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DELALAMON
ENTRATA
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JAMELARIN
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 Shepherd
Life; The
CHAPTER 18
Care of
Sheep &
Goats
Manner and Customs of Bible Lands
 DAYS OF ABRAHAM - SHEEP
HAVE ABOUNDED IN THE HOLY
LAND
THE JEWS OF THE BIBLE TIMES
WERE FIRST SHEPHERDS , THEN
LARGE NUMBER FARMERS
OF SHEEP IN JOB 42:12 - JOB HAD 14,000
PALESTINE SHEEPS
1 KINGS 8:63 - KING SOLOMON
SACRIFICED 120,000 SHEEPS
FAT TAILED SHEEP - EXODUS
29:22;LEVITICUS 3:9
 YOUNGEST BOY OFTEN THE
SHEPHERD - 1 SAMUEL 16:11

SHEPHERD'S GARB -
MATTHEW 3:4

THE SHEPHERD
SHEPHERD'S SCRIP

SHEPHERD'S ROD
1 SAMUEL 17:34-36;
PSALM 23:4
 SCEPTRE

SHEPHERD'S STAFF -
PSALM 23:4

THE SHEPHERD SHEPHERD'S SLING-

1 SAMUEL 17:40-49

SHEPHERD'S FLUTE
FOOD PLANNED FOR THE FLOCK
One of the principal duties at all seasons of
the year is for the shepherd to plan food for
his flock
1 Chronicles 4:39; Psalm 79:13
FOOD & WATER
Autumn or winter months
Isaiah 40:11
FOR THE FLOCK
Micah 7:14
WATER PROVIDED FOR THE FLOCK
But the sheep are apt to be afraid of
drinking water that moves quickly, or that
is agitated.
Psalm 23:2; Genesis 29:8-10
FOOD & WATER
Noontide is usually the time for watering
the sheep
FOR THE FLOCK
Genesis 29:7
A SIMPLE IMPROVISED SHEEPFOLD
It is a temporary affair that can be taken
down easily when it comes time to move
on to another location.
Ezekiel 34:14
THE
SHEEPFOLD
SHEEPCOTES IN CONNECTION CAVES

During stormy weather, and at night, the

sheep retreat into the cave, but at other
times they are kept in the enclosure
immediately in front of the cave's mouth.
THE
SHEEPFOLD
MORE PERMANENT SHEEPFOLDS

THE
Built by the shepherd in a valley SHEEPFOLD
Fold is a low building with arches in front
Walls of the enclosure are about three feet wide at the
bottom and become narrow tat the top
Large stones
Sharp, thorn bushes are put on the top of the wall
Guarded by the watchman
John 10:1-3
Ability to separate the sheep
Tahhoo! Tahhoo!!!
Genesis 29:1-3
Gathering scattered sheep
The shepherd can gather scattered sheep. HANDLING &
This is important when returning sheep to the GATHERING
fold or moving them to another pasture. THE SHEEP
Ezekiel 34:12.13
The use of dogs
Some shepherds make use of dogs
Value in handling the flock
Traveling
Bark furiously at intruders
Guardians HANDLING &
Job 30:1 GATHERING
THE SHEEP
 Giving names to the sheep
John 10:3
INTIMATE Today, the eastern shepherd delights to
give names to certain of his sheep, and if
RELATIONSHIP
his flock is not too large, all of his sheep
BET. SHEPHERD
may be given names.
& SHEEP
Hi! I'm Shaun
the Sheep
 Guidance for the sheep
John 10:4
Isaiah 52:12
INTIMATE
Psalm 23:3
RELATIONSHIP That doesn't mean the shepherd constantly
BET. SHEPHERD leads his flock. Although he normally travels
& SHEEP with them, he often wanders along them
and sometimes trails behind, especially if
the flock is returning to the fold at night.
 Straying sheep restored
It is very important that sheep should not
be allowed to stray away from the flock,
because when by themselves they are
utterly helpless
INTIMATE Psalm 119: 176; Isaiah 53:6; Psalm 23:3
RELATIONSHIP
BET. SHEPHERD Playing with the Sheep
& SHEEP The shepherd is so constantly with his
sheep that sometimes his life with them
becomes monotonous. Therefore he will
occasionally play with them.
Isaiah 49:14; Hebrews 13:5
 Intimate knowledge of sheep
The shepherd cares profoundly about his flock.
Some of them may have pet names due to past
events. They are normally counted each evening
when they enter the fold, but the shepherd may
INTIMATE sense the absence of any of his sheep. The
RELATIONSHIP absence of one sheep makes the entire flock
BET. SHEPHERD appear unbalanced.
John 10:14
& SHEEP
 SHEPHERD

HIRELING
INTIMATE The difference between the
RELATIONSHIP shepherd and the hireling
BET. SHEPHERD John 10:12, 13
& SHEEP When the flock is small, the shepherd handles his
sheep without any help, but if the flock becomes
too large, then it becomes necessary for him to
hire someone to help him with the sheep
The hireling does not usually have the personal
interest in the sheep that the shepherd has
The love of the shepherd for his sheep is best
seen when times of special need call forth
unusual acts of care for members of the flock.

Crossing a stream water

This process is most interesting. The
shepherd leads the way into the water CARING FOR THE
and across the stream. SHEEP IN SPECIAL
Isaiah 43:2 TIMES OF NEED
Special care of baby lambs, and sheep
with young ones
When lambing time comes, the shepherd must
take great care of his flock. The task is made more
difficult because it so often becomes necessary to
move to a new location to find pasturage. CARING FOR THE
Isaiah 40:11 SHEEP IN SPECIAL
TIMES OF NEED
Care of sick or wounded sheep
The shepherd is always on the lookout for
members of his flock that need personal attention.
Sometimes a lamb suffers from the rays of the
sun, or its body may have been badly scratched by
some thornbush
CARING FOR THE
Psalm 23:5
SHEEP IN SPECIAL
TIMES OF NEED
Watching sheep at night
When the weather permits, shepherds keep their flocks
out in the open. "A number of oblong stone circles were
placed inside which rushes were collected for bedding,
akin to Bedouin fashion in the desert," one group of
shepherds created for themselves. These modest beds
were set in a circle, with a fire pit in the center.
CARING FOR THE
Genesis 31:40
SHEEP IN SPECIAL
Protection of sheep from robbers and wild TIMES OF NEED
animals.
The sheep need to be guarded against robbers not only
when they are in the open country, but also when they are
in the fold.
John 10:10
The wild animals of Palestine today
include wolves, panthers, hyenas, and
jackals.
I Samuel 17:34-37
Amos 3:12
John 10:11
CARING FOR THE
SHEEP IN SPECIAL
TIMES OF NEED
 Sheep in Palestine and vicinity have always
been valuable because of the important
products that are derived from them.

Wool
Song of Solomon 4:2
Isaiah 1:18
SHEEP
PRODUCTS
Sheepskins
Hebrews 11:37
 Sheep in Palestine and vicinity have always
been valuable because of the important
products that are derived from them.

Sheep for meat

or sacrificial
SHEEP purposes
PRODUCTS
The offering of the
Passover Lamb was the
most important religious
act of the year.
Exodus 12; Leviticus 23:5;
Matthew 26:17-29
 Sheep in Palestine and vicinity have always
been valuable because of the important
products that are derived from them.

Milk
SHEEP
PRODUCTS
Ram's Horns
 Sheep in Palestine and vicinity have always
been valuable because of the important
products that are derived from them.

The ram's horn was also made

into a trumpet and has been
SHEEP called by the Jews, Shofar
PRODUCTS Leviticus 25:9
Numbers 29:1
Joshua 6:4
Jeremiah 4:5
Care of goats - leadership ability
There are many goats being cared for by Bible
land shepherds. A shepherd looks after them
much as he would care for a flock of sheep.
He-goat - Jeremiah 50:8; Proverbs 30:31

GOATS
How goats differ from sheep?
The goats like the slopes of the rocky mountains,
whereas the sheep prefer the plains or mountain
valleys. The goats are especially fond of young
leaves of trees, but the sheep would rather have
grass.
Song of Solomon 1:7 GOATS
Separating goats from sheep.
It is often important to separate the goats from
GOATS
the sheep, even if they are shepherded by the
same shepherd. They do not graze well
together, so they are regularly separated from
the sheep while grazing.
Matthew 25:32-33
Use of Goat's Milk
The milk derived from goats is especially
excellent and rich.
Proverbs 27:27

GOATS

Use of the meat of kids

Judges 6:19
Luke 15:29
Use of goats' hair and goats' skin
The Hebrews thought goat hair to be very
valuable. When the materials for the
Tabernacle in the Wilderness were provided,
only the finest and most expensive were
accepted, and goats' hair was included in the
list of materials the children of Israel offered to
the LORD.
GOATS
Exodus 35:23
Exodus 26:7
Use of goats for sacrifices
The Levitical Code often allowed the Hebrews
a choice of a sheep or of a goat for the offering.
Leviticus 1:10
Leviticus 16:22

GOATS
GROWING &
HARVESTING
GRAINS
BIBLE CUSTOMS

CHAPTER 19
 INTRODUCTION
The growth of grain is an industry
that was expected for Israelites to
have upon entering the land of
Canaan. Remarkably, the
methods that they have used
from the beginning of time are still
visible to this day as it is the same
with the Palestinian Arabs.
 PRELIMINARY PREPARATION FOR
PLANTING THE GRAIN
Rain is very vital in this PLOUGH
industry
Job 29:23; Proverbs 20:4; YOKE
Jeremiah 14:4
Plough, Yoke, and the
Goad [ox-goad]
GOAD
Judges 3:31
Acts 26:14
 ANIMALS USED IN PLOUGHING

Oxen Oxen
1 Samuel 14:14 and Isaiah 5:10
Heifer -Numbers 19:2
Use of yoke and ass is
forbidden in the law of Heifer
Moses - Deuteronomy 22:10
2 Corinthians 6:14
Arabs Ass
PREPARING THE SOIL FOR THE CROP
Ploughing - Luke 9:62
Pickax or mattock
Fertilizers are not widely
used by eastern farmers
Use of chemicals from
Dead Sea
Luke 12:1-9
Ploughing
Pickax
 Kinds of grain sown
SOWING Corn - Cereal Grains
THE SEED Palestine - Wheat and Barley
Use of Millet - Ezekiel 4:9
Rye- Exodus 9:32; Isaiah 28:25
 How and when the seed is sown?
SOWING The farmer usually carries his seed to his field in a
THE SEED large sack on the back of his donkey. and then the
leather bag which he carries under his arm is
replenished with seed from the sack.
As a rule, the seed is scattered broadcast on the
ground, and then it is covered over by the
ploughing.
The Biblical word "to sow" as used in the
Pentateuch (Genesis 26:12; Leviticus 25:3, etc.),
means "to scatter seed.
SOWING Sowing as illustrated by the
THE SEED parable of JESUS.

Parable of the Sower - Matthew

13:3-8;Mark 4:3-8; Luke 8:5-8
ENEMIES OF
THE GRAIN
 RAIN AND THE
MATURING OF THE
Former Rain CROPS
Latter Rain
Joel 2:23
Jeremiah 8:20
 THE FARMER'S LAW
OF HOSPITALITY
Eating Grain in the field
Milk Stage
Fereek
Deuteronomy 23:25
Luke 6:1-2
 THE FARMER'S LAW
OF HOSPITALITY
Grain left for the poor

Mosaic Law
Leviticus 23:22
 CUTTING AND TRANSPORTING THE
RIPENED GRAIN
Cutting the ripened grain.
Sickle
Jeremiah 50:16; Joel 3:13

Binding the grain into sheaves

Psalm 129:7
Song of Solomon 7:2
Genesis 37:7
Transportation of grain to the
threshing floor.
 Threshing Floor

Threshing
Instrument

Threshing
the Grain

Flail Threshing by
Oxen
 What the threshing
process accomplishes?
"As these hefty sledges are drawn over the layer of straw
and ears, they wipe away the grain." Its shape and

Threshing weight allow it to pass through the straw without injury.

The straw, which floats on the surface, is progressively
the Grain broken and crushed. This simple but efficient treatment
thus performs a twofold process.

The maize is threshed out while the straw is prepared for

cattle and camel fodder. It's called "teben" and it's
crushed and mixed with the barley that all their animals
eat, exactly like we do with chopped hay and oats.
Winnowing the Grain
Broad Shovel or Wooden Fork
Ruth 3:2
Jeremiah 15:7
 Sifting the Grain
After winnowing, the grain is sifted. The
wheat or barley will still have chaff, stones,
and maybe tares in it. Before grinding the
grain into meal, it must be sifted. This is the
women's job. This is done by shaking the sieve
containing the grain until chaff appears on
top, which is then blown away by lung force.
The stones and tares are removed.
Luke 22:31
Storing the Grain
Barrels
Storehouse
Garner
Barn
Deuteronomy 28:8; Matthew
3:12; Proverbs 3:10
Luke 12:18
 CHAPTER 20

CARE OF VINEYARDS
BIBLE CUSTOMS
 THE DESCRIPTION OF A
VINEYARD BY ISAIAH AND BY
JESUS IN ISAIAH'S PARABLE OF
THE VINEYARD, AND IN CHRIST'S
PARABLE OF THE WICKED
INTRODUCTION HUSBANDMAN, TAKEN
TOGETHER, WE GET AN
ACCURATE PICTURE OF AN
ORIENTAL VINEYARD
ISAIAH 5:1-2
MATTHEW 21:33
HILLSIDES OFTEN USED -
ISAIAH 5:1

LOCATION OF
VINEYARDS

SECTIONS WHERE MOST

OF THE GRAPES GROW
SOUTHERN PALESTINE - HEBRON
SYRIA - FOOTHILLS OF LEBANON
NUMBERS 13:23
TERRACES NECESSARY
FOR MANY VINEYARDS

PREPARATION
FOR
VINEYARDS

A HEDGE OR WALL USUALLY

BUILT AROUND A VINEYARD.
MATTHEW 21:33
PSALM 80:12-13
SONG OF SOLOMON 2:15
LARGE STONES GATHERED
OUT OF THE LAND.

PREPARATION
FOR
VINEYARDS

THE SOIL PREPARED FOR

PLANTING
ISAIAH 5:2
MATTHEW 20:1-3
THE CONSTRUCTION OF A
BOOTH OR TOWER
ISAIAH 1:8
ISAIAH 5:2
MATTHEW 21:23

PREPARATION
FOR
VINEYARDS
 WITH THE CHOICEST VINE
ISAIAH 5:2
THE GRAPE BECOMES OUT
IN APRIL AND MAY AND
PLANTING OF GIVES OUT A DELICATE
THE SWEETNESS
GRAPEVINES
SONG OF SOLOMON 2:13
 CARE OF A VINEYARD

KEEP THE VINEYARD

WALL IN REPAIR.

KEEP THE GROWING

VINES FREE FROM
THORNS AND WEED.

 CARE OF A VINEYARD

FERTILIZE/LIME
THE SOIL.

PRUNE THE
GRAPEVINES
- SUPERFICIAL BRANCH
- SICKLY AND FEEBLE BRANCH

#1 It happens in the month

of September.

HARVESTING GRAPES

People leave their dwellings

#2 to gather it. (Judges 9:27)
 They gather grapes
#3 by means of baskets
(Jeremiah 6:9)

HARVESTING GRAPES

The gathering of
grapes was done with
#4 much joy and singing.
USE OF GRAPES
AND MAKING
OF GRAPE
PRODUCTS
Oriental Winepress
It is hewn out of rock.
It (rock) is composed of two depressions.
The one is higher than the other one, and
is also larger.
The grapes are put into this one (the
higher and larger rock), and then trodden
by the feet of men, women, and also
children, usually whole families working
together.
This work of treading the grapes was
customarily accompanied by shouts and
songs of happiness.

R&Z Winery 2020

Renting a The peasant who rents the vineyard
agrees to give half or more of the
Vineyard products of the grapes. When
harvest-time comes, the owner will
send his servant to secure his share
of the grapes, raisins, wine, or dibs.
It is a perfect illustration of Christ’s
Parable of the Wicked
Husbandmen. (Matthew 21:33-34)
 CUSTOMS
BIBLE CUSTOMS

REGARDING
PROPERTY
Chapter 25
Measuring and Alloting Land
Measuring the Land
Cord - is the tool used to measure the
size(s) of land for farming purposes.
Psalm 78:55 – He cast out the heathen also
before them, and divided them an inheritance
by line.
Amos 7:17 – Thy land shall be divided by line
Measuring and Alloting Land
ALLOTING the Land
“The Lot” - determines what section each man
will secure after the land had been measured.
Pebbles with distinguishing mark - is given to
every farm lot owner to indicate the portion
of land it represents.
Psalm 16:5 – Thou maintainest my lot.
Psalm 16:6 – The lines are fallen unto me pleasant
places; yea, I have a goodly heritage.
 IMPORTANCE OF
LANDMARKS
Boundary line - is marked by a double furrow, but at
each end of the furrow a heap of stones, called “the
stones of boundary”, is placed.
Deuteronomy 19:14 – Thou shalt not remove thy neighbor’s
landmark, which they of old time have set in thine
inheritance.

Furrow – a narrow trench made in the

ground by plow.
Heap of Stones – a man-made pile of
stones.
Purchasing of Land
Several ancient customs are indicated in the purchase of
land:
Money was not in the form of coins.
Coinage did not come into use until later than the
prophet’s day.
Money was Silver that was weighed for purchase.
Purchase was witnessed by certain Jews who sat in the
court.
Duplicate copies of the deed made out. It was customary to
seal one of the copy and deposit it in a safe place.
The other copy which was unsealed was placed in the
public place designated for recording deeds.
Jeremiah 32:9-12
And I bought the field of Hanameel my uncle's son,
that  was  in Anathoth, and weighed him the
money, even seventeen shekels of silver.
And I subscribed the evidence, and sealed  it, and took
witnesses, and weighed him the money in the balances.
So I took the evidence of the purchase, both that which
was sealed  according  to the law and custom, and that
which was open:
And I gave the evidence of the purchase unto Baruch
the son of Neriah, the son of Maaseiah, in the sight of
Hanameel mine uncle's son, and in the presence of the
witnesses that subscribed the book of the purchase,
before all the Jews that sat in the court of the prison.
 Specific inclusions noted in
transfer of property
When purchasing property in the East
especially from the Arabs, it is important to
indicate in detail just what is included in
the purchase. If this is not done the new
owner will discover he is not the owner of
all he thoughts he purchased.
Genesis 23:17
And the field of Ephron, which was in Machpelah, which was
before Mamre, the field, and the cave which was therein, and
all the trees that were in the field, that were in all the
borders round about, were made sure.
 Burying and discovering valuable
burying valuable
Inhabitants have often buried treasure in its ground.
Their valuable possessions buried in secret places.
Reason for burying valuables:
It was done before leaving for battle.
It was done before going for journey.

Job 3:20-21
Wherefore is light given to him that is in misery, and life unto the
bitter in soul; Which long for death, but it cometh not; and dig for it
more than for hid treasures;
 Burying and discovering valuable
discovering valuable
The important consideration is that hidden
treasure that is discovered belongs to the
man who owns the property where it is
found.

Matthew 13:44
Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto treasure hid in a field; the
which when a man hath found, he hideth, and for joy thereof goeth
and selleth all that he hath, and buyeth that field.
Redeeming lost inheritances
go-el” or kinsman-redeemer – by the law provided in
the Old Testament is a way through which an
inheritance that had been lost could be redeemed.

Ruth 4:1, 8
Then went Boaz up to the gate, and sat him down there: and,
behold, the kinsman of whom Boaz spake came by; unto whom he
said, Ho, such a one! turn aside, sit down here. And he turned aside,
and sat down. Therefore the kinsman said unto Boaz, Buy it for
thee. So he drew off his shoe.
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