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Civil Engineering Internship Report
Civil Engineering Internship Report
Introduction
Engineering is the professional art of applying science to the optimum conversion of the
resources of nature to benefit man. As a career-oriented applied education, Civil
Engineering Students Internship Program (CESIP) bridges the gap between theory and
practice and provides students with practical, field based, real world experiences during
their years of study. CESIP provide us the following opportunities:
2. Aim
The aim of this report is to apprise you about the practical experience gained by us from
ongoing project activities during the package of CESIP.
3. Development of a Project
The following are the few factors which generally taken into account while selecting a
site
1. Location
2. Climate of region
3. Availability of raw materials for
4. Cost and time frame
5. Population of the region
The selection of a site for affordable housing should reflect the particular needs of the
population that housing development will serve. An important consideration is the
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location of the property in relation to the services residents will need to access, such as
shopping, medical, schools and transportation. Location of the site may also have a
significant impact on the cost of project.
In “Genetic Limited” we have found that they have a survey team. In the initial stage
they visit the site and find if the condition is satisfactory according to their company
policy. While selecting the sites they follow some of the criteria. Like-
Soil Investigation is carried out for designing a right type of foundation safely and
economically, a designer must possess sufficient information about the physical
properties and the arrangement of underlying materials. The field and laboratory
investigations required to get this essential information is known as soil exploration.
a) Introduction.
b) Location & level.
c) General notes on sub-soil investigation.
d) Scope of the work.
e) Field investigation.
i. Drilling & recording.
ii. Standard Penetration Test (SPT)
iii. Disturbed sample collection.
iv. Undisturbed sample collection.
v. Ground water table.
f) Laboratory test.
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vii. Unconfined compression test.
viii. Consolidation test.
g) Determination of bearing capacity.
h) Determination of pile capacity.
i) Foundation recommendation.
From SPT test we can find the hard soil strata. If the depth of the hard strata is low, then
shallow foundation can be used. Otherwise pile foundation is used.
Type of pile such as precast concrete or cast in situ R.C.C. Pile depth & diameter is
mentioned in the recommendation.
In Genetic Limited we found that they outsource other company for soil testing. During
our training we have gone through some of the soil test report and found many
anomalies. (A sample is attached as Appendix-C) Those are described below:
1. They have not collected any undisturbed soli sample for clay layer. But they have
conducted the “Unconfined Compression Test” by sample
U-1which they have not mentioned in their bore hole log.
2. In case of “Direct Shear Test” for clay they have shown zero Cohesion, which is
not possible in practical.
3. The total percentage of sand & silt shown in the grain size analysis does not
match up with the percentage shown in the summary.
4. The value of unconfined compressive strength obtained from the graph does not
match with the result they have shown.
1. Calculate loads from structure, surcharge, active & passive pressures, etc.
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2. Characterize soil – hire a firm to conduct soil tests and produce a report that includes
soil material properties
3. Determine footing location and depth – shallow footings are less expensive, but the
variability of the soil from the geotechnical report will drive choices
4. Evaluate soil bearing capacity – the factor of safety is considered here
5. Determine footing size – these calculations are based on working loads and the
allowable soil pressure
6. Calculate contact pressure and check stability
7. Estimate settlements
8. Design the footing structure – design for the material based on applicable structural
design codes which may use allowable stress design.
Designing superstructures requires considering the pressure and force they will exert
on the finished construction and balancing this to address concerns about safety and
stability. The size of the superstructure is an important factor in base design, as the base
of the structure must be able to support the entire laden weight. In building
construction, there may be concerns about structural integrity in earthquakes and high
winds. During designing Engineer should have a clear idea about the rules/codes like-
BNBC, RAJUK & local rules etc. and apply them correctly.
The superstructure is also the highly visible part of a structure. For the purpose of
determining the maximum stresses in any structure or member of a structure, the
various loads have to be taken into account such as:
Once the required calculations for the structure are done, certain checks are performed
to make sure that the structure remains durable, sound and stiff.
Periodic inspections are conducted to make sure the structure is still sound, checking
for issues like the development of rust, holes, and other issues. In Genetic Limited They
mainly rely on outsourcing for the structural design.
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3.5 Project Planning and Management
Initiating
Planning
Executing
Monitoring and Controlling
Closing.
The process balances the key project constraints and provides a tool for making
decisions throughout the project based on stakeholder values, performance metrics,
established procedures and project goals.
Effective project management includes strategies, tactics, and tools for managing the
design and construction delivery processes and for controlling key factors to ensure the
client receives a facility that matches their expectations and functions as it is intended
to function.
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Arranging amendments to the building consent where necessary.
Arranging the final inspection for the code compliance certificate.
In “Genetic Limited” the “Management Dept.” looks after the overall process & a
separate “Purchase & Construction Dept.” responsible for the construction
management. In this company has minimum one experienced diploma engineer in each
project & an AGM (Area General Manager) for each specific zone, who are always
responsible for the projects management on ground.
3.6 Construction
When a project is executed on the site it has to cover up a sequential order from its
initial stage to final stage. This generally includes:
1. Site mobilization
2. Drawing collection
3. Proposed area check
4. Pilling /Earth cutting
5. Pile cap /Footing
6. Column
7. Grade beam
8. Column
9. Slab & beam
10. Brick Layout
11. Lintel & false slab
12. Grill fitting & door floor fitting
13. Grove cutting for electrical wire
14. Inside & outside plaster
15. Sanitary work
16. Electrical wearing
17. Tiles
18. Paint
19. Fitting Works
During our visit we observed many steps of this project execution on ground.
Pre-Construction Phase
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• Labor facility
• Storage facility
Basement: If there is basement floor in the plan. Then in addition the following
structure is taken consideration.
• Shore pile/Sheet pile
• Earth excavation
• Bracing fitting
• Retaining Wall
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PL Height Setting: In general PL height is measured by considering the main road level
as the datum.PL is set 2’-3’ above the datum. High flood level is rarely taken
consideration during this task.
Water Tank: There are two water tanks in every project. One is underground & other is
overhead. We arbitrarily calculated capacity of some of the water tank.
According to their design the water tank has a capacity of 22,167 litres.
They have calculated assuming 6 members per flat with 45 gallon/day consumption for each.
They multiply the total consumption amount with around 2.5 for some uncertainty in water
consumption.
Septic Tank: The design of septic tank is generally done for that project only where
there is no connection with the central sewerage pipe. Area like Basundhara Mirpur
DOHS there are aseptic tank for every project but in Gulshan the waste is directly
connected to the sewerage line.
Shuttering material: There are various types of shuttering materials used during the
construction process having their own advantages & disadvantages.
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Figure 6: Bamboo & wood shuttering
Figure 5: Steel Props
Cement: Cements are brought to the site according to the demand. It is kept in a dry
place. The maximum age of the cement in the site is generally 1-2 week. They always try
to use the fresh cement.
Storage Facility: Storage facility in construction is not that much good. Because of the
scarcity of open land sometimes it appears to be very difficult to store the materials.
This problem generally arises during the initial stage. Again in some places like-
Basundhara there are certain rules which hampers the good storage facility.
Availability of Construction Tools: For tools supply the company fully depend on the
contractor. It is their liability to supply the tools on demand.
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During Construction
Concrete Work: In most of the project concreting is done by ready mix concrete. If any
difficulties arose on conveying ready mix concrete then only the hand mix procedure is
done. Especially in Basundhara there are restrictions on trucks.
Slump test is rarely done on the site. Cylinder blocks are prepared during casting &
tested on labs.
For concrete lifting on higher places rope hoist is set up.
Figure 8: Preparation of cement mortar Figure 9: Rope hoist for lifting concrete
Maintaining Clear Cover: Clear cover is generally maintained by rectangular block are
used in slab & beam and a triangular type block is used in column.
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Reinforcement Detailing: Placing the reinforcement is done according to the design.
All the specifications are given in the design. The following faults are generally found:
Incorrect spacing
Position of the hook
Position of the lapping
Figure 13: Incorrect positioning of hook Figure 14: Standard placement of hook
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Column Construction: After setting up the reinforcement and shuttering column is
casted. A column has an initial portion named as “kicker”. This portion is generally 6-
9inch.It has following causes:
make the column centered as per the grid line
Columns are generally constructed in two phase. Now a days using of steel shuttering in
column casting has been increased for its structural importance. Some admixtures are
used as plasticizer in column construction.
Slab & Beam Construction: Slab & beam are constructed monolithically.
Water tank & septic tank construction: While constructing water/septic tank a
special type of admixture named as “foam loop” is used to make the structure water
proof.
Electric Features: In every project there is substation & generator facility. A HT line is
connected from PDB 440volt to the main electric supply line then LT line distribute then
to MDB & SDB.in main distribution board 4-10 rm, sub distribution board 2.5 rm,
switch board 1.5 rm cable is used.
Plumbing Features: Plumbing features are installed & checked in every point by
applying water pressure. Most of the pipes are made of plastic. The gases lines are
installed though in most of the project have not the gas connection yet.
Figure 15: Electrical wires in switch board Figure 16: Main panel board
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Paint: The painting process they followed is as such:
They have used distemper for inner wall & Weather coat for outer wall of Three coats.
Some tiles making sounds indicate void space beneath the tiles. These types of tiles
should be removed & replaced. But in general they don’t replace it.
• According to the company’s law they always hang on a placard in a place which
can be seen easily, in which safety measures are written. It is company’s rules to
make the labor aware about the safety by the concerned site
supervisor/engineer in every Tuesday. But rather doing this on the fixed day
they choose a favorable time in the week & remind the safety measures to the
labor.
• It is found that though the labor knows about the safety measure, they don’t
follow them strictly all the time.
Only when you have completed all the necessary planned activities will you truly
complete your project.
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Everything else stems from completing activities:
Time - by completing activities within the planned time, the overall completion
date of the project will be met.
Money - by completing activities within the planned time helps assure associated
areas of the cost budget are not exceeded. Only when an activity has been
completed fully can you draw a line under its actual cost, with certainty.
Risk - only when an activity is fully completed can any risks associated with its
implementation be considered fully mitigated.
Resources - only when an activity has been fully completed, can its resources be
efficiently reassigned to subsequent scheduled tasks.
Following are list of items builder handover apartment owners during handover
of apartment and its amenities.
Copy of Building plan and approval plan: All building plans need to be
approved by the local authority (i.e. RAJUK). The company has to handover copy
of building plan and approval plan to the owner to prove the apartment and all
its amenities are constructed as per plan approved by concerned authority.
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4. Administration
Design
i. To prepare an architectural design for the proposed project as per the demand of
land owner.
ii. Then the design is sent to the structural engineer.
iii. After getting the structural design, if there is any recommendation for changing
the design, they change the design accordingly.
iv. Then the design is sent to the concerned authority for approval.
Accounts
i. This department controls the money flow and prepares a rough estimate
ii. After receiving the budget from Managing section they send it to the higher
authority.
iii. After singing the budget from the higher authority they send the budget to the
AGM.
iv. To pay the bill of the contractor according to the terms & conditions set by the
company.
Management
i. To select a suitable land. (Area not below than 5 Katha-for this company).
ii. Consulting with the land owner about the terms & conditions followed by their
company & negotiate with the land owner about the price.
iii. To inquiry about the essential certificates & reports & justify them correctly.
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iv. To see the all the legal aspect of the project.
v. Make a rough cost estimation report for the project.
Marketing
Logistics
5. Engineering Ethics
Engineers uphold and advance the integrity, honor and dignity of the engineering
profession by
1. Using their knowledge and skill for the enhancement of human welfare and the
environment;
2. Being honest and impartial and serving with fidelity the public, their employers
and clients;
3. Striving to increase the competence and prestige of the engineering profession;
and
4. Supporting the professional and technical societies of their disciplines.
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Engineers should follow the following code of ethics:
1. Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public and
shall strive to comply with the principles of sustainable development in the
performance of their professional duties.
2. Engineers shall perform services only in areas of their competence.
3. Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner.
4. Engineers shall act in professional matters for each employer or client as faithful
agents or trustees, and shall avoid conflicts of interest.
5. Engineers shall build their professional reputation on the merit of their services
and shall not compete unfairly with others.
6. Engineers shall act in such a manner as to uphold and enhance the honor,
integrity, and dignity of the engineering profession.
7. Engineers shall continue their professional development throughout their
careers, and shall provide opportunities for the professional development of
those engineers under their supervision.
6. Conclusion
The aim of a civil engineer is to plan and design various types of structures. This will not
be possible unless he involves himself in ground oriented tasks. A project engineer is
mostly responsible for implementing the structural design on ground. He needs to have
depth of knowledge and foresightness so that his project does not stuck up for material
scarcity, manpower, any special equipment or any other project related problem like
requirement of dewatering in an excavation pit. This should be also theoretically
covered along with practical orientation. So CESIP will help us immensely in gathering
knowledge of project management.
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7. Recommendation
i. In CESIP program projects should be planned in such a manner that the whole
process of construction can be seen step by step.
ii. Proper mixing of cement, sand, water so that honeycomb does not develop.
iii. Shuttering materials should be removed with care so that it cannot affect the
structure.
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Appendix A of
Internship Report
Letter of undertaking:
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Appendix B of
Internship Report
Project locations:
Gulshan-1
Phoneix Plot-8, Block A, Niketon, Gulshan-1, Dhaka.
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