Slide for IIX Webinar

Joko Suryana
What is the Internet?
• “A network of networks”
• … using IP, the Internet Protocol?
• A collection of useful online applications
• … connected by competing service providers?
• A platform for innovation
• … and for social and economic development?
• A borderless “Cyberspace”
• … inhabited by free-roaming netizens?
• A critical global infrastructure
• … and enabler of e-commerce, e-governance, e-citizenship… ?
• Frankly speaking :
• Internet for learning, working, playing, transactions and many more
 Internet Ecosystem Stakeholders
ICANN
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
Regional Internet Registries
World Wide Web Consortium RIRs
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
International Telecommunication Union International IANA
Telecommunications Standardization Sector
gTLDs
Naming
Other Standards Bodies and Addressing ccTLDs
W3C . Governments
Local,
ITU-T .
Specialized Bodies . National, Governmental
Open Regional, and Regional Organizations
Internet Society
Affiliated Organizations Standards Global Policy Multilateral Institutions
IETF . Development Development
IAB . Internet Society
Internet Engineering Task Force
IRTF . INTERNET Chapters
Internet Architecture Board
ECOSYSTEM Individual Members
Internet Research Task Force
Organization Members
Shared Global Education
Root Servers Other Policy
Services and and Capacity
Discussion Forums
Network Operators Operations Building
Service Creators/Vendors Governments
Internet Exchange Points Internet Society
Users
gTLDs Chapters
Individual Members
ccTLDs
Organization Members
Multilateral Institutions and
gTLD:Generic Top-level Domain Individuals Organizations Development Agencies
ccTLD:Country Code Top-level Domain Businesses
Machines/Devices Internet Community
Service Creators and Organizations and Businesses
Governments Equipment Builders Universities and Academic Institutions
Internet Resilience
• The Internet connects a large number of independent networks, which cooperate to
ensure that each network’s users can reach every other network’s users ‟ directly or,
much of the time, indirectly.”
• The resilience of the Internet as a whole depends on each network ‟ from its end users
to its interconnections with other networks ‟ being resilient. That is under the control of
each network, individually and independently.
• Each direct connection between two networks is a bilateral and generally private arrangement.
Each direct connection is under the shared control of the two networks.
• Most traffic, however, does not pass directly between networks, but crosses one or more other
networks between source and destination. These indirect connections are underpinned by a
system of incentives and bilateral agreements (formal and informal).
• The system of direct and indirect connections between networks, and the incentives and
agreements that underpin those are, together, the Internet Interconnection Ecosystem.
• The resilience of the Internet as a whole depends on the resilience of that
interconnection ecosystem, which is beyond the control of any network.
 A Simplified Model of the Internet Ecosystem Resilience

• An Internet ecosystem comprises

a relatively small number of
transit providers, generally
connected to each other either
directly or at an IXP. Those transit
providers each serve a number
of ISPs and content providers
/distribution networks.
• An internet ecosystem is resilient
if it continues to offer acceptable
service despite damage to, or
failure of, parts of the system. It
is important to remember that
the ecosystem is the sum of a
large number of independently
managed networks ‟ so
considering its resilience is not
quite like considering the
resilience of even a very large
individual network.

• Having identified the major components of the ecosystem, it may be possible to identify key factors which affect its resilience :
• physical diversity ‟ which is not easy for an individual network to achieve and maintain, and much, much harder for a system of independently managed networks.
• spare capacity ‟which may be designed into an individual network, but may or may not exist, in the right places, in the system of interconnections between networks.
• management systems ‟ which in this context means the ability to organise the recovery of the system as a whole, not just individual operator’s networks.
• systemic problems ‟ which, by definition, may be capable of simultaneously affecting large parts of this large system.
• cascade failure ‟ which could also simultaneously affect large parts of the system.
Role of Internet Exchange Points (IXPs)
• Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) are now well recognised as a vital part of the
Internet ecosystem and essential for facilitating a robust domestic ICT sector.
• To bring faster, affordable, and resilient connectivity to people, local Internet
stakeholders often turn to Internet exchange points (IXPs). IXPs are a critical
digital infrastructure where networks come together to connect and exchange
Internet traffic.
• A primary role of an IXP is to:
• Keep local Internet traffic within local infrastructure and to reduce costs associated with
traffic exchange between networks.
• Improve the quality of Internet services and drive demand by reducing delay and improving
end-user experience.
• Create a favorable environment for local Internet infrastructure and service development
e.g. local content and shared services.
• Act as a catalyst for overall Internet development through knowledge sharing and capacity
building.
IXP Transformation
• Stage 1 : Implement IXP for increasing internet traffic
localization
• Stage 2 : Set an ambitious goal that X % (nearly 100%) of
Internet traffic would be locally accessible by year 202X.
Transforming the IXPs into multisite and multicity IXPs with at
least one node in a carrier-neutral data center
• Stage 3 :
• Awareness of the benefits of local content hosting and peering at
the IXP among a broad range of stakeholders must be raised,
which can be achieved via targeted capacity building and
information exchange, led by, or with the participation of the IXPs.
• In particular, local content developers who currently host their
content outside the country, should host it inside the country to
benefit from lower latency and thereby also increase local traffic.
• In addition, smaller Internet service providers (ISPs) should connect
to their local IXPs in order to widely peer with other members and
thereby increase the efficiency of their interconnections.
• Aggregation of demand for backbone capacity and local content
hosting can help lower costs for smaller ISPs and local content
developers respectively, to help enable them to connect to their
local IXPs.
• Domestic backbone infrastructure must also extend beyond the
main landing point for submarine cables and main population
center into other population centers, to further lower the cost of
exchanging traffic and accessing content locally.
• Finally, an environment of trust and collaboration is key to the
successful growth of any technology infrastructure. Stakeholders
must communicate and connect as equals, working together
toward common stated goals and outcomes.
• As a result, all of the large international content providers added at
least one edge cache in the country, and many also added a point
of presence (PoPs)
IXP Selection Criterias

The Top 10 IX Selection Criteria

1.Telecommunications Access Issues
2.Deployment Issues
3.ISP Current Presences
4.Operations Issues
5.Business and Legal Issues
6.Cost Issues
7.Credibility Issues
8.Exchange Population Issues
9.Existing vs New Exchange?
10.Internet Exchange Point Regional
Route Strength
IXP Selection Criterias
1. Telecommunications Access Issues : Fiber,
Wavelengths, Circuits, etc, Layer 1 and 2
preferred vendors, Speed to provision access
in?
2. Deployment Issues : How get equipment in?,
Costs of deployment, Space, power
availability, Sufficient capacity now?
3. ISP Current Presences : Get peering set up
quickly
4. IX Operations Issues : Private Peering
supported?, Access? Security?, Colo choice?,
Sufficient Capacity?, Legal time for
contracts?, Upgrade space/power?
5. Business Issues : Supporting competitor?,
Neutrality–visitor and tour sheets available to
colo and carrier sales, Business interests
impact the success of the IX, Regulatory
environment in effect has an impact as well
6. Cost Issues :Transport, Colo, Equipment,
Port and install fees, etc, Minimize cost of
peering, maximize value into the future
(everything grows)
7. Credibility Issues :Will they ever reach
critical mass? Does it have the financial
backing to make it there?, Backing and
credibility to attract the more valuable
peering candidates.
8. Exchange Population Issues : Who else is
there? (Besides my target peer), Is there a
transit sale possible?, “Cost savings is cool
but revenue generation is sexy”, ISPs prefer
a well populated IX over one trying to reach
critical mass.
9. Existing vs Emerging IXP : ISPs prefer an
existing IXP over an emerging one
10. Regional Route Strength : Number of
participants, Amount of traffic Peerable,
Uniqueness of routes, Some Regional
IXPsare strong in access to different routes.