Router/Internet

A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer

networks. Routers operate at the internet layer of the internet protocol suite and
are responsible for directing traffic between different networks based on their IP
addresses. This allows devices on different networks to communicate with each
other and access the internet. Routers typically connect to at least two networks,
including a local area network (LAN) and a wide area network (WAN), such as
the internet. They use routing tables to determine the best path for data packets
to take, and they can also provide network security and other features. A router
and a modem are both networking devices, but they serve different purposes. A
router is a device that connects multiple devices on a local area network (LAN)
and provides a way for the devices to communicate with each other and with
the wider internet. A modem is a device that connects a local network to the
internet.
 The history of routers can be traced back to the 1960s, when the concept of
packet switching was developed. Packet switching is a method of transmitting
data across a network by dividing the data into small packets and sending each
packet separately to its destination, where it is reassembled into the original
message.

In 1969, Leonard Kleinrock, a professor at the University of California, Los

Angeles (UCLA), and his team built the first router at UCLA. The router was
used to connect the university's mainframe computer to other computers on the
network
• In 1972, the first commercial routers were introduced by Xerox Corporation. These routers were used
to connect local area networks (LANs) within an organization

• ·In the 1980s, routers became more widely used as the internet began to grow. Cisco Systems, Inc.
introduced a new generation of routers that could handle the increasing traffic on the internet.

• Feel free to choose the ‘No camera’ option and record your voice only.

• ·In the 1990s, the development of the internet continued to accelerate, and routers became more
advanced and sophisticated. New features, such as network security and virtual routing, were added to
routers to meet the changing needs of networks.

• ·In the 2000s and beyond, routers have continued to evolve and become an essential part of modern
computer networks. They are now used in a wide range of applications, from home networks to large
enterprise networks.
 There are several different types of routers, including:

• Home routers, which are used to connect devices within a home to the internet. An example of a home router is the Linksys EA7500

• Wireless routers, which use wireless technology (such as Wi-Fi) to allow devices to connect to the internet without a physical connection. An example of a wireless router is
the Netgear Nighthawk R7000
• ·Virtual routers, which are software-based routers that can be used to create multiple virtual networks
within a single physical network. An example of a virtual router is Cisco Cloud Services Router
1000V.

• Core routers, which are used in the core of a network to connect multiple networks together. An
example of a core router is the Juniper Networks T1600 Core Router

• ·Edge routers, which are used on the perimeter of a network to connect the network to external
networks (such as the internet). An example of an edge router is the Cisco ASR 1000 Series
Aggregation Services Router.

• Multilayer switches, which combine the features of a switch and a router and can operate at multiple
layers of the OSI model. An example of a multilayer switch is the Cisco Catalyst 4500E Series Switch

• Each type of router has its own unique features and capabilities, and the type of router you need will
depend on your specific networking needs
 There are several advantages to using a router, including:

• Improved network performance: Routers can improve the performance of a network by efficiently
directing traffic between different networks and devices
• Network security: Routers can provide network security by blocking unauthorized access and
implementing other security measures
• Flexibility: Routers can be configured and customized to meet the specific needs of a network.

• Connectivity: Routers allow devices on different networks to communicate with each other and access the
internet.
 However, there are also some disadvantages to using a router, including:

• Cost: Routers can be expensive, especially high-end models with advanced features.

• Complexity: Setting up and configuring a router can be complex and may require technical expertise.

• Vulnerability: Like any other computer device, routers are vulnerable to cyber-attacks and
other security threats.

• Limited functionality: Routers are specialized devices that are designed for specific networking
tasks, and they may not have the same level of functionality as other types of networking devices
 • In 1969, ARPANET connected its first four nodes at UCLA,
Stanford Research Institute, the University of California, Santa
Barbara, and the University of Utah.

• In 1972, the first email was sent over ARPANET by Ray

Tomlinson, who is credited with inventing the email system
The history of the internet dates back to the
1950s, when the first advanced research
• In the 1980s, the internet began to grow and expand beyond the research
projects agency network (ARPANET) was community. The development of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
created by the United States Department of and the Internet Protocol (IP), the foundation of the internet, enabled the
Defense. The initial purpose of ARPANET was creation of the internet as we know it today.
to develop a network that could withstand a
nuclear attack, but it soon evolved into a
research network for scientists and academics • In the 1990s, the World Wide Web was introduced, which made it
easier for people to access and use the internet. The widespread adoption
of the web led to the growth of online commerce and the dot-com boom.

• In the 2000s and beyond, the internet has continued to evolve and expand.
The development of mobile devices and wireless technologies has made the
internet more accessible than ever, and the growth of social media and other
online platforms has changed the way we communicate and interact with
each other.
 There are several advantages to using the internet, including:

• Increased connectivity: The internet allows people to connect and communicate with each other from anywhere in the world.

• Access to information: The internet provides access to a vast amount of information on almost any topic imaginable.

• Convenience: The internet makes it possible to shop, bank, and access other services online, which
can save time and effort.

• Improved communication: The internet allows for real-time communication through email, instant messaging, and other
online tools

• Economic growth: The internet has created new industries and opportunities for businesses and has contributed to economic
growth.
 However, there are also some disadvantages to using the internet, including

• Cybersecurity risks: The internet is vulnerable to cyber-attacks, and personal information and
data can be at risk of being stolen or hacked.

• Loss of privacy: The internet allows companies and organizations to collect and use personal
information for their own purposes, which can invade users' privacy.

• Information overload: The internet contains a vast amount of information, which can make it
difficult to find reliable and accurate information.

• Distraction: The internet can be a distraction and can affect concentration and productivity.

• Social isolation: The internet can reduce face-to-face interactions and lead to social isolation.
 There are several different types of internet including:

• Dial-up internet: Dial-up internet is the oldest and slowest type of internet connection. It uses a phone line to connect to
the internet and has speeds of up to 56 Kbps.

• Broadband internet: Broadband internet is a faster type of internet connection that uses a cable or digital
subscriber line (DSL) to connect to the internet. It has speeds of up to 100 Mbps.

• Wireless internet: Wireless internet, also known as Wi-Fi, uses radio waves to connect to the internet. It can
be accessed using a wireless router or a mobile hotspot and has speeds of up to 1 Gbps.

• Satellite internet: Satellite internet uses a satellite to connect to the internet and can be accessed in remote or
rural areas where other types of internets are not available. It has speeds of up to 25 Mbps.

• Fiber optic internet: Fiber optic internet is the fastest type of internet connection. It uses fiber optic cables to transmit
data and has speeds of up to 10 Gbps.
 The World Wide Web is a collection of web pages, images, videos, and other digital resources that are connected to
each other using hyperlinks. The Web is accessed using a web browser and is based on the hypertext transfer protocol
(HTTP), which is a set of rules for transferring files on the internet.

In other words, the internet is the infrastructure that allows the Web to exist, while the Web is a collection of online
resources that can be accessed using the internet.
Routers and the internet are closely related and are essential components of modern computer networks. Routers are
networking devices that forward data packets between computer networks, while the internet is a global network of
interconnected devices and networks. Routers connect to at least two networks, including a local area network (LAN)
and a wide area network (WAN), such as the internet.

Routers use routing tables to determine the best path for data packets to take and forward them to their destination.
The internet is a vast network of connected devices and networks that use the internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to
communicate with each other.
Routers play a critical role in allowing devices on a LAN to access the internet and communicate with other devices
on the internet. Without routers, it would not be possible for devices on different networks to communicate with each
other and access the internet.
In short, routers are the gateway between a LAN and the internet, and they enable the flow of data between these
networks.
Abbreviation
WORD DESCRIPTION

LAN Local Area Network. It is a network of

computers and other devices that are connected together and are typically
located in the same area, such as a home, office, or school. A LAN allows
devices on the network to communicate with each other and share resources,
such as printers and internet access.

WAN Wide Area Network. It is a network of

computers and other devices that are connected together and are typically
located in different geographical areas, such as different cities, states, or
countries.

TCP It is a network communication protocol

that is used to send data over a network. TCP is a transport layer protocol,
which means it is responsible for establishing connections between devices on
a network, breaking the data up into packets that can be transmitted over the
network, and ensuring that the packets are delivered to the correct
destination.
TCP It is a network communication protocol
that is used to send data over a network. TCP is a transport layer protocol,
which means it is responsible for establishing connections between devices on
a network, breaking the data up into packets that can be transmitted over the
network, and ensuring that the packets are delivered to the correct
destination.

IP Internet Protocol. It is a network

communication protocol that is responsible for addressing and routing data
packets over a network. IP is a network layer protocol, which means it is
responsible for moving data packets from one device to another over a
network.

HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol. It is a

network communication protocol that is used to transmit data on the World
Wide Web. HTTP is a application layer protocol, which means it is responsible
for defining how messages are formatted and transmitted between applications
and servers on the web.

DSL Digital Subscriber Line. It is a type of

internet access technology that uses telephone lines to transmit data. DSL
uses frequencies that are higher than those used for voice calls, which
allows it to transmit data at high speeds over regular telephone lines. DSL
is a broadband technology, which means it provides a high-speed connection
that allows users to access the internet and other online services.

ARPANET The goal of ARPANET was to create a

network that would allow researchers at different institutions to share
information and access remote computers.
 Thank you!
Erickson Estanislao
Raymart Medina
Mickaella Simeon
Marc James Figueroa
Milette Tabaquero

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