LESSON 3:
THE INTERNET AND WORLD WIDE WEB
THE INTERNET
 THE INTERNET is defined as a
worldwide network connecting to a
million of computers via dedicated
routers and servers. It is a network of
networks that consist of private, public,
academic, business and government
networks of local to global scope, linked
by a broad array of electronic, wireless,
and optical network technologies.
 The INTERNET, also called the Net, is a
worldwide collection of networks that
links millions of businesses,
government agencies, educational
institutions, and individuals.
 The INTERNET has its roots in
ARPANET, a network started in 1969 to
link scientific and academic researchers
across the United States. In 1986, the
National Science Foundation connected
its huge network, called NSFnet, to
ARPANET, creating a configuration of
complex networks and hosts that
became known as the Internet. Today,
more than 550 million host computers
connect to the Internet.
HISTORY OF THE INTERNET
 THE HISTORY OF THE INTERNET
begins with the development of
electronic computers in the 1950’s.
 Initial concepts of wide area networking
originated in several computer science
laboratories in the United States, United
Kingdom, and France.
 Before it became known as the Internet,
ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects
Agency Network) served universities,
defense contractors, and a few
government agencies. ARPANET initially
served as a backbone for
interconnection of regional academic
and military networks in the 1980’s.
VINT CERF (VINTON GRAY)
 Is an American computer scientist, who
is recognized as one of the “fathers of
the internet,” sharing this title with
American computer scientist Bob Kahn.
THE INTERNET
Who Uses the Internet?
 Teachers and Students at Universities,
Community Colleges.
 Professors and Research at Universities
and in Research Division
 Corporation
 Professionals in Businesses Large and
Small.
 State and Local Government Officials
 Reporters
 Celebrities
What Things Can Do on The Internet?
 Conduct Collaborative Research
 Conduct Free Telephone Calls
 Visit many major Museums and
Galleries Worldwide
 Provide a Forum for Exchanging
Opinions and Information
 Send and Receive Messages and
Documents around the world at low or
no cost.
TYPES OF INTERNET CONNECTION
DIAL-UP
 access is cheap but slow. A modem
(internal or external) connects to the
internet after the computer dials a
phone number.
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)
 It is an Internet connection that is
always “on”. DSL uses a router to
transport data and the range of
connection speed, depending on the
service offered.
SATELLITE
 accesses the internet via a satellite in
Earth’s orbit. The enormous distance
that a signal travels from earth to
satellite and back again, provides a
delayed connection compared to cable
and DSL.
CELLULAR
 provides wireless Internet access
through cell phones.
ISP (Internet Service Provider)
 Is an organization that provides services
for accessing, using, or participating in
the internet. Internet services typically
provided by ISPs include Internet
access, Internet transit, domain name
registration, web hosting, Usenet
service, and colocation.
CONNECTING TO THE INTERNET
REQUIREMENTS FOR CONNECTING TO
THE INTERNET
 Internet service provider - provides
you with a connection to the internet
and the software you will need to
navigate.
 Telecommunication line - a telephone
line is required to connect you to the
internet service provider.
 Modem - converts a digital signal
received from a computer into an
analogue signal that can be sent along
ordinary telephone lines, and back to
digital at the other end.
 Web browser - is software used to view
and download Web pages and various
types of files such as text, graphics and
video.
The Purpose of an IP Address Its
Relationship to a Domain Name
An IP address (Internet Protocol address)
 is a number that uniquely identifies
each computer or device connected to
the Internet.
 The Internet relies on IP addresses to
send data to computers at specific
locations.
 The IP address usually consists of four
groups of numbers, each separated by a
period.
 domain name - is the text version of an
IP address.
The Purpose of a Web Browser and the
Components of a Web Address
WEB BROWSER
 is application software that allows users
to access and view Web pages or access
Web 2.0 programs.
 With an Internet connection
established, you start a Web browser,
which then retrieves and displays a
starting Web page, sometimes called a
home page.
SERVICES OF INTERNET
E-Mail (Electronic Mail)
 is a paperless method of sending
messages, notes or letters from one
person to another or even many people
at the same time via the Internet. E-
mail is very fast compared to the
normal post. E-mail messages usually
take only few seconds to arrive at their
destination. One can send messages
anytime of the day or night and it will
get delivered immediately.
Features of E-mail:
 One-to-one or one-to-many
communications
 Instant communications
 Physical presence of recipient is not
required.
 Most inexpensive mail service, 24-hours
a day and seven days a week
 Encourages informal communication.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
 It is an Internet utility software used
to upload and download files. It gives
access to directories or folders on
remote computers and allows software,
data, and text files to be transferred
between different kinds of computers.
FTP works based on same principle as
that of Client/Server.
The basic objectives of FTP
• To give flexibility and promote sharing of
computer programs, files and data
• to transfer data reliably and more
efficiently over network
• to encourage implicit or indirect use of
remote computers using internet
• to shield a user from variations in file
storage systems among hosts.
Telnet (Remote Computing)
 is telecommunication utility
software, which uses available
telecommunication facility and allows
you to become a user on a remote
computer. Once you gain access to the
remote computer, you can use it for the
intended purpose.
WORLD WIDE WEB
 WWW is the acronym for the World
Wide Web.
 The WWW is a system that we use to
access the Internet. The WWW is
hypertext-based information retrieval
tool, it uses the hypertext to access the
various forms of information available
on the world’s different networks. One
can easily surf the Web by jumping
from one document to another using the
links in those documents.
NETIQUETTE
 which is short for Internet etiquette,
 is the code of acceptable behaviors
users should follow while on the
Internet.
Netiquette rules include:
 Keep messages short,
 Be polite,
 Avoid sending flames or spam,
 Use emoticons and acronyms,
 Clearly identify a spoiler,
 Read the FAQ,
 Do not assume material is accurate or
up to date,
 And never read someone’s private e-
mail.