INDIRA GANDHI TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY FOR WOMEN

KASHMERE GATE, DELHI 110 006

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING
BUILDING SERVICES-I (BAP – 203)
Assignment – III Submission Date – 15.10.2019

Nandini Gupta (01006142020)

1. Write short note on:

A) Types of traps according to shape and according to use.

A trap is a bent or depressed sanitary fitting which always remain full of water. Water
remains in trap is water seal, which is measured as the vertical distance between
crown and dip of a trap. The depth of seal water in practice varies from 25mm to
35mm.
Traps are classified in the following two ways:
According to Shape:
P trap : This trap has the shape of letter
P. The legs of the trap are at right angles
to each other. It essentially consists of a
U-tube which retains water acting as a
seal between the foul gas and
atmosphere.The legs of trap are at right
angle to each other.

Q trap: This trap has the shape of the

letter Q. The legs of the trap meet at an
angle other than a right angle. It
essentially consists of a U-tube which
retains water acting as a seal between
the foul gas and atmosphere.The legs
of trap meet at an angle on the than
right angle.

S trap: This trap has the shape of

letter S. The legs of the trap are
parallel. It essentially consists of a
U-tube which retains water acting as a
seal between the foul gas and
atmosphere. The legs of trap are
parallel.
According to Uses:

i) Floor Trap:
Floor trap is known as nahni trap. A cost
iron cover with grating is provided at top, so
as to prevent entry of solid matter. Nahni
trap is located in bathroom.

ii) Gully Trap:

Gully trap usually made of stone ware and
cast iron grating is provided at its top. It is
filled inside a masonry chamber. It is kept
at floor or pavement or ground level. It is
usually situated near the external force of
wall and it is kept slightly higher than
ground level.

iii) Intercepting trap:

The main idea of providing the intercepting is to prevent the entry of sewer gases
from public sewer line into the house drains. This trap was water seal of 100mm.
Trap contains an inspection arm for the purpose of cleaning or inspection.
Intercepting trap is provided in the last manhole at the junction of the house drain
and public sewer line.
B) Type of drainage system.

1. SINGLE STACK SYSTEM

This system is a single pipe system without providing any separate ventilation
pipe.

2. ONE PIPE SYSTEM

In this system, instead of using two separate pipes (for carrying sullage and
night soil), only main vertical pipe is provided which collects the night soil as
well as the sullage water from their respective fixtures through the branch
pipes.
3. TWO PIPE SYSTEM
In this system, two sets of vertical pipes are laid, i.e, one for draining night soil
and the other for draining sullage.

4. ONE PIPE PARTIALLY VENTILATED SYSTEM

This system is in between the one pipe and single-stack system. In this system
only one pipe is provided to collect all types of waste water foul as well as
unfoul. A relief vent pipe is provided for ventilating only the water closet-traps.
2. Answer the following:

A) Wastewater from different sources like bathrooms, kitchens and wash basins is called
______ .
a) Sewage
b) Garbage
c) Sullage
d) Discharge

c) sullage

B) The system to collect night soil, garbage etc. in separate vessels or deposited in pools
and
pits is called _______
a) Conservancy system
b) Waste allocation system
c) Waste deposition system
d) Waste pit

a) Conservancy system

C) _______ provides only one sewer to carry both foul sewage and rainwater.
a) Separate water carriage system
b) Combined water carriage system
c) Partially combined water carriage system
d) Conservancy system

b) Combined water carriage system

D) The trap which is provided to disconnect the house drain from the street sewer is
called
__________
a) interceptor chamber
b) intercepting trap
c) interception manhole
d) interceptor chamber, manhole and trap

b) interceptor trap
3. What is manhole and sizes of manhole as per standards? Draw a neat diagram to show
cross section of manhole.
A manhole or an inspection chamber is a unit constructed underground to
provide access to the utilities like a sewer system,
drainage system, etc. Hence, with the help of a
manhole, underground utilities are inspected,
modified, cleaned and maintained.

Manhole covers most commonly come in sizes

from 300mm x 300mm to 1200mm x 1200mm, for
square/rectangular covers, and with 450mm or
600mm diameters for circular covers

4. How does a Septic tank work? Explain with diagram.

A septic tank is an
underwater
sedimentation
tank used for
waste water
treatment through
the process of
biological
decomposition
and drainage.  

A septic tank makes

use of natural
processes & proven
technology to treat
wastewater from household plumbing produced by bathrooms, kitchen drains, and
laundry. 

A septic tank will digest organic matter and separate float able matter (e.g., oils and
grease) and solids from the wastewater a septic tank will be connected with two
pipes (for inlet and outlet). The inlet pipe is used to transport the water waste from
the house and collect it in the septic tank. It is kept here long enough so that the
solid and liquid waste is separated from each other. The second pipe is the outlet
pipe. It can also call the drain field. This pipe moves out the pre-processed
wastewater from the septic tank and spreads it evenly in the soil and watercourses.
When waste water has been collected after a while it will begin to, separate into 3
layers. (as shown in the image above)The top layer is oils and grease and floats
above all the waste. This commonly referred to as "scum”. The middle layer contains
wastewater along with waste particles. The third and bottom layer consists of
particles that are heavier than water and form a layer of sludge. Bacteria inside the
tank do its best to break down the solid waste, which then allows liquids to separate
and drain away easily. What is left at the bottom of the tank is what needs to be
periodically removed as part of general maintenance. This is one of the reasons why
a septic tank is only a basic form of sewage treatment.

The Step-by-step Process of How a Septic Tank Works

1. Water from your kitchen, bathroom etc runs through one main drainage pipe
leading to your septic tank.

2. Underground the septic tank starts the process of holding the waste water. It
needs to hold this long enough so the solids settle down to the bottom, while oil and
grease floats to the top.

3. After this process the liquid wastewater (effluent) will then be able to exit the tank
into the drain field.

4. This wastewater is discharged through pipes onto porous surfaces. These allow
wastewater to filter though the soil.

5. The soil accepts, treats, and disperses wastewater as it percolates through the
soil, ultimately discharging to groundwater.

6. Finally, the wastewater percolates into the soil, naturally removing harmful coliform
bacteria, viruses and nutrients.