1. Calcium carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid according to the equation shown.

CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl 2 + CO2 + H2O

10 g of calcium carbonate is reacted with 100 cm3 of 1 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid.

The following statements are made.

1 1.2 dm3 of carbon dioxide is formed.

2 5.6 g of calcium chloride is formed.
3 4.8 g of carbon dioxide is formed.
4 No calcium carbonate is left when the reaction is completed.

Which statements about the reaction are correct?

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 3 and 4

2. Calcium carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.

The equation for the reaction is shown.

CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl 2 + H2O + CO2

1.00 g of calcium carbonate is added to 50.0 cm3 of 0.0500 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid.

Which volume of carbon dioxide is made in this reaction?

A 30 cm3 B 60 cm3 C 120 cm3 D 240 cm3

3. Phosphorus reacts with oxygen to form phosphorus(III) oxide as shown.

4P(s) + 3O2(g) → 2P2O3(s)

Which mass of phosphorus(III) oxide is produced from 6.2 g of phosphorus?

A 1.1 g B 5.5 g C 11.0 g D 22.0 g

4. Magnesium carbonate decomposes on heating to form magnesium oxide and carbon dioxide as
shown.

MgCO3 → MgO + CO2

How much magnesium carbonate is needed to make 5.0 g of magnesium oxide?

A 3.5 g B 4.0 g C 6.5 g D 10.5 g

5. 90 g of glucose is dissolved in water.

The glucose solution is fermented.

C6H12O6 → 2CO2 + 2C2H5OH

glucose, Mr = 180 ethanol, Mr = 46

After the fermentation finishes, 6.8 g of ethanol is obtained from the solution.

What is the percentage yield of ethanol?

A 7.4 B 7.6 C 14.8 D 29.6

7 Propane burns in oxygen.

C3H8 + xO2 → 3CO2 + yH2O

Which values of x and y balance the equation?

x y

A 5 4
B 7 4
C 10 8
D 13 8

8. 25.0 cm3 of 0.100 mol / dm3 aqueous sodium hydroxide is neutralised by 24.6 cm3 of dilute
sulfuric acid.

What is the concentration of the dilute sulfuric acid?

A 0.0508 mol / dm3

B 0.0984 mol / dm3
C 0.102 mol / dm3
D 0.203 mol / dm3
 9. A tablet contains 0.080 g of ascorbic acid (Mr = 176).

What is the concentration of ascorbic acid when one tablet is dissolved in 200 cm3 of water?

A 9.1 × 10–5 mol / dm3

B 4.5 × 10–4 mol / dm3

C 9.1 × 10–2 mol / dm3

3
D 2.3 × 10–3 mol / dm

10. Aqueous copper(II) sulfate is electrolysed using copper electrodes.

What are the ionic half-equations for the reactions that occur at each electrode?

anode cathode

A Cu → Cu2+ + 2e– Cu2+ + 2e– → Cu

B Cu2+ + 2e– → Cu Cu → Cu2+ + 2e–
C 4OH– → 2H2O + O2 + 4e– Cu2+ + 2e– → Cu
D 4OH– → 2H2O + O2 + 4e– 2H+ + 2e– → H2

11. The diagram shows the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of X using inert electrodes.

power
supply

– +

aqueous
solution of X

Hydrogen is produced at the cathode and chlorine is produced at the anode.

What is X?

A concentrated copper(II) chloride solution

B concentrated hydrochloric acid

C dilute hydrochloric acid
D dilute sodium chloride solution
12 Which substance is not produced during the electrolysis of concentrated aqueous
sodium chloride?

A chlorine
B hydrogen
C sodium
D sodium hydroxide

13 The diagram shows a simple cell.

voltmeter
wire

metal P metal Q

dilute
sulfuric acid

Which pair of metals produces the largest voltage?

metal P metal Q

A magnesium iron
B magnesium copper
C zinc iron
D zinc copper

14. Chlorine displaces bromine from aqueous potassium bromide.

The ionic equation for the reaction is shown.

Cl 2 + 2Br– → 2Cl – + Br2

Which statement about this reaction is correct?

A Bromide ions act as an oxidising agent.

B Bromide ions are oxidised when electrons are lost.
C Chlorine acts as a reducing agent.
D Chlorine is reduced when electrons are lost.
15 In the blast furnace, iron is formed when iron(III) oxide reacts with carbon monoxide in a redox
reaction.

Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2

Which substance is the oxidising agent and which substance is the reducing agent?

oxidising agent reducing agent

A CO Fe2O3
B CO2 Fe
C Fe CO2
D Fe2O3 CO

STRUCTURE QUESTION
Titanium is extracted from an ore called rutile. Rutile is an impure form of titanium(IV) oxide, TiO2.

(a) R
utile is mixed with coke and heated in a furnace through which chlorine gas is passed. The
product is gaseous titanium(IV) chloride, TiCl 4.

TiO2(s) + 2C(s) + 2Cl 2(g) TiCl 4(g) + 2CO(g)

The gaseous titanium(IV) chloride produced is condensed into the liquid state. The
titanium(IV) chloride is then separated from liquid impurities.

uggest the name of the process by which liquid titanium(IV) chloride could be separated
(i) S
from the liquid impurities.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) C
arbon monoxide, CO(g), is also produced in the reaction.

Why should carbon monoxide not be released into the atmosphere?

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Calculate the volume of chlorine gas, Cl 2(g), at room temperature and pressure, that reacts
completely with 400 g of TiO2(s) using the following steps.

TiO2(s) + 2Cl 2(g) + 2C(s) TiCl 4(g) + 2CO(g)

● Calculate the relative formula mass, Mr, of TiO2.

Mr of TiO2 = ..............................
 ● Calculate the number of moles in 400 g of TiO2.

.............................. mol

● Determine the number of moles of Cl 2 that react with 400 g of TiO2.

moles of Cl 2 = .............................. mol

● Calculate the volume of Cl 2 that reacts with 400 g of TiO2.

volume of Cl 2 = .............................. dm3

[4]

(c) Titanium(IV) chloride, TiCl 4, is heated with an excess of magnesium, in an atmosphere of

argon.

(i) Balance the chemical equation for the reaction.

TiCl 4 + ..... Mg Ti + ..... MgCl 2

[1]

itanium(IV) chloride can be reacted with sodium instead of magnesium.

(ii) T

he reaction between titanium(IV) chloride and sodium is similar to the reaction between
T
titanium(IV) chloride and magnesium.

rite a chemical equation for the reaction between titanium(IV) chloride and sodium.
W

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

uggest why the reaction between titanium(IV) chloride and magnesium is done in an
(iii) S
atmosphere of argon and not in air.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]
 fter titanium(IV) chloride is heated with magnesium, the unreacted magnesium is removed
(d) A
by adding an excess of dilute hydrochloric acid to the mixture.

The dilute hydrochloric acid also dissolves the magnesium chloride.

The dilute hydrochloric acid does not react with the titanium or dissolve it.

(i) Give two observations and write a chemical equation for the reaction that occurs when
dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with magnesium.

1 ..........................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................

chemical equation ...............................................................................................................

[3]

(ii) Name the process that is used to separate the titanium from the mixture after all the
magnesium has been removed.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Titanium does not react with the dilute hydrochloric acid or dissolve in it.

Suggest why titanium does not react with dilute hydrochloric acid.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(e) M
agnesium cannot be produced by electrolysis of aqueous magnesium chloride using inert
electrodes.

(i) N
ame the product formed at the negative electrode (cathode) during the electrolysis of
aqueous magnesium chloride.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Suggest how magnesium can be produced from magnesium chloride by electrolysis.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 16]