Preliminary Design and DL, LL Calculation

1. INTRODUCTION

This chapter will provide you the details of the procedure for preliminary design of structural
elements and process of evaluation of Dead Load (DL) and Live Load (LL).

Building with proper configuration is selected for further investigation.

2. GRID PLANS OF THE BUILDING, IDENTIFICATION OF CRITICAL

ELEMENTS
 Critical
column

Critical Critical
beams slab
panel

Figure 1 Grid plan of the building

The grid plan of the buildings above indicates critical structural elements as below:

Beam: Between horizontal grid lines 1 and 2.

Span of the beam =4.2 m i.e. Longest beam in the plan
Column: C-2 and C-3 and corner columns i.e. Columns with largest tributary areas
and corner columns
Slab: Panel between grid lines C, D-1, 2 i.e. Slab with longest shorter span
3. PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF BEAM

4. Deflection Criterion

• Use simplified form of IS456,2000 cl23.2.1

Span/deff= BV*mft*mfc*mff
Where, BV = Basic Value dependent on Beam End Support
mft= Multiplying factor for tension steel
mft= 0.8 for Assumed 2.5% tension steel
Assume mfc = 1.25 for 1% Compression steel
Assume mff= 0.8 for web width/ flange width<0.3
• Span/depth = 20*0.8*1.25*0.8=16 (approx), for simply supported
• Span/depth = 26*0.8*1.25*0.8=20( approx), for both end continuous
• Span/depth= 23*0.8*1.25*0.8=18( approx), for one end simply supported and one end
continuous
• For beams between horizontal grid lines 1 and 2,
deff= span/18= 4200/18= 233.33 mm
• Overall depth = deff+(assumed bar dia)/2+Clear cover = 233.33+25/2+25= 270.83
Assume 300mm ( 12”)

5. Ductile Detailing Criteria

• Ref NBC 105: 2020, cl 4.1, ANNEX A

• The spacing of hoops over a length of 2d at either end of a beam
S < Min[deff/4, 8*φsmall longitudinal bar, 100 mm]
• Assume, s =75 mm
Effective depth of the beam/4 =75 mm
Effective depth of the beam =300mm
Overall depth of the beam D = 300+25/2+25=337.5 =350 mm (approx round off
value)
• Overall depth of the beam D < ¼ * Clear span
• ¼ * Clear span = ¼ * (4200-2*150) = 975 mm > 350 mm OK
• Width of the beam B > 200 mm
• Assume width of the beam = 230mm > 200mm
• Width to depth ratio B/D > 0.3 (preferable)

Adopt beam of preliminary size 230x350 mm

6. DESIGN OF CRITICAL SLAB PANEL C, D- 1,2

7. Bending Moment Criterion

• Ref IS456:2000, cl 24.4,ANNEX D

• Slab Boundary Condition: Two adjacent edge discontinuous
• Aspect ratio, ly/lx= 4200/3900=1.08
• Short Span Coefficient for continuous edge=0.0518
• Short Span Coefficient for Mid span= 0.039
• Long Span Coefficients for continuous edge = 0.047
• Long span Coefficients for mid span =0.035
• Critical moment coefficient at support αx = 0.0518(at support) and at mid span αx =0.039
• Critical slab Moment = αx*w*lx2
• Assume trial Slab depth =125mm
• DL Intensity = 0.125*25 = 3.125 KN/m2
• LL Intensity =2 KN/m2 ( for residential Building)
• Finishing load intensity =1.0KN/m2
• Max BM for Unit strip for 1.5DL+1.5LL Combination = 0.0518*(1.5*(3.125+2+1))*3.92
=7.24 KN-m
• Depth of the slab for Balanced section= d =59 mm

8. Deflection Criterion

• Ref IS456,2000 cl23.2.1

• Assume depth of the slab =125 mm, deff =125-15-4=104mm
• Actual mid span moment = 0.039*1.5(3.125+2+1)*3.92 =5.45KN-m
• Required Ast =0.14% from chart 4 of SP16 for deff =100 and Mu=4.56
• For fs=240, pt =0.14% fig 4 of IS 456; 2000 ,mft= span/(BV*deff)=3900/(23*104)=1.65
• Check for deflection: Span/deff =BV*mft =23*1.65 = 37.9
• Deff =span/37.9= 3900/37.9 = 102.9mm
• D=102.9+15+4=121.9 <125mm
• Hence Overall Depth of 125mm is ok with slab

9. PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF COLUMN

• Ref NBC 105: 2020, cl. 4.2.1, ANNEX A

• The minimum dimension of the column should be 300 mm
• The minimum dimension of column should be 20 times the diameter largest bar in beam
anchoring into it => Minimum dimension for 16 mm dia bar =20*16=320mm
• Use your experience to select column size greater than 320 mm in multiple of 25
• Width to depth ratio B/D > 0.45 (preferable)

Select preliminary column size of 350x350 mm