Compression Members 1 PDF

COMPRESSION MEMBERS (1)
• Members without slender elements

• General and Local buckling
• Design of compression members
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SAMPLE PROBLEM#1 (Members w/o slender elements)

A W350x90 column is pin -connected at ends. Use A36 steel and assumes the section has no slender
elements.
Relevant properties of W350x90

Ag - 11550 mm2 tf - 16.4mm
bf - 257 mm Ix - 266x106 mm4
d - 350 mm Iy - 44.54x106 mm4
Use NSCP 2015 specifications

REQUIRED:
a. Flexural buckling stress if the unbraced length is 6.0 meters.
b. Nominal compressive strength.
c. Allowable and Ultimate design compressive strength of the column.
SOLUTION:
a. Flexural buckling stress.
Governing Slenderness ratio:
KL / r = KL / √𝐼/𝐴 ; K = 1.0
= 1.0(6000) / √(44.54𝑥106 )/11550
= 96.620 < 200 (oks) : refer to NSCp2015 Sec. 505.2
Critical Slenderness ration:

Cc = 4.71 √𝐸/𝐹𝑦
= 4.71 √200000/248
= 133.755
For KL/r ≤ Cc *** Since KL / r = 96.620 < Cc = 133.755 ***
𝑭𝒚⁄
Fcr = [𝟎. 𝟔𝟓𝟖 𝑭𝒆 ]Fy …………….. Eq. 505.3 – 2
Elastic critical buckling stress:

𝝅²𝑬
Fe = 𝑲𝑳 ……………Eq. 505.3 – 4
( ⁄𝒓)²
𝜋²(200000)
=
(96.620)²
= 211.444
248⁄
Fcr = [0.658 211.444 ] (248)
= 151.793 MPa ANSWER
For instructional use only

3
b. Nominal Compressive strength.

Refer to NSCP 2015 Sec. 505.3
Pn = Fcr Ag …………….. Eq. 505.3 – 1
= 151.793(115500)
= 1753.207 KN ANSWER
c. Allowable and ultimate design strength of the column.

Allowable design Compressive strength: ASD

Pa = Pn / Ω ; Ω = 1.67
Pa = 1753.207 / 1.67
Pa = 1049.825 KN ANSWER
Ultimate design Compressive strength: LRFD

Pu = Φ Pn ; Φ = 0.90
Pu = 0.90 (1753.207)
Pu = 1577.886 KN ANSWER
SAMPLE PROBLEM#2 (General and Local buckling)

A W14x74 A992 (Fy = 345MPa) steel has a length of 6.0 meters and pinned at both ends.
Determine the design compressive strength and the allowable compressive strength of the section.
Check for Global and local stability. Use NSCP 2015 specifications.
Properties of W14x74
Ag - 14064 mm2 k - 39.69 mm
bf - 255.78 mm ry - 62.99 mm
tw - 11.43 mm rx - 153.42 mm
tf - 19.94 mm Ix - 331x106 mm4
d - 359.92 mm Iy - 55.8x106 mm4
SOLUTION:
KL / ry = 1.0(6000) / 62.99 ; K = 1.0 (both ends pinned)
= 95.25

Cc = 4.71 √𝐸/𝐹𝑦
= 4.71 √200000/345
= 113.40

4
𝑭𝒚⁄
Fcr = [𝟎. 𝟔𝟓𝟖 𝑭𝒆 ]Fy …………….. Eq. 505.3 – 2

𝝅²𝑬
Fe = 𝑲𝑳 ……………Eq. 505.3 – 4
( ⁄𝒓)²
𝜋²(200000)
=
(95.25)²
= 217.57 Mpa
Fy / Fe = 345 / 217.57 = 1.59
Fcr = [0.6581.59 ] (345)

= 177.34 MPa

Pn = Fcr Ag …………….. Eq. 505.3 – 1
= 177.34(14064)
= 2494.11 KN ANSWER
General and local stability check:

Refer to NSCP 2015 Table 502.4.1
Note: for W-shape section, General buckling is N/A
Width – Thickness ratio of W14x74:

*** Unstiffened – elements
𝑏𝑓 255.78
Flange: λf = = = 6.41
2𝑡𝑓 2(19.94)
*** Stiffened – elements
ℎ 𝑑−2𝑘 359.92 −2(39.69)
Web: λw = = = = 24.54
𝑡𝑤 𝑡𝑤 11.43
Limiting Width – Thickness ratio:

Refer to NSCP 2015 Table 502.4.1
𝑬
Flange: λrf = 0.56√𝑭𝒚 = 13.48 > 6.41
𝑬
Web: λrw = 1.49√𝑭𝒚 = 35.87 > 24.54

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SAMPLE PROBLEM#3 (Design Problem)

Select the lightest W14 section available using LRFD method for the service column loads given:
PDL = 600 KN - Use A992 steel with Fy = 345 MPa
PLL = 1000 KN - Use NSCP 2015 specifications
Column is 4.5 meters in long and assumed to be pinned at one end and fixed at the other end.
SOLUTION:
METHOD – 1
Design loads (Load combination):
LRFD: Pu = 1.2PDL + 1.6PLL = 2320 KN (GOVERNS)
Pu = 1.4 PDL = 840 KN
Slenderness ratio:
*** Note: assume KL/r = 40 to 60 ***
KL / r = 50
Critical buckling stress:

𝑭𝒚⁄
Fcr = [𝟎. 𝟔𝟓𝟖 𝑭𝒆 ]Fy …………….. Eq. 505.3 – 2

𝝅²𝑬
Fe = 𝑲𝑳 ……………Eq. 505.3 – 4
( ⁄𝒓)²
𝜋²(200000)
=
(50)²
= 789.57Mpa
345⁄
Fcr = [0.658 789.57 ] (345)
= 287.34 Mpa
Solving for trial area: LRFD method (Φ=0.90)

Pu / Φ = Fcr Ag …………….. Eq. 505.3 – 1
3
(2320x10 )= 0.9(287.34) Ag
Ag = 8971.18 mm2
*** Try W14x48 section ***

relevant properties:
Ag - 9100 mm2
ry - 48.5 mm
rx - 149.0 mm

6
check for adequacy:

KL / ry = 0.8(4500) / 48.5 ; K = 0.8 (one-end fixed, one end pinned)
= 74.226

Cc = 4.71 √𝐸/𝐹𝑦
= 4.71 √200000/345
= 113.403
𝑭𝒚⁄
Fcr = [𝟎. 𝟔𝟓𝟖 𝑭𝒆 ]Fy …………….. Eq. 505.3 – 2

𝝅²𝑬
Fe = 𝑲𝑳 ……………Eq. 505.3 – 4
( ⁄𝒓)²
𝜋²(200000)
=
(74.226)²
= 358.276 MPa
345⁄
Fcr = [0.658 358.276 ] (345)
= 230.558 MPa

Pn = Fcr Ag …………….. Eq. 505.3 – 1
= 230.558(9100)
= 2098.08 KN
LRFD:
Pu = Φ Pn ; Φ = 0.90
Pu = 0.90 (2098.08)
Pu = 1888.27 KN < 2320 KN *** Section FAILED, try next lightest section***

Ag - 10064 mm2
ry - 48.77 mm
rx - 149.61 mm

7
check for adequacy:

= 73.816

Cc = 4.71 √𝐸/𝐹𝑦
= 113.403
𝑭𝒚⁄
Fcr = [𝟎. 𝟔𝟓𝟖 𝑭𝒆 ]Fy …………….. Eq. 505.3 – 2

𝝅²𝑬
Fe = 𝑲𝑳 ……………Eq. 505.3 – 4
( ⁄𝒓)²
𝜋²(200000)
=
(73.816)²
= 362.267 MPa
345⁄
Fcr = [0.658 362.267 ] (345)
= 231.584 MPa

Pn = Fcr Ag …………….. Eq. 505.3 – 1
= 231.584(10064)
= 2330.66 KN
LRFD:
Pu = Φ Pn ; Φ = 0.90
Pu = 0.90 (2330.66)
Pu = 2097.595 KN < 2320 KN *** Section FAILED, try next lightest section***

Ag - 11548 mm2
ry - 62.23 mm
rx - 151.89 mm

8
check for adequacy:

= 57.8499

Cc = 4.71 √𝐸/𝐹𝑦
= 113.403
𝑭𝒚⁄
Fcr = [𝟎. 𝟔𝟓𝟖 𝑭𝒆 ]Fy …………….. Eq. 505.3 – 2

𝝅²𝑬
Fe = 𝑲𝑳 ……………Eq. 505.3 – 4
( ⁄𝒓)²
𝜋²(200000)
=
(57.8499)²
= 589.845 MPa
345⁄
Fcr = [0.658 589.845 ] (345)
= 270.08 MPa

Pn = Fcr Ag …………….. Eq. 505.3 – 1
= 270.08(11548)
= 3118.88 KN
LRFD:
Pu = Φ Pn ; Φ = 0.90
Pu = 0.90 (3118.88)
Pu = 2806.995 KN < 2320 KN *** SAFE, section is adequate to carry the given load***

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REFERENCES:
• STEEL DESIGN 5th edition. W.T. Segui

• STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN 5th edition. J.C. McCormac
• NATIONAL STRUCTURAL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES 5th edition.

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COMPRESSION MEMBERS (1)

• Members without slender elements

SAMPLE PROBLEM#1 (Members w/o slender elements)

Relevant properties of W350x90

Use NSCP 2015 specifications

Critical Slenderness ration:

For KL/r ≤ Cc *** Since KL / r = 96.620 < Cc = 133.755 ***

Elastic critical buckling stress:

For instructional use only

b. Nominal Compressive strength.

c. Allowable and ultimate design strength of the column.

Allowable design Compressive strength: ASD

Ultimate design Compressive strength: LRFD

SAMPLE PROBLEM#2 (General and Local buckling)

Critical Slenderness ration:

For instructional use only

For KL/r ≤ Cc *** Since KL / r = 95.25 < Cc = 113.40 ***

Elastic critical buckling stress:

Fy / Fe = 345 / 217.57 = 1.59

Fcr = [0.6581.59 ] (345)

Refer to NSCP 2015 Sec. 505.3

General and local stability check:

Note: for W-shape section, General buckling is N/A

Width – Thickness ratio of W14x74:

Limiting Width – Thickness ratio:

For instructional use only

SAMPLE PROBLEM#3 (Design Problem)

Critical buckling stress:

Elastic critical buckling stress:

Solving for trial area: LRFD method (Φ=0.90)

*** Try W14x48 section ***

For instructional use only

check for adequacy:

Critical Slenderness ration:

For KL/r ≤ Cc *** Since KL / r = 74.226 < Cc = 113.403 ***

Elastic critical buckling stress:

Refer to NSCP 2015 Sec. 505.3

*** Try W14x53 section ***

For instructional use only

check for adequacy:

Critical Slenderness ration:

For KL/r ≤ Cc *** Since KL / r = 73.816 < Cc = 113.403 ***

Elastic critical buckling stress:

Refer to NSCP 2015 Sec. 505.3

*** Try W14x61 section ***

For instructional use only

check for adequacy:

Critical Slenderness ration:

For KL/r ≤ Cc *** Since KL / r = 57.8499 < Cc = 113.403 ***

Elastic critical buckling stress:

Refer to NSCP 2015 Sec. 505.3

For instructional use only

• STEEL DESIGN 5th edition. W.T. Segui

For instructional use only

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For KL/r ≤ Cc * Since KL / r = 96.620 < Cc = 133.755 *

For KL/r ≤ Cc * Since KL / r = 95.25 < Cc = 113.40 *

* Try W14x48 section *

For KL/r ≤ Cc * Since KL / r = 74.226 < Cc = 113.403 *

* Try W14x53 section *

For KL/r ≤ Cc * Since KL / r = 73.816 < Cc = 113.403 *

* Try W14x61 section *

For KL/r ≤ Cc * Since KL / r = 57.8499 < Cc = 113.403 *