Third month internship report

Activities that have been observed during this month:-

1. Plastering and finishing

2. Roof slab
3. Stair case at 8th floor

1.Plastering in construction refers to the process of covering walls and uneven surfaces after
masonry work so as to achieve a smooth finish and even surface. This protects the wall from
damages, wear and tear and increases the durability of the surface.  
Plasters are one of the oldest construction materials that function as a protective agent and a
decorative coating that seals together the building materials, adds strength to the building, and
increases the durability and aesthetics of the masonry walls and concrete surfaces. 
Gypsum plaster is obtained as a dry powder from partial or complete dehydration of gypsum. Heating
forces the water in gypsum to evaporate and produces a fine powder. When this powder is then mixed
with water and applied over bricks, walls or cement, it hardens and re-forms to form a smooth surface
called gypsum plaster. 
Gypsum plastering has received widespread acceptance and adoption as a construction material in the
last decade and has been revolutionizing the Ethiopian construction industry. The miraculous
properties of gypsum plaster has enabled, in reality, the construction of greener, cheaper and faster
buildings
Some advantages of gypsum
1. Ease of application- It is very easy to apply gypsum plaster to a surface with bricks, blocks, etc. as
they do not require a separate finishing.
2. Produces a smooth surface- Gypsum plasters produce a smooth surface with levelled corners
unlike other plasters like sand cement that result in cracks. 
3. Do not require putty- Walls plastered with Gypsum are paint-ready as they are smooth and do not
require putty or whitewashing. 
4. No curing required- Unlike cement plasters that require water curing for 21 days to settle down,
gypsum plasters do not require water curing and so saves 75% of construction time. 
5. More economical and uses less resources
 6. Faster setting time- Gypsum plasters sets in 25-30 minutes and the gypsum plastered walls are
paint-ready in 4 days when compared to cement plasters that require 15 days to settle. Gypsum
plasters attain their inherent strength in 78 hours. 

Disadvantages of gypsum plasters

1. Gypsum plasters retain dampness and so are unfit to use in outside walls, or in other areas like
bathrooms that are continuously wet. 
2. Because exposure to moisture or water reduces the strength of the plaster, they should be stored in
dry platforms. 
3. Lower shelf life- Gypsum has a shelf life of 3-4 months but when stored with caution it can be
extended up to 6 months.

2.slab Roof construction

The building is a 10 story building and the roofing was reinforced concrete slab the reinforcement
has been stated as follows:-
Reinforcement for slab
 The lower reinforcement Ø8 both in the x and y direction
 The negative bar 1/3rd of the total length Ø10 in both direction
 Slab thickness 15 cm
Reinforcement for beam
 the upper and lower reinforcement 6 Ø16
 Negative bar 1/3rd of the total length 3 Ø16
 Beam dimension 35*30
3.Stair case at 8th floor
Area of the stair case
 length of the slab 4.2m
 width of the slab 1.8m
 rising 15 cm
 step 35 cm
Reinforcement of the stair case
 longitudinal reinforcement 12 Ø20 at spacing of 15 cm
 c bar 9 Ø8
 3 mesh on each step Ø8