URBAN TOWER COMPLEX

Prepared By:
Reeva Rauniyar
Samata Shrestha
Sandhya Thapa
Srijana Deshemaru
Swechha Shrestha
CONTENT

● Literature Review
● National Case Study
❏ Trade Tower, Thapathali
❏ Hotel crown imperial,Kalimati
● International Case Study
❏ Tower at Pnc plaza,United States
❏ Kanchanjunga Apartments, India
● References
Literature Review
On
High Rise Building
 INTRODUCTION
A high-rise, tower block, apartment tower, residential tower, apartment block, block of flats, or
office tower is a tall building, as opposed to a low-rise building.It is used as a residential, office
building, or other functions including hotel, retail, or with multiple purposes combined.

Needs of High rise building

Environmental factors
Social factors
1. Climate change , Economic factors
energy ● Population
Urban factors 1. Land prices
conservation growth,Popul
2. Land scarcity
1. Urban 2. Human, symbolic ation change
3. Land
renewal and branding ● Global
conservation
2. Infrastructure 3. Emerging competition
4. International
and transport technologies and
funding
globalization
Development of highrise building
● Advancement in technology and architectural development
● Limited space
● Centralized activities
● Views and natural light
● Economic efficiency
Design Guidelines
As mentioned in Nepal National Building Code NBC 206: 2015,

A. Lift: In all high rise buildings, a minimum of two lifts shall be provided. At least one of the lifts
shall be a fire lift that can be used by firefighters for rescue and access in case of emergency.

B. Staircase
All High Rise buildings shall have the provision of secondary or emergency staircase regardless
of occupancy type which shall have at least one side open to exterior.

C. Refuge Area
Refuge area of at least 10m2 or area equivalent to 0.2m2 per occupant shall be provided on the
10th storey or the storey at 25m level whichever comes first.

D. Parapet
Minimum parapet height shall be of 1.2m excluding finishing.
 Neuferts Standards for High Rise Buildings

Definition
High-rise buildings are those intended for long-term human occupation whose
upper-most floor on one side of the building is more than 22 m above ground
level.

Service Requirements

1. Escape routes
● Escape routes are min. 1.25 m wide and should if possible lead in two
directions, to each staircase.
● Corridors with two escape directions may be max. 40 m long.
2.Stairs
High-rise buildings up to 60 m high: at least two emergency
stairs must be available, which must be located opposite in
two separate fire compartments.

3.Lifts
● Up to about 25 storeys, it is usual to provide one group
of lifts with all lifts serving all floors.
● If more than 6 lifts are necessary, they
should be divided into two groups.
● In higher buildings, the lifts are split into groups.
 ● Facade
In order to avoid fire spreading from one storey to
the one above, there must be W 90 A fire-resistant
parapets at least 1 m high (fire spreading height).
Alternatively, a W 90 A horizontal buildingelement
projecting at least 1.5 m from the facade can be
provided.All glass facades (also double facades)
are permitted only with special approvals if
particular protection measures (area sprinklers,mist
extinguishing systems) can prevent the spread of
fire to the next storey .
GENERAL GUIDELINES

● Building Height and Footprint -It is crucial to consider the

building’s location, size, topography, structural needs, and other
variables affecting its height.
● Adequate Circulation Spaces;

Horizontal – Lobby/Foyer/Corridor Spaces

Vertical – Staircases, Lifts, Escalators, Fire escape etc.

● Height -The maximum height of the base of a proposed high-rise
building should be equal to the width of the ROW.

● Minimum lot area

a. 1,350m² for a corner lot
b. 1,800m² for an interior lot or a through lot
● Parking-One of the biggest benefits of stack parking for businesses and cities alike is how these
structures optimize space. Stacking systems allow visitors to park multiple cars in the same amount
of space by utilizing the vertical space in your commercial garage

● Alarms -The following four types of communication systems for an emergency are required in all
high-rise hotel buildings: Systems for Smoke Detection,Voice Alarm,Emergency Radio,System for
Fire Department Communication.
 ● Streetscape and landscape design
a.Sidewalk Zone
Along the primary street frontages of a tall building site, secure a sidewalk
zone at least 6 meters wide or greater where larger setbacks are established
by the existing context or required by the Zoning By-law.
b.Landscaping
● Green Roof
This is a lightweight system as a landscaping for building. To be suitable for a
green roof, an existing building roof needs to be relatively flat, with access for
installation and periodic maintenance.
● Green wall
They are at the cutting edge of design and
are safe to install indoors and outdoors. They
can make a dramatic statement and create a
welcoming environment for people.
 STRUCTURAL CONSIDERATIONS IN HIGH RISE BUILDINGS

The structural system should be able to carry different types

of loads, such as gravity, lateral (seismic, wind etc),
temperature loads and so on.

Height to width ratio -should be between 5 and 7

Span to depth ratios for floor framing are usually good at 20 to 24
Member Sizes of Frame

Size of Column in mm
(Upto 10 storey)1 – 10 floors=700 mm X 700 mm
(Upto 20 storey)1 – 7 floors=750 mm X 750 mm

8 – 14 floors=600 mm X 600 mm
15 – 20 floors= 450 mm X 450 mm

Depth of beam - L/10 or L/12 (L= spacing between columns )

Width of beam - W/D >0.4-0.45
 CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES

1.RIGID FRAME STRUCTURE

- Can be construct upto 20-25 stories with lateral bracings
- Frame structure can be of steel or rcc structures or both.
- Grid - 6-9

2.SHEAR WALL AND BRACED STRUCTURE

- tied by tie beams, lintel band and shear wall
- shear wall continued from base to roof

Single diagonals bracing K bracing V bracing

3.Framed tube structures
-columns spaced at 2- 4 m with deep beams forms an
tube structure
- suitable upto 40 to 60 stories
- size of window restricted

4. Outrigger system
- architectural flexibility and structural efficiency
- outriggers may be in the form of horizontal beams, truss or walls

CONVENTIONAL OUTRIGGER SYSTEM OFFSET OUTRIGGER SYSTEM VIRTUAL OUTRIGGER SYSTEM

-Outrigger connected to core walls
outriggers are located other than the planes belt trusses connect peripheral
of the core walls. columns with the core walls.
5. Suspended structures

- All the floors cantilevered from the core are hanging

from the members starting at the roof level.
- There will be sufficient space at the ground floor
level.

6. Space structures

- Three dimensional space structure carries vertical

and horizontal loads applied to the structure. The
primary load resisting system is the three dimensional
space structural system.
Safety issues and measures

● Structural integrity
● Fire resistance
● Air movement
● Evacuation
● Wind and seismic consideration
● Construction safety
● Electrical and mechanical management
● Energy response and communication
Fire resistance

● Management of alternate escape routes

● Construction of floors into different compartments to avoid fire at constant rate
● Use of water sprinklers and fire routes
● To boast the ability to withstand fire

STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY

● Calculation of applied load

● Load bearing capacity
● Foundation details
Air movement

● The main cause of death being smoke rather than fire

● Strong air circulation turns on as soon as the fire alarms starts
● Stack effect being the major cause
● Spatial arrangement and air tightness can control it
● Internal air tightness plays the major role
 Evacuation
● Multiple emergency staircase and exit routes should be designed based on the no of floors and occupants

Types of evacuation

● Total evacuation involves the evacuation of all building occupants at once from a building to an outside area of refuge or safety
● In phased evacuation, the occupants on the most critical floors like fire floor and floors nearby will be evacuated first.
● Self-Evacuation

Self-eacuation refers to occupants evacuating by themselves, before emergency responders have arrived on site, using available means of evacuation, i.e

Self-evacuation refers to occupants evacuating by themselves, before emergency responders have arrived on site, using available means of evacuation, i.e.
elevators and stairs.
● Construction Safety: During the construction phase, worker safety is paramount. Adequate safety measures, such as fall protection
systems, proper scaffolding, and personal protective equipment (PPE) are recommended.

● Electrical and Mechanical system:These systems must be designed and installed by professionals, following electrical and
mechanical codes and standards.

● Security and Access Control: High-rise buildings often have restricted access areas, such as mechanical rooms, control centers, or
roof areas. Implementing robust security measures, including access control systems, surveillance cameras, and security personnel.

● .Emergency Response and Communication: High-rise buildings should have clear emergency response protocols in place,
including communication systems to alert occupants in case of emergencies. This may involve emergency phones, public address
systems, and intercoms
 Services
● HVAC System

-Central water cooled system

-Packaged unit

-Individual split unit

-VRF system

● Plumbing and sanitary system

Provides clean water supply, waste water disposal,

sanitary facility Includes toilets, sinks, showers and
drainage system

● Natural and artificial lighting

Includes general lighting system in addition to

specialized lighting system installed for specific
areas like emergency exit,outdoor lighting
Services

Vertical circulation
● Escalators and lifts
Vertical transportation system
provides efficient movement
between different floors of building
and are essential for multi storey
structures
● Staircase
Service core
The size and location of the service core in a highrise building is
predominantly governed by fundamental requirements of
meeting
● Fire-egress regulations,
● Achieving basic efficiency in human movement,
● Creating an efficient internal layout.
● The layout, in turn, should serveo
● – to maximize returns
● – to satisfy the requirements of vertical transport.

Besides, the service core can provide the principal structural

element for;

– the gravity load-resisting system and

– lateral load-resisting system
– also provides stiffness to restrict deflections and
accelerations to acceptable levels at the top of the building.
●
 Energy and Environment consideration

● Sustainable site selection

● Energy efficient design
● High performance building envelope
● Energy efficient HVAC system
● Renewable energy integration
● Energy efficient lighting system
● Waste management
● Green roofing and vertical garden
 People’s perception on high rise building

● Symbol of modernity and progress

● Impressive architectural design
● Efficient use of limited space
● Spectacular view
● Concerns about safety
● Sense of prestige and luxury
NATIONAL CASE STUDY
 Trade Tower
A Landmark of Architectural Excellence
TRADE TOWER NEPAL

Location: Thapathali,
Kathmandu

Architects: Kanchanjunga
Housing Limited

Area: 171,685 ft² (11-06-3-1

Ropani)

Storeys: 8

Year:

Cost: NRs. 400 million

Building height: 25 meters

LOCATION
 Design

1. Height and Verticality

2. Sleek and Tapering Profile
3. Curtain Wall Facade
4. Articulation and Rhythm
 83’
OFFICE AND ROOF GARDEN
73’
OFFICE AND TERRACE
63’
OFFICE
53’
OFFICE
43’
ZONING OFFICE
33’
OFFICES AND BRITISH COLLEGE
23’
HYDROPOWE COMPANY
12’
NIC ASIA BANK
0’
PLINTH
-4’5”
BASEMENT PARKING
-15’5”
 PARKING
Basement Parking

● SLOPE 1:8
● 137 CAR PARKING
● 86 BIKE PARKING
● Two way parking
● Ramp width-22’10’’

Surface parking

● Parking space for over

200 four-wheelers and
300 two-wheelers with
separate paths for the
entrance and the exit.
● Around 50 VIP parking. BASEMENT PLAN
Basement Parking Surface Parking
VERTICAL
CIRCULATION

BASEMENT PLAN
 DESCRIPTION AREA(SQ FT)

CIRCULATION AND
WALL
6685

RENTAL SPACE 20058.11

VOID
3540
C TOILET
665

STAIRCASE, LIFT

D AND ESCALATOR

A B First floor plan

Atrium Passage Centralized Elevator
Rental office space

British college

Void

Third floor plan

Rentable spaces
● Office Space: For individuals or teams of any size.
● Meeting Room:Use our meeting rooms for presentations, interviews, client
pitches.
● Business Lounge: Informal drop-in work and meeting space.
● Co-working: Both permanent desks and hot-desks available.
● Highly modern offices for foreign companies and agencies.
● Shops in ground floor to the left-hand side of the main entrance
DUCT

FIRE
FIGHTING
CHAMBER

Typical floor plan

Fire Safety

● Three staircase used as fire escape.

● Signage used and training provided.

WET RISER SYSTEM

● Three fire pumps on SE, SW and central position.

● Concealed spinkler system both on public and
private spaces..
● Underground fire tank of capacity 38000 litres on
NE side.
● Over head fire tank of 5000 litres capacity.
 WATER BAR ON
Structural design EXPANSION JOINT ON SLAB

● Trade tower is an Earthquake resistant structure.

● Foundation: 192 pile foundation and raft foundation used.
● Column:
-Distance: 10’6” to 34’
-Size: 2’2”
-Circular and square columns.
● Shear wall with two wall mesh
● Expansion Joint provided for better structural stability(135’)
water bar used for joint treatment in slab.
 Water supply system

d a d
●il e Three underground t water tanks e
p p
e n B e rh
k
r S u
t m
t a n ov
t e rea to to
a
W A r T
ed ed
p
w nk t e p m
a
a
R ta W ant P u m Pu nks
to pl ta
1 2 3 4
Storage tank Filtration tank Sedimentation tank 60KVA
CAPACITY

Water treatment plant SILENT DIESEL GENERATOR

 Drainage system
● Two septic tanks (SE and SW)
● Wastewater from septic tank is again treated before disposing to municipal
drainage.

Arrangement of toilets
● No toilet facility in ground floor
● Two toilets in rear end of the building for public
use.
● Owners of rental space themselves built toilet
services in their rented spaces.

AC system
● Unit system
● Placed according to rentable space
Sustainable approach

● Rain water harvesting

-Diameter of tank 42” and height 30’

-Tanks at a distance of 6m from soak pit and septic tank

-Positioned at SE and SW corners

● Garbage Plant

- Compost manure used in back garden

 Circulation: Around the
atrium
1. Elevators:

Equipped with multiple centrally located

elevators to provide vertical transportation
throughout the building. Elevators are
strategically placed to serve different zones or
floors, allowing swift and convenient access to
different levels. They are designed to handle a
significant volume of occupants

2. Staircases:

Staircases are essential components of the

circulation system in Trade Tower Nepal.
Staircases are designed with proper lighting from
atrium and adequate width to ensure safe
evacuation during emergencies.
 Circulation: Around the atrium

1. Elevators:

Equipped with multiple centrally located

elevators to provide vertical transportation
throughout the building. Elevators are
strategically placed to serve different zones or
floors, allowing swift and convenient access to
different levels. They are designed to handle a
significant volume of occupants

2. Staircases:

Staircases are essential components of the

circulation system in Trade Tower Nepal.
Staircases are designed with proper lighting
from atrium and adequate width to ensure
safe evacuation during emergencies.
Circulation: Around the atrium
1. Corridors:

Horizontal circulation is facilitated by corridors. Corridors provide access

to individual office spaces, common areas, and amenities. They are
designed with adequate lightning, wide enough to prevent congestion
and enhance user experience and wayfinding.

2. Entry and Exit Points:

Trade Tower Nepal's architecture considers efficient entry and exit points
to manage the flow of people. Well-designed entry areas with spacious
lobbies and reception areas allow for smooth arrival and registration
processes.
Positive Aspects

● Wide passage of 16’

● Sufficient parking space
● Well managed office spaces.
Negative Aspects

● Lack of greenery as land is used for surface

parking.
● And Landscape design is neglected.
Negative Aspects

● Lack of maintenance
● Exposed pipelines.
HOTEL CROWN IMPERIAL
HOTEL CROWN IMPERIAL
SITE AREA: 117197.46 sq metres

TOTAL BUILT UP AREA: 27380 sq metres

MAJOR LANDMARKS NEAR THE SITE :Swayambhunath on the west and Lincoln
school on the south

ARCHITECT : Ar. Sanjay Pradhan

NO OF FLOORS : 15 and a basement with head clearance of 7 ft

SITE DIRECT ACCESS FROM MAIN ROAD

HIGHLIGHTED ENTRANCE AND FOUNTAIN PRESENT AS A SENSE OF
HOSPITALITY
LOCATION
PARKING AND BASEMENT :
1. Surface parking absent
2. Ramp degree :15 degree
3. Head clearance ;7 ft
4. Ramp slope in different angles to
avoid sliding
5. Basement contains store and room
For the maintenance engineer
PARKING AND BASEMENT :
Typical layout
● It shows the arrangement of
the various spaces and
circulation elements like
staircase and lifts .
The lobby area THE ENTRANCE Disable friendly
washrooms
● Grand entrance and large waiting
space slight ramps on
each floor .
● Traditional element at the front
● Disabled friendly ramp at the entrance
● Automated door
● Restaurants and shops at the ground floor
SERVICE AREA

● Secluded from the main areas

● Less maintained
● Accessible only to staff
● Collection area for essentials
Swimming pool in the exterior environment of
the restaurant.

Banquet hall for arrangements of functions

 SKY DECK ON THE 15TH FLOOR
● Facilitated conference
● Raised platform accommodating sitings to dine while enjoying the panoramic view
● Double glazed toughened glass used as parapet
TYPICAL LAYOUT OF HOTEL
ROOMS
● Accommodates beds along
with attached bathrooms
● Total 15 rooms in each floor
● Rooms from 3rd to 12 th
floors
● Special chinese restaurant
on the 13 th floor
● Fitness centres and gyms
for inhouse guests.
● Fitness centres , spas and gyms
on the second floor accessible for
inhouse guests .

● Offices present in the first floor

CIRCULATION
LIFTS :

● 4 lifts in a floor Capacity of a lift =8 people

● Exterior class facade to enjoy the view
● Right infront of the staircase
● SERVICE LIFTS on the hidden area for staffs

STAIRCASE

● Doglegged
● Floor ht 3m
● Low ceiling height for a hotel
● EMERGENCY STAIRCASE ON
THE LEFT OF THE MAIN STAIRS
FIRE SAFETY :
● PRESENT NEAR THE STAIRCASE AND THE LIFT
● WET RISER SYSTEM
● WATER SUPPLY FROM OVERHEAD TANK
● EVACUATION THROUGH STAIRCASE
● WATER SPRINKLERS SYSTEM
WATER DRAINAGE :
* SEDIMENTS THE WASTE IN DRAIN WATER
* NO SEPTIC TANK AND SOAK PIT
* THE OUTPUT IS LET OUT INTO DRAINAGE
* 80K KL UNDERGROUND RESERVOIR
* 8 OVERHEAD TANKS LAID HORIZONTALLY
WATER FILTRATION
SYSTEM INSTALLED
ON THE SERVICE
AREA
 MULTISYSTEM AC

● GAS IS SUPPLIED AS COOLING AGENT INSTEAD OF BRINE SOLUTION

● CONTROLLABE FROM ALL FLOORS AND ROOMS

ELECTRICITY

● CEILING LIGHT ON THE LOBBY AND BANQUET HALL CAN BE

OPERATED EVEN WHEN LIGHT IS CUT OFF
● 160-800A ELECTRICAL DEVICES WERE PLACED ON THE BASEMENT
CEILING LIGHT PERFORATED CEILING LIGHT ON THE SKY DECK
 Critical Analysis

● Highlighted and grand entrance providing sense of entry

● Panoramic view of entire city from building
● Width and size of lobby as per design standards
● Traditional Nepalese decorative element;mandala and sculpture
provided at entrance
● Effective vertical zoning
● Well segregated semi private and private spaces
● Different lifts for service purpose and staff
● Provision of ramp in entrance and washrooms for disabled
● Proper provision of emergency exits and fire protection
● Proper communication system in case of need of evacuation
● Water sprinkles that break out when temperature exceeds 187
degree celsius
● Alcohol multi cooling system AC units
● The interior of building is not designed accordingly as its name
● Ramp is very steep with its angle just 15 degree
● Receptions farther away from entrance
● Circulation space like lift and staircase are not visible through
entrance
● No direct provision of septic tank and waste treatment plant
● No proper landscaping done
● Low ceiling height due to presence of false ceiling
● Low maintenance of service components
● Lack of sustainability elements
● Emergency doors are made of inflammable materials
● Unused space infront of staircase
INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDY
THE TOWER AT PNC PLAZA
A LEED platinum Tower that is the greenest in the world
THE TOWER AT PNC PLAZA

Location: Pittsburgh, United States

Architects: Gensler, Architectural Firm

Area: 800000 ft²

Storeys: 33(544 ft)

Year: October, 2015

Cost: 400 million dollars

“World’s Greenest Office Tower”

DESIGN APPROACHES
● Designing a building that could breathe
● Creating a connection of building with city via transparency.
PLANNING
SUSTAINABILITY ATTRIBUTES

The integrated design brings natural light to more than 90% of work areas,
and allows natural ventilation of workspaces for up to 42% of the
year—reducing energy use by as much as 50% and providing a healthy,
supportive environment for PNC’s employees. Equally important the open,
welcoming tower is a good neighbor to downtown Pittsburgh, spurring
renewed investment in the area.
 ● Double skin facade

The Tower features the

country's only fully automated
double-skin facade that is a
part of a solar assisted natural
ventilation system.
Solar Chimney

The Tower features the largest

solar chimney in a modern US
building office, it is a 5,000 ft2
glass box angled southwards
toward the sun with two
vertical shafts within the
building.
● Water Recycling
The building will reclaim and treat stormwater in addition to gray and black-water for
irrigation, toilet flushing, and cooling tower use producing an estimated 77% reduction in
potable water use.Black-water sewage treatment and a building-wide recycling program
reduce the consumption burden effluent loads on the municipal water systems.

● Locally Sourced / Recycled Materials

Structural steel and rebar contain 35-60% recycled content and was fabricated
within 500 miles of the project site, reducing the carbon emissions associated with
transportation. Fixtures and furniture made from recycled materials
BUILDING
COMPONENTS
 OTHER FEATURES

● Workplace Amenities

Collaborative environments such as

neighborhoods, "living rooms," outdoor terraces,
observation decks, a cafeteria with seating for
250+ employees, and an indoor park on the 28th
floor of the building.
 ● The Beacon

30' sculptural data-and-light art installation that soars over 24-feet in

the atrium.
It communicates information about the skyscraper's energy and water
use, recycling, composting, natural ventilation and daylighting levels,
visualizing this data into ever-changing patterns.
 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

● The outer layer of the building’s façade has 557

poppers — the vertical glass panels arranged
diagonally over the building envelope.
● The northwest and southeast corners have
unobstructed views thanks to the cantilevered
structural slabs.
● An efficient steel framing system braces roof
columns along the perimeter and supports the
suspended, tilted concrete slab and glass
skylight composing the top of the solar chimney.
● A curved steel truss spanning approximately 100
feet, supports the fivestory 28th-floor atrium, and
suspends the cable-net enclosure.
● Lightweight concrete reduces column loads and
the amount of structural materials required.
● The top 100 feet of the building is perforated to
reduce structural resistance required for wind
loading
 INTERIOR

● Interior designed as a vertical

campus to promote connectivity
and collaboration.
● Light-filled areas connect
employees and provide alternate
workspaces.
● Each neighborhood featuring
subtle variations in program and
furnishings
KANCHANJUNGA APARTMENT
KANCHANJUNGA
APARTMENT

Location: Mumbai, India

Architect: Charles Correa

Storeys: 27

Year: 1970-1974

Function: Housing

Type: modern structure

Architecture style: Modern, Brutalism

Material: concrete
ABOUT THE ARCHITECT

● Charles Correa is an Indian architect , urban

planner and an activist.
● September 1 ,1930 - june 16, 2015
● Credited with the creation of modern
architecture in post independent india
● Celebrated for his sensitivity to the needs of
urban poor and for his use of traditional
methods and materials.
Approach
● The site has a separate road for individual which is connected to the main
road.
● Building is approachable from two opposite sides, one from east and one
from west.
Concept : climate responsive

● Building is oriented at east and

west direction to catch prevailing
sea breezes and to open up the
best view of the city.
● However, east- west direction
are also direction of hot sun and
heavy monsoon rains.
● Use of old bungalows style
verandas to solve the problem
 The veranda

● Small displacements in levels

differentiated the external earth
filled terraces with internal
elevated living volumes
● Sectional displacement by
bringing changes in the
floor surfaces.
Form development
● Square base
● Gaps created in tower.
● The two floors high loggias are created to keep out the sun and take in cool
sea breeze.
Orientation and organization of spaces
Structural overview
● Made from reinforced concrete
● 6.3 m cantilevered terrace
garden
● Central core as main structural
element in resisting lateral loads
● Central core of 7.8x6.9m house
the lifts and service areas.
● Central core was constructed
ahead of the main structure
using slip method of construction
Material

● Concrete construction with wide use

of white panels which bears strong
resemblance to modern apartment
buildings in the west
● However, garden terraces adds
modern interpretation of traditional
indian bungalow: the veranda
●
 Positive aspects
● Ii
● Climate responsive building
● Presence of garden terrace which is modern interpretation of indian
bungalow the verandah.
Negative aspects

Water seepage from verandah

Noise from peddar road

Structural inapt for the ground

 REFERENCES

https://www.gensler.com/projects/the-tower-at-pnc-plaza
https://www.architectmagazine.com/awards/r-d-awards/award-the-tower-at-pnc-plaza_o
https://en.wikipedia.org/
https://archestudy.com/kanchanjunga-apartments/
https://www.archdaily.com/151844/ad-classics-kanchanjunga-apartments-charles-correa