Grammar Tenses Part II-III

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GRAMMAR
GRAMMAR
GRAMMAR
- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
SEQUENCE OF TENSES
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
MAIN CLAUSE
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
DEPENDENT CLAUSE
SUBORDINATE CLAUSE
I don’t know what he said.
DEPENDENT/
MAIN CLAUSE SUBORDINATE
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
He wondered that he had done it.
MAIN CLAUSE
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
DEPENDENT CLAUSE
SUBORDINATE CLAUSE
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- TENSE
- TENSE
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- - II- III
after even though until that whoever
although if whatever what whom
as in order to when which whomever
because since whenever who whose
before though whether
even if unless while

DEPENDENT
SUBORDINATE
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
If the tense in the principal clause is

present or future, if may be followed by any
tense in the subordinate clause required by
the sentence.
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GRAMMAR
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
Present He does it. Present

I say that He did it. Past
Principal He will do it. Future
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
Future He does it. Present

I will say that He did it. Past
He will do it. Future
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
al
A past tense in the principle clause
must be followed by a past tense in the
subordinate clause.
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
He said that he had done it.
May
Principal Past
Can
Shall subordinate
Past Will
Has
It
Am
Are
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
Exceptions
1. Subordinate Universal truth

clause
Fact
Simple
Habit Present
Proverb
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- TENSE
- TENSE
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- - II- III
Exception 2 Principal clause
Comparison
than
He liked her more
than I like her.
I like her
I will like her
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
● The teacher said the sun rises in the

east.
● They told me that all is well that ends

well.
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GRAMMAR
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
If the subordinate clause is introduced by

as if or as though , past tense is used for
the present time and past perfect tense for
the past time.
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
as if / as though
● She thinks as if she were the Queen.
● She thought as if she had been the

Queen.
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
If the subordinate clause is introduced by

conjunction lest, it is followed by should
and not by may.
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
Should, simple present
● Work hard lest you should

fail.
● Work hard lest you fail.
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
Error in the use of Tenses
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
Sequences of Tenses
Present
Present
1) P.C S.C Past
Future
Future
2) P.C - Past , S.C - Past

U.T , Fact, habit, proverb
2) exception
than
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- TENSE
- TENSE
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- - II- III
3) P.C - Present , as if , as though , were

P.C - Past , as if , as though , had been
4) lest - should , V1
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
He (finish) his work before Raja (call) for him.
had finished Called
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
would have also gone.

Had you been to Delhi, I had also gone there.
Conditional sentences
Past Perfect
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
Geeta (suffer) from fever since today.
Has been suffering
Perfect
Perfect continuous
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
The patient (die) before the doctor (come).

Had died Came
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
The pick - pocket was arrested and his pockets searched.
Were
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
has been
Hinduism is in existence from time immemorial.
Perfect
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
I asked him why he walked forward in the open field

like that.
Had
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
misunderstood
I have never and will never misunderstand you.
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
I have passed the B.Tech. examination in 1981.
Past Point
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- TENSE
- TENSE
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- - II- III
would have succeeded
Had she worked hard she (succeed) .
Past Perfect
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- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
reaches
If he will reach late, he shall be punished.
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- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
Would might
If wishes were horses, beggars may ride.
Simple present
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PART
- - II- III
Incorrect - I ran there so that I (may) meet his friend.

Might
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
have known
I know Mr. Rakesh for ten years.
Perfect
Perfect Continuous knowing
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
have caught
The Police already catch the thief.
already - Present Perfect
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
Past
The teacher told the students that the sun and the
moon were the lamps of the sky.
are
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
Were
If he am you, he would do it right away.
Simple Past Would + V1
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PART
- - II- III
had
She lived in Japan for two years before the earthquake

occurred.
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
Did I wrote that letter?

Write
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- TENSE
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PART
- - II- III
You spoke as though you was very angry.

had been
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PART
- - II- III
Will have killed
He will killed the dog before you bring

a refile.
Future Perfect 2 actions
future
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
Will
This rumour may have spread through the town
before you make efforts to check it.
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
Why he went there yesterday?
did he go
did + V1
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- - II- III
had been
You were talking as if she was a millionaire.
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- - II- III
will
Would have taken her
By the time we reach his place , she (take) his
breakfast
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PART
- - II- III
had fallen
Yash was unhappy as though he (fall) from a

high social position.
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was working
When I went to meet him, she (work) in his
garden.
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- TENSE
- TENSE
PART
- - II- III
He was so lame that he (can) hardly walk.

Could
Past
We eat so that we _____live.
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GRAMMARGRAMMAR
-- AND
- ACTIVE TENSE
TIME
GRAMMAR - PART
-AND
PREPOSITIONS
PASSIVE - TENSE
III - II
VOICE
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GRAMMAR GRAMMAR
GRAMMAR ---AND
-- ACTIVE
ACTIVE TENSE
TENSE
TIME
GRAMMAR - PART
-PART
AND
PREPOSITIONS
AND
- ADVERB
PASSIVE
PASSIVE --TENSE
III
II -- III
VOICE
VOICE
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GRAMMAR ---AND
-- ACTIVE
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TENSE
TIME
GRAMMAR - PART
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AND
PREPOSITIONS
AND
- ADVERB
PASSIVE
PASSIVE --TENSE
III
II -- III
VOICE
VOICE
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GRAMMAR GRAMMAR
GRAMMAR ---AND
-- ACTIVE
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TENSE
TIME
GRAMMAR - PART
-PART
AND
PREPOSITIONS
AND
- ADVERB
PASSIVE
PASSIVE --TENSE
III
II -- III
VOICE
VOICE
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Grammar Tenses Part II-III

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ENGLISH

He wondered that he had done it.

after even though until that whoever

although if whatever what whom

as in order to when which whomever

because since whenever who whose

before though whether

even if unless while

If the tense in the principal clause is

Present He does it. Present

Principal He will do it. Future

Future He does it. Present

He will do it. Future

He said that he had done it.

1. Subordinate Universal truth

Exception 2 Principal clause

● The teacher said the sun rises in the

● They told me that all is well that ends

If the subordinate clause is introduced by

● She thinks as if she were the Queen.

● She thought as if she had been the

If the subordinate clause is introduced by

● Work hard lest you should

● Work hard lest you fail.

Error in the use of Tenses

2) P.C - Past , S.C - Past

3) P.C - Present , as if , as though , were

He (finish) his work before Raja (call) for him.

had finished Called

would have also gone.

Geeta (suffer) from fever since today.

Has been suffering

The patient (die) before the doctor (come).

The pick - pocket was arrested and his pockets searched.

I asked him why he walked forward in the open field

I have passed the B.Tech. examination in 1981.

Incorrect - I ran there so that I (may) meet his friend.

Perfect Continuous knowing

already - Present Perfect

Simple Past Would + V1

She lived in Japan for two years before the earthquake

Did I wrote that letter?

You spoke as though you was very angry.

He will killed the dog before you bring

Why he went there yesterday?

Yash was unhappy as though he (fall) from a

He was so lame that he (can) hardly walk.

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