Flat slab design example

Example 1: A floor system of bulding constracted from a flat slab, framed on a system of
columns with three panels in each directions. The columens are centered at 6m and 8m in each
ortogonal diraction. The floor sistem is is intended to be used for shooping mall and constructed
from C-25/30 concrete, S-460 reinforcement of construction materials.the floor system is to be
design with dropes and without column heads.Based on given information determine the
croseectional dimention of various elementof the floor system and the reinforcement detail for
the typical interior panel.Assume column size of 500mm*500mm and 25mm concrete cover to
the slab.

Solution
Step1. Design constants
𝛼𝑐𝑐 𝑓𝑐𝑘 0.85∗ 25
fck = 25 MPa, fcu = 30 MPa 𝑓𝑐𝑑 = = =14.17 MPa
𝛾𝑐 1.25
𝑓𝑦𝑘 500
S_460 fyk = 460MPa, 𝑓𝑦𝑑 == = 1.15 = 434.783 MPa
𝛾𝑠

E𝑠 = 200 GPa

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 Flat slab design example

𝜌𝑜 = √𝑓𝑐𝑘 ∗ 10−3 = 5 ∗ 10−3

Step2. Preliminary proportioning
 The depth of slab depend on deflection requirement
Using basic span to depth ratio equation
Assuming slab is lightly reinforced (𝜌 <= 0.5 %) take 0.003
Factor for structural system, 𝑘, (flat slb)=1.2
𝜌𝑜 = √𝑓𝑐𝑘 ∗ 10−3 = 5 ∗ 10−3
𝜌 < 𝜌𝑜 use equation 1 of EBCS EN 2013 for deflection
3
𝑙 𝜌𝑜 𝜌𝑜 2
= 𝑘 [11 + 1.5√𝑓𝑐𝑘 + 3.2√𝑓𝑐𝑘 ( − 1) ] = [11 + 10.1 + 5.1] = 31.4
𝑑 𝜌 𝜌

 Determine effective depth: depend on longer span

𝑙 8000
𝑑≥ = = 254.77𝑚𝑚
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 31.4
Assumption
 The cover to the slab has been taken as 25mm as given.
 Assume a bar diameter of 14mm for main bars.
𝐷 = 𝑑 + 𝑑′
𝑑′ = 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 + ∅
𝑑′ = 25𝑚𝑚 + 14𝑚𝑚 = 39𝑚𝑚
Over all thickness of the slab=254.77+39=293.77mm take it as 300mm
Therefore, effective depth of slab 𝑑 = 𝐷 − 𝑑 ′ =300-39=300mm (For two way beam supported
slab D=160mm)

Step3. Strip dimension/division; LX=6m, LY=8m

Long direction
Column strip width = 2* LX/4 = 2*6000/4=3000mm
Midil strip width = LY - LX/2 = 8000-6000/2 = 5000mm
Short direction
Column strip width = 2* LX/4 = 3000mm
Middle strip width = LX - LX/2 = 3000mm

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 Flat slab design example

Step4. Drop panel dimension

Length
Minimum length = LX/3 = 2000mm
For practical and economic reason, keep the size of drop to be equal to the width of column strip.
Therefore,
Size drop = 3000mm*3000mm for interior column
= 2000mm*3000mm for edge column
= 2000mm*3000mm for cornor column
Thickness
0.25𝐿𝑥 𝑡𝑜 0.5𝐿𝑥
Minimum thickness of the drop≥ {
100𝑚𝑚
The total thickness including the slab and the drop panel at the location of drop shall bein a range
of 1.25 to1.5 times depth of slab((1.25-1.5)DS)
Take Dd = .3DS = 90mm = use Dd=100mm
Effective depths,
Slab

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 Flat slab design example

dsL= Ds – d`sL = Ds – (Cc+∅/2 )=300-25-14/2=268mm (longer span)

dss= Ds – d`ss = Ds – (Cc+1.5∅ )=300-25-1.5*14=254mm (shorter span)
at drop
ddL = Dd – d`dL = Dd – (Cc+∅/2 )=400-25-14/2=368mm (longer span)
dds= Dd – d`ds = Dd – (Cc+1.5∅ )=400-25-1.5*14=354mm (shorter span)

Step5. Loading
For loading computation, average thickness is used
Davg = 0.5(DS +Dd)=0.5(300+ 400 )=350mm

Self-weight of slab 0.350x25 =8.75kN/m2

Weight of screeding 0.03x23 =0.69kN/m2

Weight of plastering 0.02x23 =0.46kN/m2
Weight of marble ff 0.008x27 =0.22kN/m2
Total =10.12kN/m2

LL……………………………...QK = 5KN/m2
Design load, Pd = 1.35GK + 1.5QK= 1.35*9.99+1.5*5= 21.162kN/m2
Step6. Design moment

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Flat slab design example

The ultimate moment and shear can be obtained by using coefficients from table for DDM
method of analysis.
The total load for the panel is areal load multiplied by the area of the panel given by
F = Pd LX LY = 1015.776kN
Determination of the effective length (L)
As per the provision of EBCS-1995, the effective depth of flat slab is given bay
2
𝐿 = 𝐿1 − ℎ𝑐
3
Where ℎ𝑐 is the diameter of equivalent circle of column or column head
Dimension of column head
𝐿ℎ𝑜 = 3𝑚
= 𝑚𝑖𝑛 { =0.7m
𝐿ℎ𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐿𝑐 + 2ℎ𝑑 = 500 + 2 ∗ 100 = 700𝑚𝑚
4∗0.72
ℎ𝑐 = √ =0.9441m
𝜋

2
𝐿𝑦 = 8 − (0.9441) = 7.371𝑚
3
2
𝐿𝑦 = 6 − (0.9441) = 5.371𝑚
3

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Flat slab design example

Figure 1: Types of Column Head as per EBCS 1995

Figure 2: Effective Column Head as per EBCS 1995

Total BM
Direction of span Position Coefficients
(KNm)
471.675
1st int Supo 0.063FLy
Long direction
531.570
Int Span 0.071FLy
343.687
1st int Supo 0.063FLx
Short direction
387.330
Int Span 0.071FLx

Proportioning the design moments to the respective strips, width of column strip = size of drop
panel. No need of adjustment.
BM Proportioning
Direction of span Total BM (KNm)
Column strip(KNm) Middle strip(KNm)
1st int Supo =471.675 Mcs = 0.75M =353.756 Mms = 0.25M =117.919
Long direction
Int Span =531.570 Mcs = 0.55M =292.363 Mms = 0.25M =239.206
1st int Supo =343.687 Mcs = 0.75M =257.765 Mms = 0.25M =85.922
Short direction
Int Span =387.330 Mcs = 0.75M =213.031 Mms = 0.25M =174.298

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 Flat slab design example

Step7. Check for flexure and reinforcement provision for flexure

𝜱 𝑀
𝒅𝒔 = 𝒅𝟏 = 𝑫 − (𝒄𝒄 + ) 𝐴𝑠 =
𝟐 𝑓𝑦𝑑. 𝑧
𝜱 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚
𝒅𝑳 = 𝒅𝟐 = 𝑫 − (𝒄𝒄 + 𝜱 + ) 𝐴𝑠 min=max(0.26 , 0.0013) ∗ 𝑏𝑑
𝟐 𝑓𝑦𝑘

K cal = M/(bd2 fck) 𝐴𝑠 max=0.04*bd

2ℎ
𝑧 = 𝑑(0.5 + √0.25 − 0.882𝑘) ≤ 0.95𝑑 Smax<={ =400
400
Design
Panel Direction Support Strip b(mm) d(mm) K Z AS Smax Ø12
moment
Support Column strip 257.765 3000 354 0.034 336.300 1762.890 400 Ø12 @190mm c/c
X-Direction

A&B Middle strip 85.9217 3000 254 0.022 241.300 990.600 400 Ø12 @340mm c/c
Span A - Column strip 213.031 3000 254 0.055 241.006 2033.026 400 Ø12 @160mm c/c
B Middle strip 174.298 3000 254 0.045 241.300 1661.360 400 Ø12 @200mm c/c
5

Support Column strip 353.756 3000 368 0.044 349.600 2327.342 400 Ø12 @140mm c/c
Y-Direction

1&2 Middle strip 117.919 5000 268 0.016 254.600 1742.000 400 Ø12 @320mm c/c
Span 1 - Column strip 292.363 3000 268 0.068 250.869 2680.431 400 Ø12 @120mm c/c
2 Middle strip 239.206 5000 268 0.033 254.600 2160.938 400 Ø12 @260mm c/c

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 Flat slab design example

Step8. Check for shear

(a) Beam shear –Critical at ‘d’ distance from the face of the support
The critical value to be consider is in long direction and two case shall be considered
Shear analysis in long direction
F = Pd LX LY = 1015.776kN

Direction of span Total Load(kN) Position Coefficient Shear

Long direction 1015.776 1st interior 0.6 608.430

i Within the drop i.e. at ‘d’ distance from the face of column

𝑑𝑑𝐿𝑎𝑣 = 0.5 ∗ (368 + 268) = 318𝑚𝑚 (𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛) but

𝑐 500
𝑋 = 2 + 𝑑𝑑𝐿 = + 318 = 568mm
2
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 608.429
𝑉𝑐𝑟 = (0.5𝐿𝑦 − 𝑋) = (0.5 ∗ 8 − 0.568) = 522.032𝑘𝑁
0.5𝐿𝑦 0.5 ∗ 8
VRd,c=0.12k(100𝜌fck)1/3bw d≥(0.035k3/2fck1/2)bwd
200
𝑘 =1+√ ≤ 2 with d in mm
𝑑

200
𝑘 = 1 + √318 =1.793< 2 take 1.793

𝜌 = 𝐴𝑠/( 𝑏𝑑 ) ≤ 0.02
Taking average depth and average spacing within the drop

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Flat slab design example
𝐴𝑠 𝑎𝑠 𝑏 𝑎𝑠 113.1
𝜌= = = = = 0.001581
𝑏𝑑 𝑠𝑏𝑑 𝑠𝑑 225 ∗ 318
VRd,c=0.12*1.793*(100*0.001581*25)^(1/3)*6000*318≥0.035(1.793)^(3/2)*(25)^(1/2)*6
000*318=801.654kN
𝑉𝑅𝑑𝑐 = 801.654kN > 𝑉𝑐𝑟 = 522.032𝑘𝑁 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 … … … … … … . … … 𝑂𝐾‼!
ii Within the slab i.e. at ‘d’ distance from the face of drop
𝑑𝑠𝐿 = 𝐷𝑠 – 𝑑`𝑠𝐿 = 𝐷𝑠 – (𝐶𝑐 + ∅/2 ) = 300 − 25 − 14/2 = 268𝑚𝑚 (𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛)
𝑑𝑤 3000
𝑋= + 𝑑𝑑𝐿 = + 268 = 1768mm
2 2
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 608.429
𝑉𝑐𝑟 = (0.5𝐿𝑦 − 𝑋) = (0.5 ∗ 8 − 1.768) = 339.503𝑘𝑁
0.5𝐿𝑦 0.5 ∗ 8
𝑎𝑠 113.1
𝜌= = = 0.00313
𝑠𝑑 135 ∗ 268
200
𝑘 = 1 + √268 =1.864< 2 tak 1.864

VRd,c=0.12*1.864*(100*0.00313*25)^(1/3)*6000*268≥0.035(1.864)^(3/2)*(25)^(1/2)*60
00*268=815.020kN
𝑉𝑅𝑑𝑐 = 815.020kN > 𝑉𝑐𝑟 = 324.293𝑘𝑁 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 … … … … … … . … … 𝑂𝐾‼!
(b). Punching shear.
The critical section is at 2d distance from the face of the support periphery

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Flat slab design example

As shown on the figure punching may be occur inside or outside the drop for flat slabs with drop
panel.
Step 1:- Punching around the column
Reinforcement ratio
𝑎𝑠𝑥 113.1
𝜌𝑥 = = = 0.001683
𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑠 190 ∗ 354
𝑎𝑠𝑦 113.1
𝜌𝑦 = = = 0.0022
𝑠𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑙 140 ∗ 368

𝜌𝑎𝑣 = √𝜌𝑥 ∗ 𝜌𝑦 = √0.001683 ∗ 0.0022 = 0.001922 < 0.02 …ok!

𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 354 + 368
𝑑𝑎𝑣 = = = 361
2 2
200 200
𝑘 = 1 + √𝑑 = 1 + √361 = 1.744 < 2 take 1.744
𝑎𝑣

Punching shear perimeter

𝑢𝑑 = 2(500 + 500) + 4 ∗ 𝜋𝑑 = 6536.46𝑚𝑚
1 3 1
𝑉𝑅𝑑, 𝑐 = 0.12𝑘(100𝜌𝑎𝑣 𝑓𝑐𝑘)3 𝑢𝑑 𝑑𝑎𝑣 ≥ 0.035(𝑘)2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 2 𝑢𝑑 𝑑𝑎𝑣

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Flat slab design example
1
𝑉𝑅𝑑, 𝑐 = 0.12 ∗ 1.744 ∗ (100 ∗ 0.001922 ∗ 25)3 ∗ 6536.46 ∗ 361
3 1
≥ 0.035(1.744)2 ∗ (25)2 ∗ 6536.46 ∗ 361 = 951.06𝑘𝑁
Applied shear(assumeing the column is concentricaly loaded)
𝐴𝑢𝑑 = 4𝑑(𝑐1 + 𝑐2 ) + 𝑐1 𝑐2 + 4𝜋𝑑2 = 4 ∗ 361(1000) + 5002 + 4𝜋 ∗ 3612 = 3.332
𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 𝑝𝑑 ∗ 𝐴𝑎𝑝𝑝 = 𝑝𝑑 (𝐴𝑔 − 𝐴𝑢𝑑 ) = 21.162 ∗ (6 ∗ 8 − 3.332) = 945.27𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑅𝑑, 𝑐 ≥ 𝑉𝐸𝑑 safe against punching shear
Step 2:- Punching around the drop
Reinforcement ratio
𝑎𝑠𝑥 113.1
𝜌𝑥 = = = 0.00278
𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑠 160 ∗ 254
𝑎𝑠𝑦 113.1
𝜌𝑦 = = = 0.00352
𝑠𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑙 120 ∗ 268

𝜌𝑎𝑣 = √𝜌𝑥 ∗ 𝜌𝑦 = √0.00278 ∗ 0.00352 = 0.00313 < 0.02 …ok!

𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 254 + 268
𝑑𝑎𝑣 = = = 261
2 2
200 200
𝑘 =1+√ = 1+√ = 1.8754 < 2 take 1.8754
𝑑𝑎𝑣 261

Punching shear perimeter

𝑢𝑑 = 2(3000 + 3000) + 4 ∗ 𝜋𝑑 = 15279.823𝑚𝑚
1 3 1
𝑉𝑅𝑑, 𝑐 = 0.12𝑘(100𝜌𝑎𝑣 𝑓𝑐𝑘)3 𝑢𝑑 𝑑𝑎𝑣 ≥ 0.035(𝑘)2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 2 𝑢𝑑 𝑑𝑎𝑣
1
𝑉𝑅𝑑, 𝑐 = 0.12 ∗ 1.8754 ∗ (100 ∗ 0.001922 ∗ 25)3 ∗ 15279.823 ∗ 261
3 1
≥ 0.035(1.8754)2 ∗ (25)2 ∗ 15279.823 ∗ 261 = 1514.485𝑘𝑁
Applied shear
𝐴𝑢𝑑 = 4𝑑(𝑐1 + 𝑐2 ) + 𝑐1 𝑐2 + 4𝜋𝑑2 = 4 ∗ 261(6000) + 30002 + 4𝜋 ∗ 2612 = 16.12
𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 𝑝𝑑 ∗ 𝐴𝑎𝑝𝑝 = 𝑝𝑑 (𝐴𝑔 − 𝐴𝑢𝑑 ) = 21.162 ∗ (6 ∗ 8 − 16.12) = 674.644𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑅𝑑, 𝑐 ≥ 𝑉𝐸𝑑 safe against punching shear
Hence both drop and slab thicknesses are adequate for shear.
Note: - if depth of drop is not adequate for shear. No need of checking around drop panel.
Rather, the depth of drop shall be increased. Also, the column dimension can be increased.
Step 9:- Check for deflection

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Flat slab design example

Critical in long direction and at the center of the slab

𝑎𝑠𝑦
Ratio of required tension reinforcement=𝜌𝑦,𝑎𝑣 = 𝑠𝑦,𝑎𝑣 𝑑𝑑𝑙,𝑎𝑣

120 + 260
𝑠𝑦,𝑎𝑣 = = 190
2
𝑑𝑑𝑙,𝑎𝑣 = 268𝑚𝑚
113.1
𝜌= = 0.00313
135 ∗ 268
Ratio of reference tension reinforcement 𝜌𝑜 = √ fck *10-3=0.005
Factor for structural system, 𝑘, (flat slb)=1.2
Modification factor for span (<=8.5m)=1.0
𝜌 < 𝜌𝑜 use equation 1 of EBCS EN 2013 for deflection by taking𝜌′ = 0
3
𝑙 𝜌𝑜 𝜌𝑜 2
= 𝑘 [11 + 1.5√𝑓𝑐𝑘 + 3.2√𝑓𝑐𝑘 ( − 1) ] = 1.2[11 + 11.996 + 7.39] = 36.46
𝑑 𝜌 𝜌
𝑙 8000
Actual value of 𝑑 = = 29.85
268
𝑙 𝑙
∴ (𝑑)𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 29.85 < (𝑑)𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 = 36.46 …... ok

Step 10:- Reinforcement bar length calculation

Long direction Short direction
Ln = 8000-500 = 7500 mm Ln = 6000 – 500
d = 0.3 Ln = 2250mm d = 0.3 Ln = 1650mm
b (f) = 0.2 Ln = 1500mm b (f) = 0.2 Ln = 1100mm
e = 0.33 Ln = 2475mm e = 0.33 Ln = 1815mm
c = 0.22 Ln = 1650mm c = 0.22 Ln = 1210mm
0.125l = 1000mm 0.125 l = 750mm
0.15l= 1200mm 0.15l = 900mm

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Flat slab design example

The first section is to column strip 3.0m wide and

The second section is to middle strip 5.0m wide
Total length of
S No. Bar mark Shape of Bar Bar Dia Specification
bars (m)
1 1 𝐶1 +2𝑒𝐿 𝑑𝑠𝑙 Ø12 5.986≅ 6 Ø 12mm c/c 140 L=6000mm

2 1' 𝐶1 +2𝑏𝐿 𝑑𝑠𝐿 Ø12 4.036≅ 4.1 Ø 12mm c/c 140 L=4100mm
3 2 𝐶1 +2𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑠𝑠 Ø12 4.638≅ 4.7 Ø 12mm c/c 190 L=4700mm
4 2' 𝐶1 +2𝑏𝑠 𝑑𝑠𝑠 Ø12 3.308≅ 3.4 Ø 12mm c/c 190 L=3400mm
5 3&3’ Ø12 7.9≅ 7.9 Ø 12mm c/c 120 L=7900mm
𝐿 − min(0.0125𝑙, 𝐷𝑤 − max(600,48𝛷))
6 4&4’ Ø12 5.925≅ 6 Ø 12mm c/c 160 L=6000mm
𝐿 − min(0.0125𝑙, 𝐷𝑤 − max(600,48𝛷))
7 5&5’ 𝐶1 +2𝑐𝐿 Ø12 3.8≅ 3.8 Ø 12mm c/c 310 L=3800mm
8 6 𝐿𝑥 − 2 ∗ 0.075 Ø12 5.85≅ 5.9 Ø 12mm c/c 340 L=5900mm
9 6' 𝐿𝑥 − 2 ∗ 0.15𝑙𝑥 Ø12 4.2≅ 4.2 Ø 12mm c/c 340 L=4200mm
10 7 𝐿𝑦 − 2 ∗ 0.075 Ø12 6.2≅ 6.2 Ø 12mm c/c 150 L=6200mm
11 7' 𝐿𝑦 − 2 ∗ 0.15𝑙𝑦 Ø12 5.986≅ 6 Ø 12mm c/c 150 L=6000mm
12 8&8' 𝐶1 +2𝐶𝑠 Ø12 2.92≅ 3 Ø 12mm c/c 340 L=3000mm

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