CBCT 2203

Basic Concepts of
Information technology

Topic: 7
The Internet
Learning Objectives:

By the end of this topic, you should be able to:

• Define the term “Internet”
• Discuss the history (FIVE phases of generation),
development, issues and evolution of Internet
• Identify the contents of Internet and how to manage
them
• Discuss the current and future trend of Internet
Internet

What is the Internet?

Definition of Internet
• Computers in organisation (office, university) are usually linked to a
computer network called Local Area Network (LAN)
• Users share resources like printers, communicate via electronic mails
(e-mails), share database etc.
• When two or more local area networks are combined into one big
network called inter-network or the Internet
Definition of Internet

Internet is short form of “international networking” that refers to

the largest type pf global network

Internet:
A grouping of computer networks that is very large and covers the whole
world. It operates using Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
(TCP/IP)

Intranet:
refers to a portion of the Internet that is located inside one organisation

Extranet:
is formed by linking two or more intranets
How the Internet began

• Two main researches in Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) were

intellectual sharing and computer resource sharing
• Intellectual sharing research touched on how researchers could share
opinions among themselves no matter where they were
• As a result of that research, a computer network called ARPANET was
established in 1969
• In the beginning, it connected 4 computers that were available at different
locations and by 1971, a total of 23 computers joined ARPANET
Internet Evolution
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
Phase Phase Phase Phase Phase
Before 1969 1970-1990 1990-1997 1997-2000 2001-onwards

Comm; e-mail,
File Transfer
Birth of The Internet
Protocol & Hypertext
ARPANET – explosion.
Usenet. technique was
research and Business
used. The Internet
computer transactions
reality
resource sharing
US, Europe and
Japan. Dotcom
(US only)
companies close
Users – down
Users – scientist, Users – users
universities and Users – Public
students and expended
government attention.
academicians. rapidly.
agencies.
Computers on the Internet
Host Computer
• A unique computer on the Internet
with an Internet Protocol (IP) address
• IP address is made up of four
sequential numbers a.b.c.d (e.g.:
202.187.48.7)
• A good analogy for an IP address is
the identity card number
• No two hosts on the Internet that
have the same IP address
• A computer needs to have an Internet • As a simple rule, if the computer is high
Protocol address to access the
Internet
Server Computer
• A high-powered computer used as a
platform for websites, e-mails and etc
• Two forms of identification – IP address &
Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN)
• Examples FQDN: www.oum.edu.my
(202.187.48.7)
• The analogy here is that a person has an
identity card number (IP address) and
name (FQDN)
powered, has an IP address and FQDN,
then the computer is a server
Computers on the Internet
Email address

cisldo@gsuvmi.gsu.edu

Host Institution or
Individual Name Domain
Computer organisation

Domain http://www.oum.edu.my
Name Explanation
au Country code for Australia
com Commercial organisation Protocol Malaysia
OUM
edu Educational institution
website Educational
gov Government organisation institution
Internet Content
Things available on the Internet

Research

Entertainment Communication

Shopping Content Discussion

on the
Internet

Reference
Promotion
Materials

Archived
News Source
Software
Managing Internet Information
Search Engine
The first step in searching for information is to use a search
engine.

Functions based on
robot and index Not dumb, not
intelligent either

Based on the data

brought back by the
robots, an index will be Index basically contains
built key words and in which
servers the keywords are
present
Search Engine

How a search engine work