controls
These controls are necessary for the first start of the excitation system. All the
connections between excitation board, machine and control room must be
checked and tested. All the regulation circuits (set-off, P and Q signal
conversion, limits) that require signals from the machine TAs and Tvs must be
carefully checked, especially as far as the phase sequence and the correct
transformation ratio are concerned. It is necessary to check that all interface
signals with the rest of the machine exactly correspond to the functional
diagrams. The regulation system is designed to work within the tolerances
guaranteed by means of the settings made during the general test at the
factory and checked with the aid of simulation systems where the values of
the machine constants are set. If such values are not communicated during
the order processing phase or if they are unknown, a further setting phase
might be necessary. Anyway, the user is responsible for the accuracy of the
machine values. Except for the systems where the excitation system is
derived from safe and always available power supply sources (from exchange
auxiliary services), a pre-excitation system is necessary in order to make the
system self-supporting.
When the regulation system is supplied as a board, the signal connections
and the earth connections of the system are surely good. If only the regulation
rack is supplied, the user must be very careful with the harness and the
earthing. It is the user’s responsibility to make good connections which - if not
built correctly - might cause a malfunctioning both during the first start of the
machine and in duty.
12.3 Initial Test of the Excitation circuits with the Test Auxiliary Source
(Machine not working)
a) Test the power transformer (isolation, ratio). Such tests do not need to
be carried out on previously tested and certified machines.
b) Check the polarities and interconnections between the power
transformer and the excitation board input (check that the connections
correspond to the diagram)
c) If no transformer is provided for, the connections of the DC power
supply to the chopper must be checked.
d) Energize the electronics and the relay section. To this purpose it is
necessary to close the power supply switches inside the exciter’s
board. Check that the electronics switch on through a visual control of
the LEDs of the power supply system located on the left hand side of
the regulation rack (all the green LEDs must be on). Push the RESET
button on the front of the board (in the board version this button is
always present for the reset of the alarms after acknowledgment; if only
the regulation rack is supplied, an output interface card with non-stored
signals is supplied): some alarms and signals may appear when the
board is energized for the first time. After such operation, check the
status of the display panel. In normal conditions no alarm LED should
be on.
e) Set the selector - if present - on local commands. In order to continue
the tests in manual mode, a distinctions should be made between
exciter’s power supply from machine standard or shaft generator or
coaxial dynamo and power supply source derived from auxiliary
services. In the first case it is necessary to provide for an auxiliary
source with DC if the chopper section is to be directly controlled or with
AC if a power transformed is interposed. If the system is equipped for
the conversion of the power supply onto auxiliary systems, the exciter
must be pre-set for this purpose. In both cases, as the system is
designed to operate with a PRIMER (cicchetto), the command for the
inhibition of the primer must also be sent: CICCHETTO OFF active.
This way the machine can be gradually excited from zero to the desired
value. In the second case, that is when the machine is designed to be
energized from auxiliary services, the above procedure is not
necessary.
After these operations have been carried out, send the excitation
command with LOCAL commands and MANUAL operation mode and
check the change in the excitation voltage by intervening on the
potentiometer of the manual reference - for AVR100S-A or D - or use
the “increase / decrease” buttons - for AVR100S-B or C -. In this case,
the Decrease light shall turn off after the first Increase command is sent
(release of the minimum limit switch). Check the excitation current and
voltage. In this phase no high values of excitation current should be
reached so as to avoid heating the machine while not rotating. Higher
current values may be reached, though for a short period of time. Push
the STOP button to interrupt the power supply to the load. After such
operations have been carried out and the remote interface commands
have been checked, the tests should be continued with the machine
rotating.
12.4 Inspections and Tests with no Load
The above-mentioned test power supply is necessary also for these tests. The
procedures are similar to those adopted for tests with the machine not
working. Before starting the machine make sure that:
- the commands are set to LOCAL
- the regulation is set to MANUAL mode
- the CICCHETTO OFF command has been sent when this is necessary
(power supply from standard or rotating generator). Use a voltmeter to check
that the test point TP18L RCI card, if present, is on 0V or, if a manual
potentiometer is used, that the manual potentiometer is set to the minimum
value, test point TP12L on the VCR or VCRR card
- make sure that the excitation switch (if present) is open.
- The generator must be brought to the nominal speed, the excitation
activated and the excitation switch (if present) closed; gradually increase the
manual reference until the machine nominal voltage is reached. In the
meanwhile check the voltage and excitation current values (the values
showed on the instruments must correspond to those indicated on the plates).
For the reading of the excitation current it is important to notice that if the
excitement current values were known ever since the machine testing, the
excitement current instrument must have been already set except for minor
variations. For this reason it is necessary to make sure that when the machine
is not working the instrument indicates zero. If not, it must be set to zero by
means of the P0 trimmer located on the front side of the PLT card. In order to
set the instrument range it is necessary to provide for a shunt in series with
the load so as to check the instrument’s values. As the converted output of
the PLT card is in the 4-20mA range, in order to set it it is necessary to make
sure that the test point TP17R of the PLT card is 3VDC at the current nominal
value (or different values for currents proportionally lower than the nominal
current). In order to obtain this it is necessary to intervene on the P6 trimmer
located on the front side of the PLT card. In order to set the instrument it is
necessary to intervene on the P19 trimmer on the back panel. The current
value read on the shunt must correspond to the excitation current value
showed on the instrument.
- With nominal machine voltage and speed, check for the correct sequence of
the machine TV feedback signals and machine voltage feedback adjustment:
TP15L of the VCRR card or TP18R of the VCR card at -10Vdc at the machine
nominal value. In order to get this, intervene on the P4 trimmer located on the
front side of the PLT card. The correct phase sequence must be obtained by
means of an oscilloscope (if available) on: TP14R = -VRG = 6Vac, TP12R = -
VTG = 6Vac. The voltage on TP12R must show a delay of 120° compared to
what has been recorded on TP14R.
- Check the status of the synchronizing voltmeter: in versions B and C
(Automatic / Manual with tracking), the Automatic channel shall track the
Manual and vice versa; in versions A and D the potentiometric Automatic /
Manual alignment must be obtained manually.
Once the alignment has been obtained, switch to the automatic mode by
pressing the Automatic button in versions B and C or by turning the selector in
versions A and D.
- Check that in the Automatic operation mode there are no oscillations on the
excitation current and on the machine voltage. Use the Increase / Decrease
buttons to control the behaviour of the regulator.
- Push the STOP button to de-energize the machine. Test the power in
automatic mode. Check the value on test point TP18L of the VCR or VCRR
card. Here the set value can be read, e.g. 8Vdc means that the machine will
automatically go to 80% of the nominal value after the excitation has
occurred. Use the “Increase excitation” button to increase the machine
voltage value.
- If the exciter’s normal power supply is derived from auxiliary services, the
starting procedure can be continued with tests in parallel. If the excitation is
derived from a standard or an auxiliary generator, the test auxiliary source
must be disconnected, the command CICCHETTO OFF must be removed
and the START sequence in Automatic mode tested. In the starting phase the
command for closing the primer contactor will be sent in order to make the
machine self-start. In this respect, an excitation current control circuit is
foreseen: a current flow must be noted. If within 1 second after the START
command no excitation current flow is noted, the system is shut down due to
pre-excitation failure. On the other hand, if the pre-excitation sequence lasts
over 5 seconds without reaching a value corresponding to 70% of the
machine voltage, the system is shut down due to maximum pre-excitation
time. If the primer sequence is correct, a current flow is noted and the circuit
disconnects when the pre-set machine voltage threshold is reached.
12.5 Inspections and Tests in Parallel
Once the tests of the previous paragraphs have been completed, tests with
load must be carried out.
- The start can be both in Manual or in Automatic mode. In the first case,
when the machine nominal value is reached, the regulation is anyway to be
switched to Automatic.
- The commands of the turbine regulator shall operate to obtain the machine-
mains alignment. With the machine in parallel, check the excitation current
supply and check the machine current phases so as to obtain a correct
conversion of the P and Q powers supplied by the machine. On the test points
PT16R and TP15L of the PLT card the P and Q values can be read. For the
reactive power Q also the sign can be read: +Q for reactive power supply, - Q
for reactive power absorption. These signs and values are to be checked and
must correspond to those recorded by other instrument in the exchange. The
phase of the currents is also to be checked. For a correct interpretation of the
current phases compared to their voltage two separate cases must be
considered: active power supply only, reactive power supply only. In the first
case the shape of the wave recorded on test point TP18L of the PLT card, IRG,
must be in phase with the shape of the wave recorded on TP14R, while the
shape of the wave on TP17L, ITG, must be in phase with the recordings on
TP12R. In the second case (Q supply, therefore Q positive), the shape of the
wave on TP18L must show a 90° delay compared to TP14R and the shape of
the wave on TP17L must show a 90° delay compared to TP12R.
13. Description of Signals and Alarms
The information on operation or alarm statuses can be viewed by means of

“display panels and alarms” or by means of pilot lights located on the control
buttons or through the position of selectors. Below is a list of the standard
displays and their meaning.
13.1 Button Signals
1. Automatic regulator on. When the Automatic button is on, this means that
the automatic regulator is active. The Manual button (versions B and C)
allows to switch over to the manual channel. In version A an AUT/MAN
selector is foreseen in place of the button. In version D the buttons have the
meaning of AUTOMATIC1 and AUTOMATIC2. The AUT/MAN selector is
always present for the potentiometric Automatic/Manual switchover for the
active channel (1 or 2). With the machine set on STOP (DE-ENERGIZATION
button on) the switch from Aut to Man or from AUT1 to AUT2 is always
possible, whereas when the machine is excited (EXCITATION button on) the
switch is only possible after the alignment has been obtained and after a
request has been made by means of the button related to the required
channel. The required reservation is stored by the first request sent. Switches
and reservations can be made through similar remote controls.
2. Manual regulator on. When the Manual button is on, this means that the
manual regulator is active. The switchover to the automatic regulator occurs
through a request made by means of the automatic button. To return to the
manual regulation the manual button must be pressed. As in the previous
case, the Automatic/Manual switchover is immediate in the STOP status,
while in the START status it can only occur if the requested regulator is not in
anomalous conditions and the regulators are aligned. If the required channel
is not available the reservation is not accepted. The switchover and the
reservation for switching over to manual mode can be made through similar
remote controls.
3. Drop-out. With the drop-out button on, the machine is in STOP status. With
the machine operating and this button activated, the system is de-energized.
This function is active also from remote stations through a command located
on a suitable terminal board.
4. Excitation. With the excitation button on, the exciter is working. The action
of this button is active from the exciter’s panel only if the controls are set to
LOCAL mode. The excitation control is active also from remote stations, with
the selector on REMOTE and through a command located on a suitable
terminal board.
5. Minimum limit switch (Decrease button). This button switches on when

the preset minimum static reference is reached. The displayed minimum limit
switch is always referred to the active regulator: limit switch of the automatic
regulator in automatic mode, limit switch of the manual regulator in manual
mode.
6. Maximum limit switch (Increase button). This button switches on when

the preset maximum static reference is reached. The displayed maximum limit
switch is always referred to the active regulator: limit switch of the automatic
regulator in automatic mode, limit switch of the manual regulator in manual
mode.
7. Q zero setting active. The request to set the reactive power Q to zero is
executed through the related button and sent and accepted by the regulation
only if the mode is Automatic and the machine is in parallel (52G switch
closed). The request can also be made from a remote station by means of a
pulse command. A command enables the function and the following disables
it. The zero setting active status is signaled by the switching on of the zero
setting request button. The function is disabled upon request by means of the
same button - which therefore has the double enable/disable function - or by
switching over to manual or by opening the parallel switch.
8. Equalizing active. The request of machine voltage / mains voltage
equalizing is executed by means of the Equalizing button located on the front
panel (with commands in LOCAL mode). The request can also be sent from
remote stations by means of the related control on the terminal board. When
the request is accepted the button switches on and such acceptance is
subject to the following conditions: automatic mode, parallel switch open. The
switchover to manual or the closing of the parallel switch cause the request to
be disabled. Similarly to the Q zero setting function, the button has an enable
/ disable function.
13.2 Panel Signals
1. Excitation switch closed. When the LED is on, excitation switch 52E (if
present) is closed.
2. Parallel switch closed. When the LED is on, parallel switch 52G is closed.
3. Overexcitation. When the LED is on, the overexcitation limit is active and
the machine is working under limit conditions.
4. Underexcitation. When the LED is on, the underexcitation limit is active

and the machine is working under limit conditions.
5. Stator current limit. The machine current limit has been reached and the
machine is working under limit conditions.
6. V/Hz limit. The Volt/Herz limit is operating and the machine is under limit
conditions to reduce excitation and therefore the machine flow.
7. Power supply anomaly. If the LED is on, one of the following circuits is
faulty: primer, 110 V, buffer, 220V auxiliary circuits.
8. Excitation shutdown. If the LED is on, the exciter’s shutdown command

has been given.
9. Anomaly of the Automatic Regulator. If this LED is on, the automatic

regulator is or was faulty due to one of the following causes: machine
feedback anomaly (minimum value of the machine voltage or failure in the
feedback circuit), maximum ceiling time (the control signal remains at its
maximum value for over 5 seconds), anomaly of the 24V power supply (in
case of a dedicated power supply to the automatic channel), chopper
anomaly (in case of a configuration with 2 choppers with one chopper
dedicated to the automatic channel and one to the manual channel),
maximum current (the maximum current value of the automatic channel has
been exceeded; this also causes the system shutdown).
10. Anomaly of the Manual Regulator. If this LED is on, the manual
regulator is or was faulty due to one of the following causes: maximum
ceiling time (the control signal remains at its maximum value for over 5
seconds), anomaly of the 24V power supply (in case of a dedicated power
supply to the manual channel), chopper anomaly (in case of a configuration
with 2 choppers with one chopper dedicated to the automatic channel and one
to the manual channel), maximum current (the maximum current value of the
manual channel has been exceeded; this also causes the system shutdown).
11. Pre-excitation failed. When the primer circuit is used for the excitation of
the generator, the alarm is displayed if no excitation current flow has been
recorded within one second of the start command or if 70% of the machine
voltage is not reached within 5 seconds of the start command.
12. Untimely drop-out. This alarm is given if the parallel switch is closed
when the START commands are absent and the 52E switch is closed (if
present).
13. Anomaly of the machine rotation. This is signaled if the machine

voltage is lower than 5% of the nominal value or if the machine feedback
circuit is interrupted.
14. Maximum ceiling time. This signal is common to both the Automatic and
the Manual channel and warns that the control signal to the chopper remained
at its maximum value for over 5 second.
15. 24V anomaly. Anomaly in the 24V power supply to the electronics.
16. Maximum excitation current. The maximum excitation current threshold

has been exceeded. This protection acts simultaneously on both channels.
17. Chopper failure. A failure has been detected in one of the choppers. This
signal is due to one of the following causes: high chopper temperature,
chopper short circuit, no power supply to the chopper.
18. Commands from DCS. It warns that the commands for the reference
signal set for the machine voltage or for the regulation signal for the set cosϕ
value, or both, are managed by DCS or by a computer through a 4-20mA
command.
19. Anomaly of the DCS commands. This indicates an anomaly in the signal
from the computer: current value lower than 4 mA. In this case the control is
automatically assumed by the regulator.
20. Cosϕ regulation activated. The regulator works in cosϕ regulation mode.
13.3 Signals available on Input Interface
All the commands to be sent to the regulator come from two interface cards
connected to the ITI card by means of two flat cables (H and M). The following
signals can be sent:
a) Flat H
RL01-START: excitation command active on 1. It must be a fixed-type
command.
RL02-Q41-1 ON: signal of the chopper 1 output contactor status. Set to 1 with
contactor closed.
RL03-Q41-2 ON: signal of the chopper 2 output contactor status. Set to 1 with
contactor closed.
RL04 - PLUS AUT/REG1: command set to 1 for the choice of automatic or
automatic 1 regulator in the Double Automatic version.
RL05 - PLUS MAN/REG2: command set to 1 for the choice of the manual or
automatic 2 regulator in the Double Automatic version.
RL06 - RICH COSϕ: command set to 1 for the request of activation of the
cosϕ regulation.
RL07 - PLUS AUM: command set to 1 for the increase static reference
request (both for automatic and for manual channel).
RL08 - PLUS DIM: command set to 1 for the decrease static reference
request (both for automatic and for manual channel).
RL09 - AUM COS: command set to 1 for the cosϕ reference increase request
RL10 - DIM COS: command set to 1 for the cosϕ reference decrease request
RL11 - RICH EG: command set to 1 for the voltage equalizing request. It can
be both of pulse and of fixed type. In the first case it works at every pulse as
enable/disable, in the second case a fixed signal set to 1 requests the
activation of the function while a signal set to zero requests the de-activation.
The choice of the type of operation is reflected on the jumper customization to
be made inside the PLT* card.
RL12 - RICH AZZ Q: pulse command set to 1 for the enable/disable request
of reactive power zero setting.
RL13 - RCHT2: signal set to 1 for the request of operation of the second
chopper.
RL14 - COSϕ/Q: regulation choice, 1 for the cosϕ regulation, 0 for the
operation with Q = constant.
RL15 - C52G ON: signal set to 1 with parallel switch 52G closed.
RL16 - A/M (sel): choice of the automatic operation, 1, or manual
potentiometric operation, 0. Such selector-type command is used in versions
A and D. In the other versions it must always be set to 1.
b) Flat M
RL01 - COMPOUND ON: compound on command active on 1. It must be a

fixed-type command.
RL02 - ESCL PSS: stabilizing signal disable command active on 1.
RL03 - 2° GRAD: command active on 1 for the activation of the second step
for the overexcitation limit performed on the excitation current.
RL04-I = K1: command set to 1 for the 1° level constant current operation
RL05-I = K2: command set to 1 for the 2° level constant current operation
RL06 - LKM: command set to 0 for the motor operation
RL07 - EG REM: command set to 1 for the remote equalizing request with
choice between machine/mains or reference/mains equalizing.
RL08 - 60 Hz: command set to 1 for the request of a 60 Hz operation
RL09 - COMP P/N: command set to 1 for operation with positive compound,
set to 0 for operation with negative compound.
RL10 - 52E ON: signal set to 1 with excitation switch closed (if present)
RL11 - DCS-1 ON: command set to 1 for the request of DCS operation for the
setup of the voltage reference.
RL12 - DCS-2 ON: command set to 1 for the request of DCS operation for the
setup of the operating value with cosϕ regulation.
RL13 - CICCHETTO OFF: signal on 1 for the request of operation without
primer start sequence.
RL14 - AVAILABLE
RL15 - AVAILABLE
RL16 - AVAILABLE
13.4 Signals available on Output Interface
All the signals of the operation or alarm statuses of the regulator (16 + 16
signals) are available on the output interface connected to the output relay
cards by means of two flat cables H and M. Below is the list of the available
signals:
a) Flat H
RL01 - AUT/MAN: output relay excited if the regulator is in automatic mode;

relay dropped out if in manual mode.
RL02 - COSϕ/INS: relay excited with cosϕ regulation active
RL03 - FCMAX: relay excited when maximum limit switch is reached.
RL04 - FCMIN: relay excited when minimum limit switch is reached.
RL05 - COS MAX: relay excited when maximum limit switch of the cosϕ
regulator is reached. It is possible to have a single signal of cosϕ maximum
limit switch and of the static reference maximum limit switch.
RL06 - COS MIN: relay excited when minimum limit switch of the cosϕ
regulator is reached. It is possible to have a single signal of cosϕ minimum
limit switch and of the static reference minimum limit switch.
RL07 - SOTTOECC: relay excited under underexcitation limit conditions.
RL08 - SOVRAECC: relay excited under overexcitation limit conditions.
RL09 - LIMI V/Hz: relay excited under V/Hz limit conditions.
RL10 - ANCHT: relay excited in case of chopper anomaly
RL11 - Q41-1 ON: relay excited to command the closure of chopper 1 output
contactor.
RL12 - Q41-2 ON: relay excited to command the closure of chopper 2 output
contactor.
RL13 - ANOM REG AUT: relay dropped out to signal the anomaly of the
automatic regulator.
RL14 - ANOM REG MAN: relay dropped out to signal the anomaly of the
manual regulator
RL15 - BLOCCO ECCIT: relay dropped out to command the excitation
shutdown.
RL16 - CICCHETTO ON: relay excited to command the closure of the pre-
excitation contactor.
b) Flat M
RL01 - TMAX CEIL: relay excited to signal the maximum ceiling time.
RL02 - ANOM VM: relay excited to signal a machine feedback anomaly.
RL03 - IECC MAX: relay excited to signal the activation of the maximum
excitation current protection
RL04 - SEQ ERRATA: relay excited to signal the activation of the working
sequence or the untimely drop-out protection.
RL05 - CHT1ON: relay excited to signal that chopper 1 is working
RL06 - DCS FAULT: relay excited to signal a DCS control anomaly.
RL07 - ANOM ALIM: relay excited to signal a 24 V power supply anomaly.
RL08 - EG INS: relay excited to signal the activation of the equalizing function
RL09 - EG RAGG: relay excited to signal the equalizing completion.
RL10 - MIN FREQ: relay dropped out to signal the operation due to minimum
frequency.
RL11 - MANCATA PREECC: relay dropped out to signal the operation due to
wrong pre-excitation sequence.
RL12 - AN CHT1: relay excited to signal the anomaly of chopper 1.
RL13 - AN CHT2: relay excited to signal the anomaly of chopper 2.
RL14 - AZZ Q INS: relay excited to signal the activation of the Q zero setting
function.
RL15 - AZZ Q RAGG: relay excited to signal the completion of the Q zero
setting.
RL16 - CHT2ON: relay excited to signal that chopper 2 is operating.
14. Regulation Cards
14.1 Regulator’s Configuration
The regulator is available in the following configurations:
A) Potentiometric Automatic / Manual

B) Automatic / Manual with Tracking
C) Independent Automatic / Manual
D) Double Automatic
The possible configurations can be identified through the following codes:
A11: Potentiometric Automatic / Manual with 1 chopper + 1 power

supply
A21: Potentiometric Automatic / Manual with 2 choppers + 1 power
supply
A12: Potentiometric Automatic / Manual with 1 chopper + 2 power
supplies
A22: Potentiometric Automatic / Manual with 2 choppers + 2 power
supplies
B11: Automatic / Manual with tracking with 1 chopper + 1 power supply
B21: Automatic / Manual with tracking with 2 choppers + 1 power supply
C12: Independent Automatic / Manual with 1 chopper + 2 power supplies
C22: Independent Automatic / Manual with 2 choppers + 2 power
supplies
D11: Double automatic with 1 chopper + 1 power supply
D12: Double automatic with 1 chopper + 2 power supplies
Below is the list of the regulators’ components in the various configurations

with reference to cards, power supply and choppers.
CHOPPER POT AUT/ AUT./MAN WITH SEPARATE DOUBLE

CARDS MAN. (A) TRACKING (B) AUT/MAN. (C)
AUTOMATIC (D)
VCR YES YES YES YES

VCRR* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.
PLT YES YES YES YES
PLT* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.
VHL* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.
COS* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.
RCOS* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.
PSS* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.
ITI YES YES YES YES
ITO YES YES YES YES
RCI NO YES YES YES
ALI1 YES YES YES YES
ALI2 OPT. OPT. YES OPT.
CHT1 YES YES YES YES
CHT2 OPT. OPT. OPT. NO
ITR1 YES YES YES YES
ITR2 NO NO OPT. NO
TCHT* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.
Notes: The cards marked with (*) refer to optional functions.

- VCRR: card for voltage regulator with computer control
- RCOS: card for cosϕ regulator with computer or remote control
- PSS: stabilizing signal card
- COS/VHL: card for cosϕ and V/Hz regulator
14.2 Power Supplies’ Configuration
Below is the list of power supply connections to be set up on the back panel.
VERSION BACK PANEL CONNECTIONS
A1) ALI1 SPA-SPA1 SNA-SNA1 PSPA-PSPA1

(01)
A2) ALI1+ALI2 SPAMC-SPA1 SNAMC-SNA1 PSPAMC-PSPA1

(01) (42)
B1) ALI1 SPA-SPA1 SNA-SNA1 PSPA-PSPA1

(01) SPAMC-SPM1 SNAMC-SNM1 PSPAMC-PSPM1
B2) ALI1+ALI2 SPAMC-SPA1 SNAMC-SNA1 PSPAMC-PSPA1

(01) (42) SPAMC-SPM1 SNAMC-SNM1 PSPAMC-PSPM1
C1) ALI1+ALI2 SPA-SPA1 SNA-SNA1 PSPA-PSPA1

(01) (42) SPM-SPM1 SNM-SNM1 PSPM-PSPM1
D1) ALI1 SPA-SPA1 SNA-SNA1 PSPA-PSPA1

(01) SPAMC-SPM1 SNAMC-SNM1 PSPAMC-PSPM1
D2) ALI1+ALI2 SPAMC-SPA1 SNAMC-SNA1 PSPAMC-PSPA1

(01) (42) SPAMC-SPM1 SNAMC-SNM1 PSPAMC-PSPM1
14.3 Chopper’s Configuration
This configuration refers only to the setup to be made on the power unit and
on the 24Vdc power supply for the fan inside the chopper. For currents up to
20A no added connection is necessary, while for the 30A chopper (equipped
with fan) the chopper’s (or choppers’) terminal bz24 is to be connected to PSP
and respectively:
VERSION BACK PANEL

CONNECTIONS
A1) CHT1 (49) bz24(CHT1)-PSPAMC

A2) CHT1 (49) bz24(CHT1)-PSPAMC
CHT 2 (67) bz24(CHT2)-PSPAMC
A3) CHT1 (49) bz24(CHT1)-PSPA1
CHT2 (67) bz24(CHT2)-PSPM1
Version A1 has only one chopper, independently on the configuration of the

regulation.
Version A2 has two choppers, one is the back-up of the other, with no
reference to the configuration of the regulation.
Version A3 has two choppers of which one dedicated to the Automatic
channel and the other to the Manual channel.
14.4 Regulator’s Cards
Below is the card arrangement in the regulation rack. The arrangement

includes all cards, power supplies and choppers that can be present in the
maximum configuration. The sizes refer to a 19” rack with Europe 2 format
cards.
AL1 VCRR PLT RCOS PSS ITI ITO ALI2 CHT1

CHT2
14.4.1 VCRR Card: Voltage Regulator, Automatic Channel Rheostat, V/Hz
Conversion, Computer Control
Jx A11 A21 A12 A22 B11 B21 C12 C22 D11 D12
J1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1
J2 * * * * * * * * * *
J3 * * * * * * * * * *
J4 * * * * * * * * * *
J7 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2
J8 * * * * * * * * * *
J9 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-2 0-2
J10 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1
J11 ON ON ON ON ON ON OFF OFF OFF OFF
J12 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2
J13 * * * * * * * * * *
J14 OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ON ON ON ON ON
J15 * * * * * * * * * *
J16 * * * * * * * * * *
J1: on for reset at start. Always on.

J2: activation of capacitor C3. Normally not activated, the behaviour in
automatic mode must be checked. It may be activated only in the
Brushless version.
J3: Static (0-2) or Brushless (0-1) choice.
J4: V/Hz limit: 50 Hz (OFF), 60 Hz (0-1).
J7: activation of filter on V/Hz limit signal. Normally on.
J8: STAB signal sending to the RCOS or VHL card. On only with V/Hz
option.
J9: t selects the channel that controls the potentiometric A/M synchronizing
voltmeter.
J10: enable of the +GPG* (H21A) signal. Presently not used. It can be used
when it is necessary to have a complete separation of the Aut. and
Man. control command acting on the same route without passing
through the PLT card.
J11: it is used to send the error signal between Aut. and Man. in Aut/Man
version to the RCI card for the regulators’ tracking. It is set to ON only
in the A and B versions while in the other versions it is OFF.
J12: activation / deactivation of the Tf constant. It is always set on 0-2.
J13: it is used to send the lim V/Hz signal. It is set on 0-1 in Brushless
applications and on 0-2 in static applications.
J14: it activates the Dvcon signal for the offset of Aut/Man control voltages;
it is off in potentiometric Man/Aut mode.
J15: signal of shutdown for minimum frequency. It is set on 0-2 if this
protection is not to be activated, otherwise it is set on 0-1.
J16: with the jumper off it is possible to set the minimum value for the
instrument indicating the voltage reference outside. With the jumper on,
the minimum value is 0.
14.4.2 VCR card: Voltage Regulator, Automatic Channel Rheostat, V/Hz
Conversion
Jx A11 A21 A12 A22 B11 B21 C12 C22 D11 D12
J1 * * * * * * * * * *
J2 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1
J3A 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2
J4 * * * * * * * * * *
J5 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1
J6 * * * * * * * * * *
J7 OFF OFF 0-2 0-2 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF
J8 0-2 0-2 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-2 0-2
J9 * * * * * * * * * *
J10 * * * * * * * * * *
J1: activation / deactivation of capacitor C23. Normally not activated, the

behaviour of the automatic regulator must be checked. It may be
necessary only in the Brushless version.
J2: on for reset at start. Always on 0-1.
J3: activation of filter on V/Hz limit signal. When the V/Hz function is on it
must be set to 0-2.
J3A: activation of the Tf constant in the voltage regulator. It is always set
on 0-2.
J4: choice of the type of excitation: 0-2 static, 0-1 for Brushless.
J5: activation of the Dvcon signal: when the regulator works as a Slave it is
used to adjust the control signal to the Aut/Man error.
J6: on when set on 0-1 in the 60 Hz applications and with the V/Hz function
on.
J7: choice of the ERRAUT/MAN signal to be sent to the J5 jumper. In
version A it is OFF, in version B it is set to 0-2, while in versions C and
D it is OFF. In version B the ERRAUT/MAN (L7A) signal is an output
signal, while in versions C and D it is the input of the signal from the
tracking card.
J8: the choice is made to send the signal to the synchronizing voltmeter. In
version A it is the only output for the synchronizing voltmeter and it is
used to check the alignment of the automatic and potentiometric
manual channels, therefore the jumper is always set to 0-2. In versions
B and C it is not used and therefore is set to 0-1, while in the Double
Automatic version it is set to 0-2 as it is used to send the test phase
signal to a single synchronizing voltmeter.
J9: it is set to 0-2 to send the STAB signal to the COS/VHL or RCOS card.
It is on only when the V/Hz limit function is required, otherwise it is
OFF.
J10: it is set to 0-1 if the V/Hz shutdown signal for minimum frequency is
used, otherwise it is set to 0-1. If the V/Hz function is not used it must
be set to 0-2.
14.4.3 RCOS Card: Cosϕ / Q Regulator with Potentiometric, Remote or
Computer Command. V/Hz Limit.
Jx A11 A21 A12 A22 B11 B21 C12 C22 D11 D12
J1 * * * * * * * * * *
J1A * * * * * * * * * *
J2 * * * * * * * * * *
J3 * * * * * * * * * *
J5 * * * * * * * * * *
J6 * * * * * * * * * *
J7 * * * * * * * * * *
J8 * * * * * * * * * *
J9 * * * * * * * * * *
J10 * * * * * * * * * *
All the jumpers in this card depend on the function and not on the regulator’s
configuration.
J1: cosϕ reference controlled by the Rifcosout signal: this signal is used
only when the computer control option is available and the control
signal is to be converted from the computer signal or from the local
potentiometric signal. In this case J1 must be on. With J1 off, the
control comes from the J3 jumper. This is the case in remote control
through the cosϕ increase / decrease buttons or from the
potentiometer.
J1A: choice of the minimum value of the reference set when operating from
a computer. On 0-1 it gives a negative reference that is added to the
one coming from the computer. On 0-2 the reference is positive and is
subtracted from the computer reference.
J2: when set to ON it accelerates the Increase / Decrease commands of
the reference. It is normally set to OFF.
J3: choice of the reference from potentiometer (0-1) or from remote station
(0-2).
J5: reset of the reference with STOP. The reference starts from the preset
value at every START command. Normally it is ON.
J6: Decrease button. On 0-1 it is common to the decrease button of the
voltage reference (only two buttons are present for the commands of
the rheostat and of the cosϕ regulator), while on 0-2 the command
comes from a separate button.
J7: Increase button. On 0-1 it is common to the increase button of the
voltage reference (only two buttons are present for the commands of
the rheostat and of the cosϕ regulator), while on 0-2 the command
comes from a separate button.
J8: cosϕ reference minimum limit switch. On 0-1 this signal is common to
the voltage rheostat limit switch, on 0-2 the signal is separate.
J9: cosϕ reference maximum limit switch. On 0-1 this signal is common to
the voltage rheostat limit switch, on 0-2 the signal is separate.
J10: LKM. With the jumper on, the generator / motor function is remotely
controlled. With the jumper off it always works as a generator.
14.4.4 PLT Card: Protections, Logics and Conversion
Jx A11 A21 A12 A22 B11 B21 C12 C22 D11 D12
J1 0-2 0-2 0-1 0-1 0-2 0-2 0-1 0-1 0-2 0-1
J2 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ON
J4 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-1 0-1
J5 * * * * * * * * * *
J6 * * * * * * * * * *
J7 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-2 0-2
J9 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1
J1: selection of the number of power supplies in the regulation: if only one
power supply is present the jumper must be set to 0-2, if two power
supplies are present it must be set to 0-1.
J2: it is on only in Double Automatic version in order to control the
consistency of the two feedback machine voltage signals and allows for
the possibility to order the channel switchover. In the other versions it is
OFF.
J4: choice of activation of Excitation Shutdown when the regulation is in
Manual mode and a manual anomaly occurs. In all Aut / Man versions
the jumper is set to 0-2, while in the Double Automatic version it is set
to 0-1.
J5: choice of the limit signal to be sent to the voltage regulator, on 0-1 the
limit is executed on the excitation current, while on 0-2 it is executed on
P and Q of the synchronous machine.
J6: choice of the limit signal to be sent to the output interface, on 0-1 the
limit is executed on the excitation current, while on 0-2 it is executed on
P and Q of the synchronous machine.
J7: it enables the machine voltage signal. In the Double Automatic version
the M/S (Master / Slave) signal establishes which of the two regulators
is enabled to send the machine voltage signal to the instrument. In the
other versions the jumper is always set to 0-1.
J8: it is on only in the Double Automatic version as the power supply
anomaly causes a channel switchover and not a shutdown (in the
independent Aut / Man version the anomaly of a power supply to a
channel makes the channel itself faulty and causes the switchover to
the back-up channel; this happens in the configuration with two power
supplies, in the Double Automatic version, in the version with 1 power
supply per channel; the switchover signal and not the shutdown signal
is to be sent).
J9: choice of the P signal to be sent to the underexcitation limit circuit. It is
generally set to 0-1.
14.4.5 PLT* Card: Equalizing, Pre-excitation Logic, Chopper Switch
Jx A11 A21 A12 A22 B11 B21 C12 C22 D11 D12
J1 * * * * * * * * * *
J4 * * * * * * * * * *
J4A * * * * * * * * * *
J6 * * * * * * * * * *
J7 * * * * * * * * * *
J8 ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON ON
J9 * * * * * * * * * *
J10 * * * * * * * * * *
J11 * * * * * * * * * *
J1: on 0-1 the choice of the equalizing function RIFAUT or VM is enabled

(to be executed with remote control). On 0-2 the choice is between VM
and VM* so as to allow the equalizing between two different points (for
instance between mains and generator or between mains and boosting
transformer).
J4: it enables the equalizing conditioned by 52E closed and START. With
the jumper on the equalizing is possible only under the above-
mentioned conditions, with the jumper off it is enough that the regulator
is in Automatic mode and 52G open. The disconnection occurs
automatically when the 52G switch is closed or when the mode is
switched to Manual.
J4A: for the equalizing request: if it is of fixed type it must be OFF, if it is of
pulse type is must be ON.
J5: it is always off except in the Double Automatic version.
J6: it enables the primer logic. It is set to 0-1 if the primer logic is on: in this
case the circuit can be disabled - for instance when tests of the
auxiliary services are to be made - from a remote station by means of
the CICCHETTO OFF command. On 0-2 this pre-excitation logic is
always off.
J7: choice of the fixed or pulse equalizing. In the first case it must be set to
0-2, in the second case to 0-1. Each pulse causes the activation and
the following causes the de-activation.
J8: it is on if only one chopper per rack is foreseen.
J9: as for J7, when the request is of ON type and the following de-
activation request is of OFF type, the jumper must be on.
J10: on 0-2 chopper 2 is always enabled at START, on 0-1 it is enabled
upon the operator’s request or by the anomaly of chopper 1.
J11: on 0-2 chopper 1 is always enabled at START, on 0-1 it is enabled
upon the operator’s request or by the anomaly of chopper 2.
14.4.6 RCI Card: Manual Current Regulator and Tracking Device
This card is not available in version A, therefore all the jumpers of this version
are omitted as they have no meaning.
Jx A11 A21 A12 A22 B11 B21 C12 C22 D11 D12
J1 NC NC NC NC 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1

J2 NC NC NC NC 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1
J3 NC NC NC NC 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 OFF OFF
J3A NC NC NC NC * * * * * *
J4 NC NC NC NC 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1
J5 NC NC NC NC OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ON
J6 NC NC NC NC 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2
J7 NC NC NC NC 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1
J8 NC NC NC NC 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2
J9 NC NC NC NC 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2
J10 NC NC NC NC 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-2 0-2
J1/J2: Synchronizing voltmeter. They send the regulators’ alignment signal

to external stations. In version A this signal comes from the voltage
regulator (VCR or VCRR card). In versions B and C they control the
error of the automatic / manual control signals, while in version D they
control the error of two control signals between AUT1 and AUT2.
J3: REGMAN(-)EXT, on 0-2 it sends the control signal to the chopper. On
0-1 during tests it is possible to directly send the control signal to the
chopper. In the Double Automatic version it is OFF as the control signal
of the second regulator enters on pin H7A in order to generate the error
signal on L3A.
J3A: it is on if used for the flat activation control. It is normally OFF.
J4: it is used to send the channel alignment error to the tracking device. It
is always set to 0-1.
J5: it is on only in the Double Automatic version.
J6: it sends the current signal from the Hall-effect transducer and it is
always set on 0-2.
J7: Azzer: it is always set to 0-1 and is used to acknowledge the switchover
once the alignment has been performed.
J8: the increase / decrease commands are sent in order to track the
regulators, they are always set to 0-2.
J10: ALG*. In versions B and C it must be on 0-1 in order to inhibit the
switch upon a request of switchover to manual with the channel not
available. In version D it must be set to 0-2 in order to control the other
Automatic channel.
14.5 Card Setting Procedure
The settings listed below refer to the settings made on the trimmers located
on the front side of some of the cards. In this respect the following is to be
pointed out:
- inside the cards there are setting trimmers that are usually used only in the
card testing phase and normally need no further setting in the starting phase;
- on the front side of some cards there are setting trimmers that are to be
adjusted according to the function of the system;
- on the back panel there are other setting trimmers mainly connected to
optional functions.
If a faulty card is to be replaced, once the card has been extracted it is

necessary to remove the trimmer customization panel and place it on
the new card without any further setting. The trimmers inside the card
must not be re-set.
14.5.1 VCR Card Setting
On the front side of the card - on the bigger part - the following trimmers are
located:
- P1: KP, regulator response time, 10-120

- P2: εpu, static gain of the regulator, 0.003-1
- P3: Kc, dynamic gain of the regulator, 0.24-1
- P4: KB, dynamic gain reduction
- P5: KF, TF/KP
- P6: +IECC, excitation current feedback
- P7: IECC, current setting for Brushless
1) KP, range 120-10. Trimmer with one revolution generally set at half stroke
in order to make the regulator fast enough. For a correct and better setting it
is necessary to check the behaviour at the regulator’s step with the aid of a
recorder.
2) εpu, static gain of the regulator. In the Brushless version, it must be set at
about one third of the range. If oscillations are noted in the machine current,
the gain must be further reduced.
3) Kc, dynamic gain of the regulator. It is obtained from the relation Kc =
Vceil/VET, where Vceil is the ceiling voltage obtained with the maximum value of
the control signal and VET is the excitation voltage at the air gap. The value of
the control voltage recorded at the excitation voltage at the air gap is given by
Vc = 10/Kc, where 10 is the maximum value of the control voltage. Therefore,
it is necessary to put the regulator in manual mode with an excitation voltage
equal to the air gap voltage and set P3 in order to have a voltage equal to Vc
on PT13R obtained as described above.
4) KB, this trimmer allows to reduce the maximum range of the control signal.
For the static case, this setting is excluded, so the trimmer is completely
activated.
5) TF, time constant obtained from: TF = T’do x [(x’d+xe)/(xd+xe)]. As the setting
can be made within the range 0.9 - 5.6 seconds, P5 is to be set so as to
obtain the value that can be derived from the above relationship.
6) +IECC, P6 is to be set so as to obtain 1.9 V on TP12R. This setting is used
in the potentiometric manual mode.
7) IECC, it is used for Brushless so as to have 1 V on TP16L by means of P7.
14.5.4 VCRR Card Setting
On the front side of the card - on the bigger part - the following trimmers are
located:
- P1: KP, regulator response time, 10-120

- P2: εpu, static gain of the regulator, 0.003-1
- P3: Kc, dynamic gain of the regulator, 0.24-1
- P4: KB, dynamic gain reduction
- P5: KF, TF/KP
- P6: +IECC, excitation current feedback
- P7: IECC, current setting for Brushless
1) KP, range 120-10. Trimmer with one revolution generally set at half stroke
in order to make the regulator fast enough. For a correct and better setting it
is necessary to check the behaviour at the regulator’s step with the aid of a
recorder.
2) εpu, static gain of the regulator. In the Brushless it must be set at about one
third of the range. If oscillations are noted in the machine current, the gain
must be further reduced.
3) Kc, dynamic gain of the regulator. It is obtained from the relation Kc =
Vceil/VET, where Vceil is the ceiling voltage obtained with the maximum value of
the control signal and VET is the excitation voltage at the air gap. The value of
the control voltage recorded at the excitation voltage at the air gap is given by
Vc = 10/Kc, where 10 is the maximum value of the control voltage. Therefore,
it is necessary to put the regulator in manual mode with an excitation voltage
equal to the air gap voltage and set P3 in order to have a voltage equal to Vc
on PT13R obtained as described above.
4) KB, this trimmer allows to reduce the maximum range of the control signal.
For the static case, this setting is excluded, so the trimmer is completely
activated.
5) TF, time constant obtained from: TF = T’do x [(x’d+xe)/(xd+xe)]. As the setting
can be made within the range 0.9 - 5.6 seconds, P5 is to be set so as to
obtain the value that can be derived from the above relationship.
6) +IECC, P6 is to be set so as to obtain 1.9 V on TP12R. This setting is used
in the potentiometric manual mode.
7) IECC, it is used for Brushless so as to have 1 V on TP16L by means of P7.
14.5.3 RCOS Card Setting
This card has no trimmer panel. In this case the settings are made inside the
card. More precisely, it is necessary to check the following values based on
the options:
a) Cosϕ/Q regulation: in stop status extract the internal jumper J5, send the
cosϕ regulation request and - by means of the Aum Cos and Dim Cos buttons
- check the range of the reference on TP19R (+10V -10V). If the
potentiometric regulation is foreseen, TP13R is to be checked. If the DCS
regulation is foreseen, the ranges can be checked on TP13R by switching to
local in order to act through the potentiometer and by switching to remote in
order to receive the 4-20mA computer signal. The range of the computer
value can be read on TP11R and it varies from -0.88V and -4.44V. On TP15R
it is possible to check what the real cosϕ reference will be. This depends on
the user’s needs. The regulation is calculated in order to make cosϕ vary
between -0.7 and +0.7 or Q between -1pu and +1pu. The user can restrict the
range by means of the internal trimmers P6 and P5A. This setting should be
carried out during testing, as it is necessary to check that with the starting
signal 4mA the minimum value - that can be regulated through P6 - is
obtained, while with P5A the IC31 gain can be regulated so as to increase or
decrease the range that can be obtained on TP15R.
As regards the V/Hz option, it is necessary to intervene on the trimmer on the
back panel described in paragraph 15.2.
14.5.4 PLT Card Setting
On the front side of the card there is a panel with 8 setting trimmers whose
functions are described below:
- P0: zero setting of the excitation current instrument

- P1: setting of the threshold of the overexcitation limit operation with Iecc
control
- P2: Adj P to set the value of converted P
- P3: Adj Q to set the value of converted Q
- P4: setting of the machine voltage feedback
- P5: gain of the underexcitation limit operation
- P6: Iecc setting
- P7: setting of the gain of the overexcitation limit operation with Iecc control
1) P0, the setting of the excitation current instrument is carried out through the
P0 trimmer. The instrument’s scale is set through trimmer P19 on the back
panel. P6 is to be set before this setting can be made.
2) P1, a setting should be made in order to have +3V on TP20R.
3) P2, with 50% of P and the machine voltage at the nominal value (on TP14R
and TP12R approx. 6V must be available) 5Vcc are to be measured on
TP16R.
4) P3, with 60% of Q and the machine voltage at the nominal value, +5Vcc
are to be measured on TP15L (Q supply).
5) P4, setting of the machine feedback; it is to be measured on TP15L of the
VCRR card or on TP18R of the VCR card, -10Vcc at the machine nominal
value.
6) P5, set to about a half. A lower of higher value set for this trimmer allows to
set the input and output in regulator’s underexcitation limit.
7) P6, at the nominal value of the excitation current -3V is to be measured on
TP17R.
8) P7, set to about a half. A lower or higher value set for this trimmer allows to
set the input and output in the regulator’s overexcitation limit.
The following back panel settings are also to be made for this card:
1a) P19, setting of the excitation current instrument: with -3V on TP17R (value
at nominal current) it is necessary to intervene on P19 to set the instrument so
that to make the value of the real current correspond.
2a) P13/P14: setting of the generator/motor compound contribution whose
value can be read on TP16L.
4a) P25, setting of Qmin on TP18R for underexcitation limit. If for instance the
minimum value is -50%, TP18R must be +5V at the machine nominal value.
5a) P24, intercept Qinter > Qmin on TP19R.
6a) P26, slope of the limit straight line. On the machine capability curve trace
the straight line passing through Qinter and the point Qm,Pm where Pm is the
maximum value of P that can be supplied by the machine with the Qmin
value. On the axis of power P get the intercept value Px; with P = 50% set
P26 so as to have [Qinter(pu)/Ppu] x 0.5 V = TP19L on TP19L.
7a) P21, maximum current of the automatic channel, set to have the value to
be compared with TP17R on TP13R, usually at +6V.
14.5.5 PLT* Card Setting
The settings for this optional card must be carried out on the back panel:
1) P15, setting of the mains voltage for equalizing function. At the nominal
mains value set to get +10V on TP11R.
2) P8, P contribution for overexcitation limit in P and Q. Set to have 4.5V on
TP14L with the maximum P and Q supplied.
3) P10, set so that with Q only the intervention occurs at the maximum Q
value allowed by the capability curves.
4) P12, it is used to vary the operation of the limit when the machine voltage
varies.
5) P7, it is used for setting when the equalizing function with a different point
is required, for example downstream the machine transformer.
14.5.6 RCI Card Setting
On the front side of the card the following trimmers are available:
- P2: IMAX, setting of maximum current, manual

- P3: -Iecc, setting of the manual regulator’s current feedback
- P4: IEO, loadless current setting
- P5: Kc, gain of the current regulator
- P6: ERRAUT/MAN, automatic / manual error setting
- P7: Imin, setting of the minimum current to enable the alarms
1) Set P2 in order to have on TP16R a value that can vary from 1.5 to 2 times
the nominal current. It is usually set to +6V.
2) The manual current feedback is set so that with the maximum value of the
reference (11V) at the most the circulation of the nominal current is obtained,
that is 4.6V on TP19L.
3) Set P4 so that when operating in parallel and with load the opening of the
parallel switch causes the supply - in manual mode - of current with no load. If
K is the In/Ieo ratio, a value of V1 = (Vrifmax.0.7)/K must be present on TP14R.
When the parallel switch opens, on TP14R there is:
15/30 x [20+(10/15 x 10 x K)] = TP14R.
4) The regulator’s gain is calculated with P3 at about half of the trimmer
range.
5) Set P6 so as to have a minimum error on TP17R without creating strong
oscillations to the synchronizing voltmeter.
6) Set P7 at the maximum value on TP14L: approximately 13.8V.
15. Back Panel
15.1 Presettings on the Back Panel
Jx A11 A21 A12 A22 B11 B21 C12 C22 D11 D12
J1 OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF OFF

J2 OFF ON OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF
J3 OFF 0-1 OFF 0-1 OFF 0-2 OFF 0-2 OFF OFF
J10 0-1 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-1 0-2 0-2
J11 0-1 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-1 0-2 0-2
J20 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1
J21 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF
J22 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-1 0-1
J30 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON* ON*
J31 * * * * * * * * * *
J32 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5
J33 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75
J34 OFF OFF OFF OFF 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-2 0-2
J35 * * * * * * * * * *
J36 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34
J37 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17
J39 OFF OFF OFF OFF 0-2 0-2 0-1 0-1 0-2 0-1
J40 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37
J41 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68
J42 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
J43 * * * * * * * * * *
J44 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
J45 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
J46 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08
J47 * * * * * * * * * *
J50 ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON
J51 OFF 0-1 OFF 0-1 OFF 0-1 OFF 0-1 OFF 0-2
J52 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-2 0-2
J53 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1
J54 OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ON ON ON OFF OFF
J55 OFF OFF OFF OFF 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-2 0-2
J57 ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON
J60 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1
J62 * * * * * * * * * *
J70 * * * * * * * * * *
J71 * * * * * * * * * *
J72 * * * * * * * * * *
J73 * * * * * * * * * *
J74 * * * * * * * * * *
J75 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF 0-1 0-1 OFF OFF
J76 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1
J81 * * * * * * * * * *
J82 ON ON ON ON OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ON
J83 * * * * * * * * * *
J84 * * * * * * * * * *
J85 * * * * * * * * * *
J86 * * * * * * * * * *
J87 * * * * * * * * * *
J88 * * * * * * * * * *
J89 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1
J90 * * * * * * * * * *
J91 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34
J92 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37
J93 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37
J94 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68
J95 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08
J96 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
J97 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
J98 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
J99 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5
J100 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75
J101 * * * * * * * * * *
J102 * * * * * * * * * *
J103 * * * * * * * * * *
J104 * * * * * * * * * *
J105 OFF OFF OFF OFF 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 OFF OFF
J106 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 OFF OFF OFF OFF 0-1 0-1
J1: the signal of fault of the second chopper, CHT2OFF, is sent to the PLT
card if on 0-1. On 0-2 on the same card a 0 appears.
J2: control signal +GPG*. It is used in the potentiometric AUT/MAN
versions. As an option it may be used in AUT/MAN: the output of the
VCRR and RCI cards are put in parallel, an internal AUT/MAN
command selects which of the signals must be enabled. It may be used
when you do not want to go through card PLT with the control signals
and have a complete independence from the cards.
J3: it send the +GPGAUT signal from the VCRR(L12A)card or GPG from
the PLT (H20B) card. In the first case it must be set to 0-1 and is used
in the potentiometric Automatic / Manual version with two choppers. It
is used on 0-2 in Automatic / Manual with tracking with two choppers.
In the other cases it is OFF.
J4/J5: they send the voltages for the supply to the electronics to the
second chopper: they must be set to 0-1 in case of separate power
supply (manual channel with manual chopper), otherwise on 0-2.
J10/J11: they have the same meaning as the previous ones, however for
the automatic channel.
J20: it has the same function as J1 for chopper 1.
J21: it has the same function as jumper J3 for the automatic channel.
J22: it sends the +GPGAUT signal to chopper 1 on position 0-1, on 0-2 the
GPG signal from the PLT card is sent.
J30: it is used in the Double Automatic version and detects the cages of the
automatic 1 and 2: AUT1 jumper open; AUT2 jumper on.
J31*: cicchetto off, it is used to activate or de-activate the primer function
from a remote station. It must always be on in the version in which the
start with primer is foreseen. It is also used when a distinction must be
made between start from standard and manual start from auxiliary
services. In this case, the “cicchetto off” command must be sent in
order to start from a zero voltage and gradually increase (short-circuit
tests or loadless characteristic).
J32/J33/J36/J37/J40/J41/J42/J44/J45/J46: they determine the preset
value of the static reference of the manual regulator. The values
indicated in the table refer to an 11V setting.
J34: it sends the AUT/MAN signal to pin H9B of card RCI. It is not activated
in potentiometric Automatic / Manual mode and is set to 0-1 in
Automatic / Manual. In the Double Automatic version it is set to 0-2.
J35*: it is on if the MTR signal is required.
J38: it is on only in the Double Automatic version, in the other
configurations it is OFF.
J39: it signals the status of the second power supply. In the potentiometric
Automatic / Manual version with one or two power supplies the jumper
is absent. In the Automatic / Manual configuration - where the RCI card
is foreseen but there is only one power supply - the jumper is set to 0-
2. If two power supplies are present, the connection is on 0-1.
J43*: on for MTR VELOCE (RAPID MTR)
J47*: on for RAMPA VELOCE (RAPID RAMP)
J48: it is off in all versions but the Double Automatic.
J50: it is always on except in the AUT2 regulator where it is open as in this
version there is a chopper for each channel, so chopper 1 of channel 2
must give the same signal as chopper 2.
J51: it is used together with the previous one, with two choppers it is set to
0-1, otherwise it is OFF. In the Double Automatic version it is set to 0-2.
J52: it sends the AUT/MAN signal to pin H9A of card PLT. In the
potentiometric Automatic / Manual version the connection is set to 0-2
to send the A/M signal (Automatic or Manual selector). In Automatic /
Manual the connection is between 0-1.
J53: it is on 0-1 in all versions, it is set to 0-2 in regulator 2 in the Double
Automatic version.
J54: in the potentiometric Automatic / Manual version it is OFF; it is on in
Automatic / Manual mode as it sends the Manual Regulator Anomaly
signal; it is open in the Double Automatic version.
J55: it sends the Back-up Regulator Fault signal to card PLT. In the
potentiometric Automatic / Manual version there is no back-up
regulator, therefore the connection is open. In the Automatic / Manual
version it must be set to 0-1 while in the Double Automatic version it is
on 0-2 because the second Automatic Regulator must be controlled.
J56: it is OFF in all versions except in the Double Automatic version.
J57: it is always on. It is open only on the cage of regulator 2 in the Double
Automatic version.
J60: it is usually set to 0-1 as the Iecc/Man signal is taken from the same
transducer of the automatic channel. It is on 0-2 only when two current
transducers - one for the automatic channel and one for the manual
channel - are foreseen.
J61: on 0-1 it arranges the operation at 60 Hz for the PSS card; on 0-2
such arrangement is made from a remote station.
J62: on 0-2 PSS is disabled only locally, while on 0-1 the enable / disable
command can be sent from a remote station.
J63: when on it is a further de-activation of PSS.
J70: on 0-1 the converted value of Q is sent from card PLT to card COS or
RCOS, on 0-2 an external signal of Q is sent.
J71: on 0-1 the converted value of P is sent from card PLT to card COS or
RCOS, on 0-2 an external signal of Q is sent.
J72: with the jumper open we are in the cosϕ regulation; on 0-1 in Q
regulation, on 0-2 the selection is made externally from a remote
station.
J73: when the jumper is open the V/Hz limit is enabled, on 0-2 it is
disabled.
J74: when the jumper is open the operation of the V/Hz limit is not reset,
while on 0-1 an automatic reset occurs. On 0-2 the reset is performed
from a remote station.
J75/J76: on 0-1 the +15V power supply is sent to the Hall-effect transducer
respectively for the manual and for the automatic channel, card ITR.
On 0-2 the +24V signal is sent. This is used when there are SDR cards
(rotating diode control)
J81: with the connection on there is no offset of the machine voltage on the
overexcitation limit, while with the jumper OFF the machine voltage is
offset.
J84/J85: on 0-1 -15V is sent for the Hall-effect transducer, ITR card, while
on 0-2 the -24 V signal is sent when the SDR card is used.
J86: when the motor is operating it is open, for the generator it is on 0-1.
This selection is local only. For the remote control the connection must
be set to 0-2.
J87: on 0-1 the PLT card signal 52EON is always on “1”, while on 0-2 it is
remotely controlled.
J88: on 0-1 the COMPOUND is enabled locally while on 0-2 the command
is executed from a remote station.
J89: it is always on 0-2 so that the IEA signal from the Hall-effect
transducer is sent to the VCRR and PLT cards. It is on 0-2 only in
TEST when the connection is made from a simulator.
J90: on for MRT on Automatic channel.
J91/J92/J93/J94/J95/J96/J97/J98/J99/J100: they determine the preset
value of the static reference of the manual regulator. The values
indicated in the table refer to an 11V setting.
J101: on for MTR VELOCE (RAPID MTR) in the automatic channel
J102: on for RAMPA VELOCE (RAPID RAMP) in the automatic channel
J103/J104: on 0-1 the potentiometer P17 on the back panel is activated for
the potentiometric manual reference or for a current level; on 0-2 the
multiple-revolution potentiometer is taken to card VCRR.
J105: it is always off in the potentiometric automatic / manual version while
it is on 0-2 in the automatic / manual version.
J106: on 0-1 the potentiometric signal is sent as a control signal of the
manual mode, while on 0-2 the signal from card RCI is sent.
15.2 Back Panel Settings
P1 : 10K H17B
H16A PSS Setting of the P threshold from 10% to
30%
H16B
P2 : 10K H21B
H22B PSS Setting of Kω from 0 to 15.7
H20B
P3 : 10K H1A
H2A RCOS Gain setting
H1B
P4 : 10K H2B
H13B RCOS Setting of the threshold between 0.58
and 1.42 p.u.
H3B
P5 : 10K H3A
H4A RCOS 1 p.u.
H9A
P6 : 100K H4B
H5B RCOS Setting of I²t
H5A
P7 : 100K H10B PLT* Setting of VIN/VOUT for VM* (according

to the
H4A equalizing point
P8 : 10K H9B PLT* Setting of P for overexcitation limit

made on P and
H4B Q
P9 : 10K H9B
H8B PSS Kp setting from 0 to 0.5
H7B
P10 : 10K H2A PLT* Setting of Q for overexcitation limit
made on P and
H8A Q
P11 : 10K H14A

H15A RCOS Resolution setting from 0 to 0.02 p.u.
H13A
P12 : 100K H2B PLT* Setting of the machine offset in

overexcitation with
limit made in P and Q
P13 : 50K H2B PLT Generator compound from 0 to 23%Q

H3B
P14 : 100K H4B PLT Motor compound from 0 to 46%

H3B
P15 : 10K H5B PLT* Setting of the mains voltage

H3B
P16 : 10K H15A

H16A VCRR Setting of constant current LIV1
H15B
P17 : 10K H16B

H18B VCRR Setting of constant current LIV2 or
potentiometric
H17A reference
P18 : 10K H8B VCRR Setting of the minimum value of the
static reference
with 4-20 mA signal
P19 : 100K L4A PLT Setting of the excitation current

instrument
L11A
P20 : 10K L6B VCRR Setting of the static reference

instrument
L8B
P21 : 10K L7A PLT Setting of maximum excitation current
P22 : 10K L7B VCRR Setting of the static reference

instrument offset
L13B
P23 : 10K L10B PLT Setting of the potentiometric manual

maximum current
P24 : 10K L3A PLT Setting of the underexcitation limit
intercept
L11A
P25 : 10K L3A PLT Setting of Q minimum in

underexcitation limit
L17B
P26 : 10K H5B PLT Setting of slope in underexcitation

limit
L16B
15.3 Terminal-Board Potentiometers
10K 32
33 RCOS Setting of cosϕ/Q
78
10K 30 29
coaxial 31 74 RCOS Setting of the V/Hz limit
76 75
10K 25
26 VCRR Potentiometric manual setting
77
10K 20 24
coaxial 58 72 VCRR Setting of the minimum frequency
shutdown
12 70

Automatic Voltage Regulator AVR100S Operation, Use and Maintenance Instructions

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Automatic Voltage Regulator AVR100S Operation, Use and Maintenance Instructions

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ABB

AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR

OPERATION, USE AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS

Issue/Revision Issued by: Viewed/checked by:

Issued on 07/29/95 A. Pitacco G. Singuaroli

ABB Industria SpA

1. General Features of the AVR100S System

2. Composition of the Equipment

5. Logics and Protections

6. Measures and Signals

10. Block Diagrams

11. Drawings of the Overall Dimensions

12. General Installation Procedure

13. Description of Signals and Alarms

14. Regulation Rack

15. Back Panel

The main function of the regulator consists in energizing with continuous

AVR100S-A: Automatic voltage regulator and manual current regulator,

AVR100S-B: Automatic voltage regulator and manual current regulator (to be

AVR100S-C:Automatic voltage regulator and manual current regulator totally

The AVR100S regulator is composed of a 19” rack where Europe format

Overall dimensions of the 19”

The power unit is composed of:

3.1 Chopper Stage

3.2 Field Contactor and Discharge Resistance

Due to operation factors or shutdown causes, for the operation of a

When the excitation system is derived from a transformer that is energized by

3.4 Pre-excitation Circuit

4.1 Regulation Configuration

The AVR100S regulator is equipped with automatic voltage regulation which -

AVR100S-A: Automatic voltage regulator and manual current regulator,

AVR100S-B: Automatic voltage regulator and manual current regulator (to be

In the case of the single-chopper configuration, the control signal to the

AVR100S-C: Totally independent automatic voltage regulator and manual

A suitable tracking system between the two regulators guarantees the

A suitable tracking system between the two regulators guarantees the

4.2.1 AD/DC Power Supply to the ALI1 Automatic Channel

4.2.2 Voltage Regulator and Stabilizer

The conversions are carried out by means of Tvs and Tas.

4.2.3 Manual Regulator

The peculiarity of this configuration consists in the regulation of current and

4.2.5 Machine Voltage Conversion and Compound

The purpose of this card consists in giving a signal proportional to the

4.2.6 Overexcitation Limit

4.2.7 Underexcitation Limit

The aim of the tracking consists in guaranteeing a switchover from automatic

4.3 Optional Functions

The following optional functions may be implemented:

4.3.1 Constant Power Factor Operation

4.3.2 Regulation at Constant Power

4.3.3 Voltage Equalizing

4.3.4 Reaction Power Zero Setting

4.3.5 Gradual Energization of the Generator and/or the Mains

4.3.7 Electromechanical Oscillation Stabilizer

The stabilization system is included in the automatic voltage regulation ring so

4.3.8 Start at Constant Current

4.3.9 Pre-excitation Circuit (priming)

4.3.10 Negative Ceiling Device (outside the rack)

It can be connected in order to improve the response features of the regulator

4.3.11 Stator Current Limit

It is composed of a card inserted in the regulation rack. The generator’s

4.3.12 DC/DC Power Supply to the ALI2 Manual Channel

The regulator is arranged in such a way as to be able to accept a 4-20 mA