WEB DEVELOPMENT AND

INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES 1

LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE INTERNET

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

The Internet was the result of some visionary thinking by people in the early 1960s that
saw great potential value in allowing computers to share information on research and
development in scientific and military fields.
The network, called ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), became
functional in October 25, 1969, linking scientific and academic researchers across the United
States.
It was only in 1973 that the term “Internet” was first used after ARPANET was linked with
University College of London (England, U.K.) and Royal Radar Establishment (Norway).

World Wide Web (WWW, W3 or simply “The Web”), is one of the services that use the
Internet. It is a collection of interlinked information that is s
tored in the computers all around the
world. It is the part of the Internet that supports multimedia and consists of a collection of linked
documents.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) - a set of rules for exchanging text, graphics, sound,
video and other multimedia files.
The World Wide Web or WWW was developed in CERN - Conseil Européen pour la
Recherche Nucléaire (French: European Laboratory for Particle Physics), Geneva, Switzerland.
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WWW was opened to public in 1991. Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee –

or better known as Tim Berners-Lee or TimBL, is the director of the
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
• Client – is a software program of computer that requests
information from another software program on another
computer.
• Server – is a software program that interacts with client
software in a client-server environment. It is also referred to as
a computer running the software that responds to requests for information from client
computers.

Common Terms Associated with Internet

• Address normally refers to any of the two things: the e-mail address of a user or the
URL address of a website.
• Protocol is a set of technical rules and standards for computer communication.
• Search Engine is the tool used for finding a website without knowing its URL.
• Search Engine Utility is a program installed in a search engine of the website that sifts
through the index to return web pages that matches the criteria of the searcher/user.
• Spam unsolicited e-mail messages sent to many users. It is also known as electronic
junk mail or bulk.
• Spider is also known as robot, bot, or crawler. As the name conveys, it is a program that
continuously “crawls” the Internet in search for new web pages.
• Text Editor is a program/software where the source code of HTML is typed. Examples of
these are Notepad, WordPad or MS Word.
• URL or Uniform Resource is a structured text string utilized by Web browsers, email
clients and other software to recognize a network resource on the Internet.
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Typical Types of Internet Connection

1. Dial-up Connections - This is a temporary connection
that uses one or more standard telephone lines for
communications.

2. Integrated Services Digital Network Connections (ISDN) is an

international communications standard for sending voice, video
and data over digital telephone lines or normal telephone wires.

3. Broadband Connections - This actually refers to any type of

transmission technique that carries several data channels over
a common wire.

4. Wireless Internet Connections - Wireless Internet or wireless

broadband is the most widely used Internet connection types now.
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Different Types of Web Sites

• Personal – This refers to websites that represent
individuals instead of groups or companies. This is
actually in a form of self-expression.

• Organizational/Topical – It is usually for groups such

as institutions, club or non-profit organization web site

• Commercial - A micro-scale entrepreneur and a

CEO of an international corporation share a
common intention for their commercial web sites to
endorse and sell products or services

Web Browser
• It is a specific software program that allows the display of web pages.
• Web Browser was developed the same year with World Wide Web (1993)
• Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Internet Explorer and Google Chrome are today’s most widely
used browsers.
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INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES 5

• It is a specific software program that allows the display of web pages.

• Web Browser was developed the same year with World Wide Web (1993)
• Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Internet Explorer and Google Chrome are today’s most widely
used browsers.

URL and Domain Name

One way to access a web page is to enter its distinctive address
called the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) located in the
browser’s address bar or location field.
The Domain Name System (DNS) is a categorized naming
system built on a distributed database for computers, services,
or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network.

Parts of URL and IP Address Equivalent

A domain name consists of one or more parts, technically called labels that are conventionally
concatenated, and delimited by dots, such as example.com.
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Common domain names used on the internet.

Top-Level Domain Country

Organization Country
Abbreviations Abbreviations

Com Commercial au Australia

Edu Educational Institution ca Canada

Gov Government Institution fr France

Mil Military ph Philippines

Net Network Provider sg Singapore

Org Non-profit uk United Kingdom

Uses of the internet and Web

The Internet and the Web have significantly impacted the way the world communicates,
educates, entertains and conducts businesses.

Communication
Most e-mail programs allow attaching documents, graphic, video, sound
and other computer files to e-mail messages. Similar to e-mail
messages, web pages can communicate positively or negatively.
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Education
Edutainment is a form of education which is designed to be
entertaining, in order to keep people interested and engaged.

Entertainment
Popular entertainment web sites offer music, videos, sports,
games, ongoing web episodes, sweepstakes, chats and more.

Electronic commerce or e-commerce

is the conducting of business activities online including shopping, investing and any other
venture that uses either electronic money or electronic data interchange?