LEBANESE UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF TOURISM &

HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT

Introduction to the Internet

Definition & statistics

Department: Hotel Management - Semester: 4

Academic year: 2021-2022

Prof. Hussein Chible

DEFINITION
 Information Technology (IT)
• Information technology, commonly known as IT,
is the use of technology to solve problems.

• IT is the use of computers to create, process,

store, retrieve, and exchange all kinds of
electronic data and information.

• Although IT is typically reserved for business,

home and entertainment technologies can also
fall under this umbrella.
 Components of IT
1. Hardware:
✓ Monitors, Mouses, CPU, Hard disk, printers, etc…
2. Software:
✓ Windows operating system, linux, etc…
3. Database:
✓ word documents, access database, etc…
4. Network (cloud computing):
✓ uploading/downloading files, sharing, etc…
5. People (Human Resources):
✓ persons workers on computer for different
positions.
 Information Communication
Technology (ICT)

• While IT deals with computer systems, ICT “which

stands for Information and Communication
Technology” is more inclusive of technology that
allows you to communicate with others.

• The term is a direct extension of IT, and the two

are not mutually exclusive.

https://techwithtech.com/it-vs-ict/
 Information Communication
Technology (ICT)
• Telecommunications is a term you might see thrown
around a lot when talking about ICT.

• Otherwise known as telecom, telecommunications is

the transmission of signals across long distances.

• The internet and cellular phone networks are

commonly known examples of telecom.

https://techwithtech.com/it-vs-ict/
 Components of ICT
• ICT Components:
– All IT Components
+
– Telecommunications – Internet

Then
Internet is a part of ICT.
 What is the Network?
• Networks are groups of computers that
are connected so as to allow sharing of
files and resources.

• Networks are the base for

Communications and sharing information.

• There are three types of networks:

Intranet - Extranet and The Internet.
 What is the Intranet?
– An intranet is a private network that can only
be accessed by authorized users. ...

– Some intranets are limited to a specific local

area network (LAN),

– while others can be accessed from remote

locations over the Internet.

– Local intranets are generally the most secure

since they can only be accessed from within
the network.
 What is the Extranet?
– It is a network that uses the Internet to link
multiple intranets.

– An extranet is a controlled private network

allowing customers, partners, vendors, suppliers
and other businesses to gain information, typically
about a specific company or educational
institution, and do so without granting access to
the organization's entire network.

– An extranet is often a private part of a website.

 What Is The Internet?

• The Internet is a global network of networks,

with millions of computers connected via
telephone lines, cables, and communication
satellites.

• The Internet is a global network of billions of

computers and other electronic devices.

• With the Internet, it's possible to access

almost any information, communicate with
anyone else in the world, and do much more.
 Summary
IT
Hardware
Software
Database
+ Communications
Systems
Network
People

ICT
Servers computers

Composed

Internet
Clients computers of
“Desktop -
Laptop – tablet
Smart Mobiles - ..”
INTERNET STATISTICS
 Percentage of using the internet
• In 2009, worldwide Internet users reached 1.8 billion:
• 27% of the population worldwide including 360.0 million
Internet users in China (27% of its population)
• 227.7 million users in the US (74% of its population)
(www.internetworldstats.com).

• This statistic represents an increase of 399% compared to

year 2000. In 2000 was 450 Millions.

• With the continuous growth in Internet penetration,

demographic characteristics of online population are getting
to resemble the general population.
 Internet Live Statistics

https://www.internetlivestats.com/
STAT 2011
STAT 2020
Penetration 2011
Penetration 2020
Geographic region 2011
Geographic region 2020
INTERNET HISTORY
 Internet History
• The history of the Internet began with the development of computers in the 1950s.

• This began with point-to-point communication between mainframe computers and terminals,
expanded to point-to-point connections between computers and then early research into
packet switching.

• Packet switched networks such as ARPANET, Mark I at NPL in the UK, CYCLADES, Merit
Network, Tymnet, and Telenet, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using a
variety of protocols.

• The ARPANET in particular led to the development of protocols for internetworking, where
multiple separate networks could be joined together into a network of networks.

• 1974 ABC interview with Arthur C. Clarke in which he describes a future of universal
networked personal computers.

• In 1982 the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) was standardized and the concept of a world-
wide network of fully interconnected TCP/IP networks called the Internet was introduced.
 Internet History
• Access to the ARPANET was expanded in 1981 when the National Science Foundation (NSF) developed the Computer
Science Network (CSNET) and again in 1986 when NSFNET provided access to supercomputer sites in the United
States from research and education organizations.

• Commercial internet service providers (ISPs) began to emerge in the late 1980s and 1990s.

• The ARPANET was decommissioned in 1990. The Internet was commercialized in 1995 when NSFNET was
decommissioned, removing the last restrictions on the use of the Internet to carry commercial traffic.

• Since the mid-1990s the Internet has had a drastic impact on culture and commerce, including the rise of near-
instant communication by:
– electronic mail, instant messaging, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) "phone calls", two-way interactive video calls, and
the World Wide Web with its discussion forums, blogs, social networking, and online shopping sites.

• The research and education community continues to develop and use advanced networks such as NSF's very high
speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS), Internet2, and National LambdaRail. Increasing amounts of data are
transmitted at higher and higher speeds over fiber optic networks operating at 1-Gbit/s, 10-Gbit/s, or more.

• The Internet continues to grow, driven by ever greater amounts of online information and knowledge, commerce,
entertainment and social networking.

• It is estimated that in 1993 the Internet carried only 1% of the information flowing through two-way
telecommunication.

• By 2000 this figure had grown to 51%, and by 2007 more than 97% of all telecommunicated information was carried
over the Internet.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Internet
 INTERNET
IMPORTANT
INOFRMATION
Some points to remember about the Internet

1. The Internet contains information from

billions of sources, created by people
from all over the world.

2. This information is available to anyone

with a computer and connections to an
Internet service provider.

3. The reliability and accuracy of this

information must be carefully evaluated
by the user.
Some points to remember about the Internet

4. The Internet is often described as a

"virtual library," this comparison can
be misleading.

5. Internet data increases greatly, and

there are no definitive guides to
Internet resources.
 Who owns the Internet?
• The Internet does not belong, nor is it
controlled by any one person, company,
or governing board.

• It's similar to the international

telephone system -- no one owns or
controls the whole thing, but it is
connected in a way that makes it work
like one big network.
COMPUTERS ON THE
INTERNET
 Computers Types on the internet
• Two types:
–Host Computer
–Client computer

• ALSO

Host Computer can be called Server Computer

because it provides services to users.
 Host Computer
• Each host on the Internet has a unique
TCP/IP address, a four digit number
separated it by dots.

– An example address is 156.59.20.50 which is an

example of TCP/IP address of a host
computer.

• The TCP/IP address is known as a physical

address, like the phone number of your
mobile.
 Host Computer
• TCP/IP don't mean much to users,
so logical names are allocated to
host computers as well,

Logical Name TCP/IP Name

ice.cit.ac.nz 156.59.20.50
www.ul.edu.lb 77.42.251.32

Use this website to get the IP Address of a website:

https://myip.ms/
INTERNET SERVICES
 Internet Services
1. The World Wide Web (WWW Server
Computer (or host Computer):

– Web WWW is the main part of the

Internet;
– The largest, fastest growing activity;
– Normally You need to make a Website.
– The Web consists of pages that can be
accessed using a Web browser.
 Internet Services
2. Electronic mail Server Computer (or
host Computer):
– Like Gmail, Hotmail, etc…);
– Permits you to send and receive mail.

3. And so on …..
Google Services
HYPERLINKS & URL’S
 Hyper-Links
A hyperlink is
– a word, phrase, or image that you can click
on to jump to a new `document or a new
section within the current document.

Text hyperlinks are

– often blue and underlined, but don't have
to be.
 URL's
• Stands for "Uniform Resource Locator."
• A URL is the address of a
specific webpage or file on the Internet.
 URL's
• For example, the URL of the Lebanese
University - Faculty of tourism website is
"http://www.ul.edu.lb/fthm” :

– http:// – the URL prefix, which specifies

the protocol used to access the location
– www.ul.edu.lb – the server name (host computer
name) or IP address of the server
– /fthm – the path to the directory or file
 http
While all website URLs begin with "http," several other prefixes exist.
Below is a list of various URL prefixes:
– http – a webpage, website directory, or other file available over HTTP
– ftp – a file or directory of files available to download from an FTP
server
– news – a discussion located within a specific newsgroup
– telnet – a Unix-based computer system that supports remote client
connections
– gopher – a document or menu located on a gopher server
– wais - a document or search results from a WAIS database
– mailto - an email address (often used to redirect browsers to an email
client)
– file - a file located on a local storage device (though not technically a
URL because it does not refer to an Internet-based location)
 Server name
www.ul.edu.lb in details are composed of:

1-www → Computer Name

2-ul → Name of Organization
3-edu → Type of Organization
4-lb → Country Prefix
 Abbreviations
.ca Academic .gov Government
.co Company .mil Military
.com Commercial .net Network
.edu Educational .org Organization

lb Lebanon ge Germany
au Australia jp Japan
fr France mx Mexico
it Italy nz New Zealand
BROWSERS
 What is a Browser?
• A web browser is a software application for
accessing information on the World Wide
Web.
What is a Browser?