Lesson 1 :

Introduction to probability
Prepared by: Ms. Jen
 OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

01 Define probability.

02 Determine the sample space of an event.

03 Solve problems regarding probability.

 probability
Probability is the branch of
mathematics concerning numerical
descriptions of how likely an event
is to occur, or how likely it is that a
proposition is true.
 Sample space
• is the set of all possible
outcomes or results of an
experiment.
• The elements of a sample space
may be numbers, words, letters,
or symbols.
SAMPLE SPACE 1 Coin

S = {H, T}
Total possible outcomes = 2
SAMPLE SPACE 2 Coins

S = {HH,HT, TH, TT}

Total possible outcomes = 4
SAMPLE SPACE 3 Coins

S = {HHH,HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT}

Total possible outcomes = 8
probability
0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1
 Let’s practice!
• If two fair coins are flipped, what is the probability of
GETTING AT LEAST ONE HEAD?

• IF THREE coins are flipped, what is the probability of:

A. GETTING AT LEAST TWO TAILS?
B. GETTING EXACTLY ONE TAIL?
 Let’s practice!
• If two fair coins are flipped, what is the probability of
GETTING AT LEAST ONE HEAD?
S = {HH,HT, TH, TT}
A = {HH,HT, TH}
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
P=
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
3
P= = 0. 75 = 75%
4
 Let’s practice!
• IF THREE coins are flipped, what is the probability of:
A. GETTING AT LEAST TWO TAILS?
S = {HHH,HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT}
S = {HTT, THT, TTH, TTT}
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
P=
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
4
P= = 0. 5 = 50%
8
 Let’s practice!
• IF THREE coins are flipped, what is the probability of:
B. GETTING EXACTLY ONE TAIL?
S = {HHH,HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT}
S = {HHT, HTH, THH}
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
P=
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
3
P= = 0.375 = 37.5%
8
 EVALUATION 1
• A six-sided die is tossed. What is the probability of:
A. GETTING a 2?
b. GETTING a 3 or 5?
c. GETTING a number that is at most 4?
d. GETTING a number that is greater than 3?
e. GETTING a number that is less than or equal to 5 ?
 HOLY ROSARY ACADEMY OF LAS PIÑAS CITY
Statistics & Probability
S.Y. 2021-2022

THANK YOU FOR COMPLETING LESSON 1.

HANDOUTS WILL BE SENT THRU THE GC.

MS. JINEVEV A. ALAYON

Subject Teacher