2014E.C.

1 st
Wolkite
Mechanica
University
l
engineerin
Mathematical modeling for
thermo-mechanical stress field
g seminar
associated with a propagating

on
crack
in homogenous isotropic
Haile S. Walie (MSc.), Wolkite University
materials
Addis A. Kidane (Ph.D.), University of
 Contents of the
presentation
Introduction 01 04 Methodology

05 Result and discussion

Statement of the Problem 02

06 Conclusion

Objectives 03
07 Limitation

01
 1. Introduction
 The ultimate goal of applied solid mechanics is to be able to design
structures
 Fracture mechanics is a field of solid mechanics deals with cracked body.
 Fracture is common in the engineering system that is operated with high
temperatures.
 many researchers and authors, to Estimate the maximum crack size that
a material can sustain safely, to relate the crack size to the applied
load, to know the amount of the critical load, to extend a crack of
known size, to know the crack extension behavior is stable or unstable
according to the applied load.
 Some of the investigations developed the stress field equations.
 (Kidane, Chalivendra and Shukla, 2010).
02
 2. Statement of the
In literature
Problem
(Kidane et al., 2010) utilized the asymptotic
approach for the solution of the 2D steady state temperature field
to be singular at the crack tip like the mechanical stress, but this
is not attainable in the real world scenario.

2
𝜕 𝜙 𝜕 𝜙
2
2
( 3 𝛿+ 2 )
𝛼 𝑙 + −𝛼 𝑇 =0
𝜕𝑥
2
𝜕𝑦
2
𝛿+ 2
2 2
2 𝜕 𝜓 𝜕 𝜓
𝛼𝑠 2
+ 2
=0 03
𝜕𝑥 𝜕 𝑦
3. Objectives
Mathematical modeling of the
thermo-mechanical stress field
associated with a propagating crack
in homogenous isotropic materials

To superimpose the developed

fields to get the final verified and
illustrated thermomechanical stress
field associated with crack.

To define the equation of motion

as a function of the displacement
potentials 𝜙 and 𝜓

To develop the temperature field

equation that can be generated in the
real operating conditions
04
 4. Methodology
4.1 A two-dimensional Heat equation

The Laplace equation

solution of which are
harmonic functions.
2 2
𝜕 𝑇 𝜕 𝑇
𝐾 2
+ 𝐾 2
=0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

05
 Cont.
Homogenizing and super positioning

¿ 𝑻 ( 𝒙 , 𝟎 )= 𝒇 𝟏 ( 𝒙 )
¿ 𝑻 ( 𝒙 , 𝒃 )= 𝒇 𝟐 ( 𝒙 )
𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝟎< 𝒙 < 𝒂 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟎< 𝒚 < 𝒃
¿ 𝑻 ( 𝟎 , 𝒚 )=𝒈𝟏 ( 𝒚 ) 06
¿ 𝑻 ( 𝒂 , 𝒚 )=𝒈𝟐 ( 𝒚 )
 Cont.
Then the complete solution for for the non-homogeneous
boundary condition is;
𝑇 ( 𝑥 , 𝑦 )=𝑇 𝐴 ( 𝑥 , 𝑦 ) + 𝑇 𝐵 ( 𝑥 , 𝑦 ) +𝑇 𝐶 ( 𝑥 , 𝑦 ) +𝑇 𝐷 ( 𝑥 , 𝑦 )

( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
∞ ∞ ∞ ∞
𝑛𝜋 𝑛𝜋 𝑛 𝜋 𝑛𝜋 𝑛 𝜋 𝑛 𝜋
¿∑ 𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛h (𝑏−𝑦) +∑𝐵𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜇𝑛𝑥) 𝑖𝑛h𝑠 (𝜇𝑛𝑦)+∑𝐶𝑛 𝑖𝑛h𝑠 (𝑎−𝑥) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑦 +∑𝐷𝑛 𝑖𝑛h𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑦
𝑛 =1 𝑎 𝑎 𝑛=1 𝑛=1 𝑏 𝑏 𝑛=1 𝑏
07
𝑏
 Cont.
Confirming the solution for the two-dimensional equation whether it satisfies the
boundary condition or not.

Temp Vs Error
5
Average Error In %

4
3
2
1
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Temprature at the three edges ◦c 08
 4.2. Applied mechanical stress.
Consider two-dimensional infinitesimal element of width and height and as well
as unit depth into the page.

¿𝜎 𝑥𝑥= ( 2𝜇+𝜆 ) 𝜀𝑥 +𝜆 𝜀𝑦 − 𝛼 ( 2𝜇+3 𝜆 ) 𝑇

¿ 𝜎 𝑦𝑦 =( 2𝜇+ 𝜆 ) 𝜀 𝑦 + 𝜆𝜀𝑥 −𝛼 ( 2𝜇+3 𝜆 ) 𝑇
¿𝜏 𝑥𝑦 =𝜇𝛾 𝑥𝑦 09
 The equations of motion for a plane problem in a homogeneous
isotropic material are given
𝜕 𝜎 𝑥𝑥 𝜕 𝜏 𝑥𝑦 2
𝜕 𝑢
¿ + =𝜌
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑡
2

𝜕 𝜏 𝑥𝑦 𝜕 𝜎 𝑦𝑦 2
𝜕 𝑣
¿ + =𝜌
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑡
2

 The displacement potentials expressed as follows;

𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜓
¿ 𝑢= +
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜓
¿𝑣= −
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 10
4.3. Equation of motion as a function 2
displacement potential.
2 2 2 𝜕 2
¿ ( 2𝜇0 + 𝜆0 ) ∇ ∇ 𝜙−𝛼 0 ( 3 𝜆0 +2𝜇0 ) ∇ 𝑇 =𝜌0 2 ∇ 𝜙
𝜕𝑡
2
2 𝜕
¿𝜇0 ∇ 𝜓=𝜌0 2 𝜓
𝜕𝑡
Where the material is isentropic homogeneous, it has similar
properties throughout the materials therefore, .

x=X-ct, y=Y, 11
The above conditions of movement can be composed as . (Kidane,
Chalivendra and Shukla, 2010)
2 𝜕
2
𝜙 𝜕
2
𝜙 ( 3 𝛿+ 2 )
𝛼𝑙 + −𝛼 𝑇 =0
𝜕𝑥
2
𝜕𝑦
2
𝛿+ 2

Where, and

And the material the parameter and are expressed as a function of

crack speed and displacement wave speeds such that;
And as well as;

12
 4.4. Perturbation of temperature fields
The smaller parameter that exists in the asymptotic approach for the
transformation of coordinates from (x, y) to (), as well as in the
general solution principle.
and
And satisfies X(0)=1 and Y(0)=1 as well as X(a)=0 and Y(b)=0.

when the smaller parameter is .

, and
∞
( 𝑥 , 𝜀 )= ∑ 𝜀 𝑋 𝑛 ( 𝑥 )
𝑛

𝑛 =0
∞
𝑦 , 𝜀 )= ∑ 𝜀 𝑌 𝑛 ( 𝑦 )
𝑛 𝑇 ( 𝑥 , 𝑦 )=𝜀2 𝐴𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑛𝜋

𝑎
𝑎 ) (
𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛h
𝑛𝜋
𝑎
( 𝑏− 𝑦 ) )
𝑛=0
𝐴 𝑛=
2
∫ 𝑓 1 ( 𝑥 ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛( 𝑛𝑎𝜋 )
𝑥 𝑑𝑥
13
asinh (𝑛𝜋
𝑎
𝑏 ) 0
 epsilon vs error %

% error from 200 degre

25
20

centigrade
15
10
5
0
0.88 0.9 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.08
value of epsilon

4.5. The solution for the equation of motion

, for
∞ 𝑛+3
𝜙 ( 𝑥 , 𝑦 ) =𝜙 ( 𝜀𝜂1 , 𝜀 𝜂2 ) =∑ 𝜀 2
𝜙 𝑛 ( 𝜂1 , 𝜂2 )
𝑛=0
∞ 𝑛+3
𝜓 ( 𝑥 , 𝑦 )=𝜓 ( 𝜀𝜂1 , 𝜀 𝜂2 ) =∑ 𝜀 2
𝜓 𝑛 ( 𝜂 1 , 𝜂2 )
𝑛=0

( )
∞ 𝑛 +3 ∞
2 𝜕 𝜙
2
𝜕 𝜙 ( 3 2
𝛿+ 2 )
∑𝜀 2
𝛼𝑙 2
+
𝜕𝜂 1 𝜕 𝜂2
2
−𝛼
𝛿+ 2
∑ 𝜀
2𝑛
𝑇 𝑛=0
𝑛 =0 𝑛 =0

( )
∞ 𝑛 +3 2 2
𝜕 𝜓 𝜕 𝜓
∑𝜀 2
𝛼𝑙
2

𝜕𝜂 1
2
+
𝜕 𝜂2
2
=0
14
𝑛 =0
 ( 𝑛 +3 ) ( 𝑛 +3 )

𝑛 ( 𝜌 𝑙 𝜃 𝑙 ,𝑡 ) = 𝐴𝑚 𝜌 𝑙
2
𝑐𝑜𝑠
1
2 ( )
( 𝑛+3 ) 𝜃𝑙 + 𝐶 𝑛 𝜌 𝑙 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 1
2
( 𝑛+ 3 ) 𝜃 𝑙 )
( 𝑛+ 3) ( 𝑛+ 3)
𝜓 𝑛 ( 𝜌 𝑠 , 𝜃𝑠 ,𝑡 )= 𝐵𝑛 𝜌 𝑠 2 1
( )
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑛+ 3 ) 𝜃 𝑠 + 𝐷𝑛 𝜌 𝑠
2
2
𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 1
2
( 𝑛+ 3 ) 𝜃 𝑠 )
Where, , , and
, , and are real constants.
1
=( 𝜂 )
2 2 2
1 +𝜂 2

𝜂2
=𝑡𝑎𝑛
𝜂1

15
 () () ( )( )
3 3
2 3 3 2 2 (3 𝛿+2)𝑎 2 π π
2
𝜙(𝜌𝑙,𝜃𝑙, 𝜃)=𝐴0𝜌𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃𝑙 +𝐶0𝜌𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃𝑙 + 𝐴1 𝜌𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2 𝜃𝑙)+𝐶1𝜌𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝜃𝑙)− K1 𝑞0 𝜌 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜌sin 𝜃 cosh (b−𝜌sin 𝜃)
2 2 (𝛿+2)𝜋 a a
( ) ( )
3 3
3 3
𝜓 ( 𝜌 𝑠 , 𝜃𝑠 ) =𝐵 0 𝜌 𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑠 +𝐷0 𝜌 𝑠 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑠 + 𝐵1 𝜌 𝑠2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 2 𝜃 𝑠 ) +𝐷 1 𝜌 𝑠2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 2 𝜃 𝑠 )
2
2 2
Recall the strain and displacement equation

𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜓
¿ 𝑢= +
𝜕𝑥 𝜕 𝑦
𝜕 𝜙 𝜕𝜓
¿𝑣= −
𝜕 𝑦 𝜕 𝑥
and , the normal strain. And the shear strain is,

16
 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ( )( ( )]
5. Result and Discussions
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
σ 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 ( 3 δ + 2 ) a π δπ π π
− − − − − − −
= (2+δ)Ϛ cos θ− δα Ϛ sin θ A−C (2+δ1+α ) Ϛ sin θ+ (2+δ)α Ϛ sin θ+ δα Ϛ cos θ B+ (2+δ)α Ϛ cos θ− δαϚ sin θ D+(4 2δ(1−α ) A+4Dα+2δα(D−B)+4K q cosh (b−y) 1− − sinh (b−y) Ϛsinθ−(2+3δ)αT
x 2
l
22
l ll l0 0
22
ll l
2 2
ss s ss s 0
2 2 2
ss s ss s 0 l 1 1s s 1 1 1 0
𝜇4 24 2 4 2 4 24 2 4 24 2 ( δ + 2) π a a a a

([( ) ) (( ( ) ) (( ) ) (( ) ) ] ( ) ) ( ) [ ( )( ) ( )]
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
σ3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
− −
y 2 222 2 22 2
− − −
2
− −
2 2 22 (3δ+2)a π δπ π π
= δϚ cos θ−2α +δα Ϛ sin θ A − 2α +δ1+α Ϛ sin θ C + 2α+δα Ϛ cos θ+δα Ϛ sin θ B − 2α+δα Ϛ sin θ+δα Ϛ cos θ D +2δ1−α −4α A −4B α+2δα D −B +4K q cosh (b−y) 1− − sinh (b−y) Ϛsinθ−(2+3δ)αT
l l l ll l0 l l l l0 s ss s ss s 0 s s s s ss s 0 l l 1 1s s 1 1 1 0
𝜇4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ( δ +2 ) π a a a a 17
 ( ) ( ) ( )( )
1 1 1 1
3 1 3 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 (3 δ + 2) a π a
− − − −
= A α Ϛ sin θ+ B Ϛ α cos θ +sin θ + C α Ϛ cos θ+ D Ϛ α sin θ −cos θ +2(α B −D )+4C α −4K cosh (b−y) q0 1+ Ϛcosθ
xy 2
0ll l
22
0s s s
2 22 2
0ll l 0s s s s s 1 1 1l 1
𝜇 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 ( δ +2 ) π a π
s
As the value of varies from 0 to
the value of stress increases from
0 to the maximum value and as
the value of varies from to the
stress decreases and it becomes
below the iso thermal for value of
-2 to -3.14 radians.

18
  increases for is in between 0 and
as well as decreases for value of
to .
 as the value of varies from 0 to the
value of thermo-mechanical stress,
reveals relatively minimum value

 and become zero for and this depends on the

value of r. as the thermo-mechanical and
 As the value of thermo-mechanical stress
and and in our case r=0.002m makes and
become zero at .

19
 6. Conclusion
0 0 0
1 2 3

The temperature field The dynamic stress The mechanical

changes the amount of the
in-plane stress components
(, and) such that the value
of the stress increase as the
value of temperature
increased.
intensity factor also properties of the
increased as the value machine component
of temperature exposed to temperature
increased. have to be assessed
thermo-mechanically
20
 7. Limitations

01 02 03
The research is The assumption of for the in between 2

theoretical and it is not homogeneous and and 3.14 rad and for

validated isentropic properties in between -2 and -

experimentally of material will not 3.14 rad becomes

satisfied with below the isothermal

temperature unless to interpret this

uniform temperature situation in the real

is applied throughout world scenarios.

the specimen.
21
Thank you!

Haile Addis A.
Simachew Kidane
(MSc.) (P.hD)