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MATH 010 / EMATH 003 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

Topic: Homogeneous Differential Equations
Intended Learning Outcome:
1. Determine the homogeneity of a given function.
2. Solve for the general and particular solution of differential equations with homogeneous coefficients.

(𝑥 2 +3𝑥𝑦)
The polynomials: 3. 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = (𝑥−2𝑦)
x2 – 3xy +4y2
x3 + y 3
x y + 7y5
4

are said to be homogeneous polynomials because each

term possesses the same degree (power) when all the
powers of each variables are summed.

The homogeneity of a function is defined as

follows:
The function f (x,y) is said to be homogeneous of
degree k in x and y if and only if,

𝑓(𝜆𝑥, 𝜆𝑦) = 𝜆𝑘 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)

Examples:
1. 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 2𝑥
4. 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑒 𝑦 + 4𝑥𝑦

2. 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = √𝑥 − 𝑦
5. 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (𝑥𝑦)

TIP QC - Math and Physics Department MATH 010 / EMATH 003 Differential Equation Engr. CConsolacion/RVCalderon/PSacluti
 9

Let M(x,y) and N(x,y) be homogeneous of the 2. Solve the DE: (𝑦 2 – 𝑥𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0
same degree, the equations can be transformed into a
separable equation by the transformation:

𝒚 = 𝒗𝒙 or 𝒙 = 𝒗𝒚
𝒅𝒚 = 𝒗𝒅𝒙 + 𝒙𝒅𝒗 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒗𝒅𝒚 + 𝒚𝒅𝒗

Steps:
1. Check if it is homogeneous.
2. Let:
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 or 𝑥 = 𝑣𝑦
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑣𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦𝑑𝑣

3. Substitute y and dy or x and dx to the given

equation.
4. Separate variables.
5. Integrate.
6. Substitute the value of v.

Examples:
1. Solve the DE: (3𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 2 ) 𝑦′ = 2𝑥𝑦

3. Solve the DE: (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0

TIP QC - Math and Physics Department MATH 010 / EMATH 003 Differential Equation Engr. CConsolacion/RVCalderon/PSacluti