Unit 4

Vocabulary
Inspired- made somebody want to do something
Achievement- something you have done successfully through working hard
Catapulted- threw forcefully
Dull- not interesting or exciting
Memorized- learnt so you can remember it exactly
Knowledge- an understanding of something through learning
Sundial- a type of clock that uses the shadow from a piece of metal to tell the time
Pantry- a large kitchen cupboard
Visualize- to have a picture of something in your mind
Stumble- to hit your foot against something and almost fall over
Essentially- considering the most important fact
Associate- to make a connection with something
Manoeuvre- to move around
Benefit- to have a good effect
Apply- to make practical use of something

Assign- to give a particular job or piece of work to someone (teyin etmek)

Century -a period of 100 years
Particular-xususi

Word formation:
activate, alienate(yadlasdirmaq), differentiate,
clarify(aydinlasdirmaq), exemplify (missal gostermek), simplify,
memorize, publicize, visualize

Compound adjectives
right-handed
cold-blooded –who is very cruel (soyuqqanli)
thick-skinned – who doesn’t worry about what people say about them
narrow-minded – who won’t accept new ideas (dardusunceli)
fair-haired -a person with light-coloured hair
level-headed -who is calm and sensible
kind-hearted-who is very generous
short-sighted – who can only see things which are very near(uzaqgoren)

Grammar
1. We use the past simple to talk about completed events
in the past (often with words that refer to a finished
time: yesterday, two years ago).
I went to London last weekend.
2. We use the present perfect
-to say how long a current situation has existed (often
with for and since).
Peter has lived in that house for five years.
-to talk about an experience in the past. The exact time
of the experience is not important.
'Have you ever been to Paris? 'No, I haven't.'
-to talk about events that are connected with the
present (for example, news and recent events). We
sometimes use already, just and yet.
"Is Jim here?' 'No, he's just gone.

In 2021
So far
Later
since
On one occasion

Body idioms
bite someone's head off
get cold feet get something off your chest
play it by ear
poke your nose into something
twist someone's arm
1 Get cold feet -To become afraid to do something. (çox qorxmaq, çəkinmək)
2 Put your foot in it -To say or do something that makes someone embarrassed
or upset. (pot kırmak)
3 Keep an eye on someone / something -To make sure that someone or something
is safe. (diqqətli baxmaq)
4 Split hairs -To argue about unimportant details.
5 Pull someone's leg- To play a joke on someone by making them believe
something that isn't true. (doğru olmayan bir şeyi zarafatca demək)
6 Bite someone’s head off- To reply in a very angry way.
7 Twist someone’s arm- To persuade someone to do something.(yola gətirmək)
8 Poke your nose into something -To try to become involved in something that
doesn't concern you. (başqasının işinə burnunu soxmaq)
9 Play it by ear- To decide what to do as things happen, instead of
planning in advance. (akışına bırakmak)
10 Get something off your chest- To talk about something that you've been
worrying about.

Grammar
Present perfect continuous
We use the present perfect continuous to talk about:
1 an action that began in the past and is still in
progress. We often use for or since to say how long it
has been in progress.
I've been learning English for six years.
2 an action that has recently stopped and which
explains the present situation.
I'm tired. I haven't been sleeping well.