Name: Dzharl Ecenzze R.

Ringka
Course and Section: BSAF 1-2

Asynchronous Activity 1

1. Types and Components of An Aircraft Airframe

- An airframe is defined as a basic structure of an aircraft. It doesn’t include the
engine. It consists of the wings, fuselage, tail assembly, and landing gear. All
forces within an aircraft are all incorporated into the airframe. An aircraft is like a
bird that needs wings to fly. Wings help the aircraft to fly. Also known as foil, it
produces a force called lift. The lifting force needed is mostly generated by the
airflow above the wings. The fuselage is the plane's body. It is built to hold the
crew, passengers, and cargo. The fuselage’s size varies depending on the type
of aircraft. Primary and secondary control systems make up the aircraft flight
control systems. The primary control is used to mainly control the plane while
secondary controls help improve an aircraft’s performance. The aileron, elevator,
and rudder constitute the primary control system. Ailerons are controlled by a
yoke and a stick. It is located on the back end of the tip and controls the aircraft
roll and bank. When it is moved to the left, the left aileron is deflected up right
and the right aileron is deflected down (causing the plane to turn left), vice-versa.
Next, elevators are small moving sections attached to the back horizontal
stabilizer. It controls the plane's pitch and climb. When the pilot moves the
controls forward, the elevator rotates. It then deflects the air and causes the pitch
to change. Lastly, rudders are controlled by rudder pedals. When the pilot moves
one of the rudder pedals, a cable connected to it will move the rudder to move. A
force is then applied, causing the plane to yaw. According to the video, the pilot
moves the steel cables and rods. This action causes the physical linkages to
move the other controls. A pilot’s job is already tiresome. It is a good thing that
most general aviation aircrafts are equipped with a secondary flight control
system to make their job easier. Secondary flight control systems consist of two
things namely: flap and trim. These two allow the aircraft to use a shorter runway
and aid it for a smoother landing.
Name: Dzharl Ecenzze R. Ringka
Course and Section: BSAF 1-2

2. Aircraft Construction Materials

- An aircraft is made using metallic and non-metallic materials. These include
alloys (provides the quality that a pure metal doesn’t have) , aluminum ( a
versatile metal known for its lightness and flexibility) , magnesium ( lightest metal
used for aircraft construction) , transparent plastic , reinforced plastic (type of
plastic that is rot and mildew resistant ; greatly favored in aircraft construction) ,
composite, and carbon fiber materials. However, there are five materials that are
frequently used in making an aircraft namely: aluminum, magnesium, titanium,
steel, and alloys.
3. Structural Stresses of the Aircraft
- Just like humans, aircrafts also experience stressful factors. These include
tension, compression, torsion, shear, and bending. Tension is the resistance to a
force that tends to draw two things apart. The engine may pull the aircraft
forward, but air resistance prevents the aircraft from doing so. Thus, stretching
the aircraft. Compression is a stress that acts as a crushing force. It squeezes
aircraft’s parts resulting in its shrinkage. Torsion produces twisting. This type of
stress is actually made from tension and compression. Shear stress is the force
that restricts one layer of a material from sliding over the next layer. Lastly,
bending is also a combination of tension and compression.
4. Forces Acting on Aircraft
a. Thrust- force used by an aircraft to move through air ; created by the propeller
and the engine
b. Lift- a force that opposes the downward force of weight ; mainly produced by the airfoil
c. Weight- combined load of the aircraft as a whole ; includes the cargo, fuel, passengers,
baggage, and the pilot itself
d. Drag- a force that resists the aircraft’s movement through air ; maybe a result of the
airfoil developing lift (induced drag)
Name: Dzharl Ecenzze R. Ringka
Course and Section: BSAF 1-2