CE2101 Solid Mechanics (Theory)

Principal stresses
Dr. Sarmad Shakeel
Assistant Professor (Structural Engineering)

5/5/2020 Sarmad Shakeel, PhD in Structural Engineering 1

 Remember from Analytical Approach!!
𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥 + 𝜎𝜎𝑦𝑦 𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥 − 𝜎𝜎𝑦𝑦
𝜎𝜎𝜃𝜃𝑛𝑛 = + cos 2𝜃𝜃 + 𝜏𝜏 𝑥𝑥 y sin 2𝜃𝜃 (7)
2 2

𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥 − 𝜎𝜎𝑦𝑦
𝜏𝜏𝜃𝜃 = − 𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛2𝜃𝜃 + 𝜏𝜏 𝑥𝑥 y cos 2𝜃𝜃 (8)
2

𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥 + 𝜎𝜎𝑦𝑦 𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥 − 𝜎𝜎𝑦𝑦

𝜎𝜎𝜃𝜃t = − cos 2𝜃𝜃 − 𝜏𝜏𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 sin 2𝜃𝜃 (9)
2 2

𝜎𝜎𝜃𝜃𝑛𝑛 + 𝜎𝜎𝜃𝜃𝑡𝑡 = 𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥 + 𝜎𝜎𝑦𝑦

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 Principal stress and maximum shear stress
The maximum and minimum normal stresses are called principal stresses and
planes on which they act are called principal planes.

𝝉𝝉yx
σx σx

𝝉𝝉xy

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 Principal stresses
𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥 + 𝜎𝜎𝑦𝑦 𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥 − 𝜎𝜎𝑦𝑦
𝜎𝜎𝜃𝜃𝑛𝑛 = + cos 2𝜃𝜃 + 𝜏𝜏 𝑥𝑥 y sin 2𝜃𝜃 (7)
2 2

Derivative at peak is zero

Principal stresses
 Principal stresses
𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥 + 𝜎𝜎𝑦𝑦 𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥 − 𝜎𝜎𝑦𝑦
𝜎𝜎𝜃𝜃𝑛𝑛 = + cos 2𝜃𝜃 + 𝜏𝜏𝑥𝑥 y sin 2𝜃𝜃 (7)
Putting in Equation 7
2 2
Principal stresses
 Remember from Analytical Approach!!
𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥 + 𝜎𝜎𝑦𝑦 𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥 − 𝜎𝜎𝑦𝑦
𝜎𝜎𝜃𝜃𝑛𝑛 = + cos 2𝜃𝜃 + 𝜏𝜏 𝑥𝑥 y sin 2𝜃𝜃 (7)
2 2

𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥 − 𝜎𝜎𝑦𝑦
𝜏𝜏𝜃𝜃 = − 𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛2𝜃𝜃 + 𝜏𝜏 𝑥𝑥 y cos 2𝜃𝜃 (8)
2

𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥 + 𝜎𝜎𝑦𝑦 𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥 − 𝜎𝜎𝑦𝑦

𝜎𝜎𝜃𝜃t = − cos 2𝜃𝜃 − 𝜏𝜏𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 sin 2𝜃𝜃 (9)
2 2

𝜎𝜎𝜃𝜃𝑛𝑛 + 𝜎𝜎𝜃𝜃𝑡𝑡 = 𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥 + 𝜎𝜎𝑦𝑦

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Maximum shear stress

Derivative at peak is zero

Maximum shear stress
Remember the difference between two
theta’s !!
Maximum shear stress
Maximum shear stress
Maximum shear stress
Maximum shear stress
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
 Thank you

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