Name: Vestidas, Micel E.

Module No: 8 Module title: Learners with Difficulty Seeing

Course and Section: BSED-3A Major: Social Studies

APPLICATION Self Progress Check Test. Be fair with yourself. Make

this test a real gauge of what you have known from course.

Answer the following questions.

a. Discuss what is legal and educational blind?

Blindness can be defined legally and educationally. Anyone with a vision
less than 20/200 is legally blind. A person with 20/200 vision must be 20 feet
to see well what someone with normal vision sees at 200 feet. Someone
who is legally blind if their visual field is 20 degrees or less, meaning they
have a very narrow field of clear vision.
Educational blind means that not all legally blind persons are totally blind.
In total blindness the person is absolutely without sight but may have light
and movement perception and travel vision. The degrees of blindness
include light perception (person can differentiate between light and dark,
day and night), movement perception (person can detect if an object or
person is in motion or in still position) and travel vision (field of vision is
enough to travel safely in familiar areas).

b. What are the different types of problems of vision and describe and causes
of the problems of the vision?
There are four different types of problems of vision which are errors of
refraction, imbalance of the eye muscles, diseases, trauma and accidents.

✓ Errors of refraction have two main types: hyperopia or farsightedness

and myopia or nearsightedness. A refractive error is a very common
eye disorder. It occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus the images
from the outside world. Refractive errors can be caused by eyeball
length, problems with the shape of the cornea and aging of the lens.

✓ Imbalance of the eye muscles categorized into four which are

strabismus, diplopia or double vision, amblyopia, nystagmus.
Strabismus is a common condition that causes the eyes to look in
different directions when focusing. Adults may develop strabismus
from eye or blood vessel damage. Diplopia or double vision is when
you see two overlapping images instead of a single normal image.
Double vision can be sudden and cause nausea, dizziness and
headaches. Amblyopia occurs when there is a major difference
between the two eyes in their ability to focus. Nystagmus is a
condition where you can’t control your eye movement.

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 ✓ Having diseases like diabetic retinopathy, cataract, macular
degeneration, and coloboma can be a cause vision problem.

✓ Trauma and accidents are one of the main causes of visual

disabilities.

c. What are the educational programs and instructional strategies for students
with vision problems?
These are the various educational programs and instructional strategies for
students with vision problems.
✓ Encourage the student to use visual aids/resources that have been
prescribed (e.g. glasses, magnifiers, big-print books, etc).
✓ Seat the student appropriately in the classroom (e.g. in the middle
towards the front).
✓ Make sure lighting is suitable.
✓ Make efforts to eliminate the risk of glare from the desk and
whiteboard.
✓ If possible, ensure lights are coming from behind or to the side of the
student.
✓ Give clear instructions as the student may misinterpret gestures and
facial expressions.
✓ Consider the use of enlarged print/magnified worksheets.
✓ Print materials need to be clear and dark.
✓ Have lined paper for assignments (the darker the lines the better).
✓ Provide contrast on any visual materials used: black and white is best.
✓ Remember that lower-case letters are easier to read than capital
letters because they have a greater number of ascenders and
descenders, making them more visually distinctive.
✓ Supplement visual material with clear verbal explanation.
✓ Require less copying from the board or elsewhere.
✓ Increase oral activities.
✓ Use concrete material and hands-on experience whenever possible.
✓ Allow more time to complete tasks and provide breaks to combat
fatigue.

d. (Option A) If you have known some person with vision problems, write an
article about them. Their success stories and how did they overcome the
challenges they have experienced?

(Option B) Search for some person from the internet who become
successful despite their vision problem. Discuss how they triumphed over
their disability. Write an article about them.

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 Option B.

Eşref Armağan: The Incredible Blind Painter

How can someone paint mountains,

windmills, or waterfalls if they have never
seen them? How can he paint in
perspective if he can’t see it, or how can
he utilize red, blue, or yellow effectively if
they are just words to him? Moreover, why
would he want to paint pictures when he
would never be able to see his own work?
Eşref Armağan’s remarkable story has
inspired me so much that I wanted to
share it with anyone willing to listen.

Armağan, a Turkish native, was born blind.

He trained himself to write and paint as a
child, using braille to outline his pictures. He developed a particular
fondness for oil paints as a medium, and he has painted with them. Eşref’s
paintings, many of which depict stunning landscapes, have been shown in
over twenty shows around the world. At the age of 8, he created his first
painting, a butterfly, with colored pencils. He began painting on poster
paper with oil paints by the time he was 18, and painting became a passion
for him. What’s amazing about this is the fact that he was born blind but
since his early childhood he started drawing. He’s story inspires children who
struggle with disabilities or challenges of any kind. If he can overcome such
obstacles, we will also be able to do anything.

He has proven that all the information about vision in the brain is wrong.
Especially the depth in his paintings was something only a sighted person
would do. But there is a magnificent depth in his paintings. The only one in
the world. With his determined stance, has shown us that the real obstacle
in the world he clings to is in our minds. He has shown us that there is no limit
to success, so if you’re unsure whether you can achieve something or not,
remember that others have already done so. And if not, you’ll set a record.
Nothing is impossible in this world if you have a strong mindset, a heart full
of confidence and mentality full of positivity and courage. There are no
limits out here, the only limits are those that you impose upon yourself.
Dream big, believe in yourself, and take action.

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