Chapter 8: Internet

Internet Defined
• The Internet is a global system of interconnected
computer networks that use the standard
Internet Protocol to serve billions of users
worldwide.
• It is a network of networks that consists of
millions of private, public, academic, business,
and government networks, of local to global
scope, that are linked by a broad array of
electronic, wireless and optical networking
technologies.
 History of Internet
First introduced in 1969 called
ARPANET by U.S. Department
of Project Agency ( a network
The network jumped consists of four host computer)
across the Atlantic to
Europe in 1973.
In the mid-1980s National
Science Foundation (NSF), joint
In 1986 NSF created a the ARPANET.
new higher capacity
network, called NSFnet. NSFnet + APRANET = Internet
 History of Internet

ARPANET was shut down in 1990

NSFnet was shut down
in 1995
Commercial Internet backbones
were established to replace
They become the ARPANET and NSFnet
current Internet

Still Growing
 Internet Growth Trends
• 1977: 111 hosts on Internet
• 1981: 213 hosts
• 1983: 562 hosts
• 1984: 1,000 hosts
• 1986: 5,000 hosts
• 1987: 10,000 hosts
• 1989: 100,000 hosts
• 1992: 1,000,000 hosts
• 2001: 150 – 175 million hosts
• 2002: over 200 million hosts
• By 2010, about 80% of the planet will be on the
Internet
 Internet service provider (ISP)
• A business that has a permanent Internet
connection.
• Provides temporary connections to
individuals and companies for a fee.
• Regional ISP - Provides access to the Internet
through one or more telephone numbers
local to a specific geographic location.
• National ISP - Provides telephone numbers in
most major cities and towns nationwide.
How can you connect to the Internet?

• High speed connection: Connect to service

provider through a high-speed connection line leased
from local telephone company.
• Dial-up access: Computer, modem, regular
telephone line , Dial into an ISP.
• Newer high-speed technologies, DSL, Cable
modem
 Three parts of an Internet connection

Server
• Computer that
manages the Backbone Client
resources on a • Inner structure • Computer
network of the Internet that can
• Provides a • Communication access the
centralized storage lines that carry contents of
area for resources the heaviest the storage
• Also called a host amount of traffic area on the
computer server
 Internet protocol (IP) address

• Number that uniquely identifies each

computer or device connected to the Internet
• Four groups of numbers, each separated by a
period
• Number in each group is between 0 and 255
• 199.95.72.10
 What is a domain name?
• Text version of an IP address
• Components are separated by periods
• Each domain name represents one or more IP
addresses

• 199.95.72.10
• www.course.com
 The Internet’s Major Services

• The World Wide Web

• Electronic mail
• News
• File Transfer Protocol
• Chat
• Instant messaging
• Online Services
• Peer to peer services
World Wide Web (WWW) or the Web

• A worldwide collection of electronic

documents
• Each document on the Web is called a Web
page
• Can contain text, graphics, sound, and video
• Can contain built-in connections to other
documents
• A Web site is a collection of related Web
pages
What is a Web browser?

 Software program that allows you to access and

view Web pages
 Some popular browsers
 Firefox (47.4%)
 Internet Explorer (39.3%)
 Chrome (7%)
 Safari (3.3%)
What is downloading?

The process of receiving

information, such as a Web
page, onto your computer
from a server on the Internet

Can take from a few seconds

to several minutes
What is a hyperlink?

• Also called a link

• Built-in connection to
another related Web
page or part of a Web
page
• Allows you to obtain
information in a
nonlinear way
 Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

• Browser retrieves a Web page by using the URL

• Also called a Web address

http://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/index.html

address
text box
 What are the parts of a URL?

path File name

protocol domain name

http://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/index.html

Click to view Web Link

then click URLs
Next
p. 2.13 Fig. 2-10
What is a search engine?

• A software program you can use to find Web sites,

Web pages and Internet files
What is electronic commerce?

• A business  B2B: Businesses

transaction that providing goods and
occurs over the services to other
Internet businesses
• B2C: Sale of goods to
the general public
What is e-mail?

• The transmission of messages and files via a computer

network
• Use an e-mail program to work with messages

create
forward send

store print
receive
delete
What is instant messaging (IM)?

A real-time Internet communications service

• Notifies you when one or more people are online
• Allows you to exchange messages or files or join a
private chat with them
 The Services on the Internet

instant messaging
e-mail
Web
message board

chat
file transfer
 Peer-to-Peer Model
• Peer-to-peer networking involves two distinct forms.
• In a peer-to-peer network, two or more computers are
connected via a network and can share resources (such as
printers and files) without having a dedicated server.
• Every connected end device (known as a peer) can function as
either a server or a client.
• Peer-to-peer networks decentralize the resources on a
network without using a centralized server.

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 Peer-to-Peer Model
• A peer-to-peer application (P2P), unlike a peer-to-peer
network, allows a device to act as both a client and a server
within the same communication.

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