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FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS AND HEAT TRANSFER

TUTORIAL NO: 2

ENERGY TRANSFER

1. A gas is contained in a piston cylinder device initially at a pressure of 150 kPa and a volume
of 0.04 m3. Calculate the work done by the gas when it undergoes the following processes to
a final volume of 0.1 m3.
(a) constant pressure
(b) constant temperature
(c) PV1.35 = constant.
2. A spring loaded piston cylinder device contains gas initially at a pressure of 800 kPa and a
volume of 0.05 m3. Pressure – volume relationship for the set up is given by P = a + bV,
where a and b are constants. Heat is added to the system till its final state P 2 = 2000 kPa and
V2 = 0.2 m3 is reached. Determine the work transfer during the process.
3. A gas undergoes a ploytropic process from an initial state of 500 kPa and 0.02 m 3 to a final
state of 100 kPa and 0.05 m3. Determine the work transfer.
4. A non flow reversible process occurs for which pressure and volume are correlated by the
expression

where P is in bar and V is in m3. What amount of work will be done when volume changes
from 2 to 4 m3?
5. Air undergoes three process in series to from a cycle:
Process 1-2: compression with PV1.3 = constant form P1 = 100 kPa, V1 = 0.04 m3 to V2 =
0.02 m3
Process 2-3: constant pressure process to V3 = V1
Process 3-1: constant volume
Sketch the process on P-V diagram and determine the total work transfer.
6. Argon (1 kg) contained in a piston cylinder device shown in Figure P2.6 is initially at a
pressure of 500 kPa and a temperature of 700C. Heat is added until the final temperature is
6000C and a pressure of 1 MPa is required to lift the piston form the stops. Sketch the process
on P-V and T-V diagrams and determine the total work transfer. [Take R = 208 J/kg K]
7. A piston cylinder arrangement shown in Figure P2.7 contains gas initially at P1 = Patm = 100
kPa and T1 = 200C. Piston with a cross sectional area of 0.01 m2 has a mass of 50 kg and is
initially resting on the bottom stops. Heat is added to the system until it touches the upper
stops.
(a) Sketch the process on P-V and T-V diagrams.
(b) Determine the total work transfer.
(c) Determine the final temperature of the gas. [Take ]

2078 Even Semester TUTORIAL NO. 2

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8. A piston cylinder device shown in Figure P2.8 contains 1 kg of Nitrogen initially at a

pressure of 250 kPa and a temperature of 5000C. Heat is lost from the system till its
temperature reaches 250C. Sketch the process on P-V and T-V diagrams and determine the
final pressure and the total work transfer. [Take R =297 J/kg K]

Figure P2.6 Figure P2.7 Figure P2.8

9. A piston cylinder arrangement loaded with a linear spring ( ) as shown in
Figure P2.9 contains air. Spring is initially unstretched and undergoes a compression of 40
mm during a process. If the mass of the piston is 80 kg and piston diameter is 0.1 m,
determine the total work transfer. [Take and ]
10. A piston cylinder arrangement with two set of stops is restrained by a linear spring (
) as shown in Figure P2.10. The cross sectional area of the piston is 0.05 m2.The
initial pressure of the gas is 500 kPa and the pressure required to lift the piston is 1000 kPa.
Heat is supplied to the gas until its pressure reaches 6000 kPa. Sketch the process on P-V
diagram and determine the total work transfer.
11. Air (0.01 kg) is contained in a piston cylinder device restrained by a linear spring (
) as shown in Figure P2.11. Spring initially touches the piston but exerts no force
on it. Heat is added to the system until the piston is displaced upward by 80 mm. determine
(a) the temperature at which piston leaves the stops
(b) work done by the air [Take J/kg. K, and ]

Figure P2.9 Figure P2.10 Figure P2.11

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12. A gas enclosed by a piston shown in Figure P2.12 starts to expand due to heating. The initial
movement of 0.2 m is restrained by a fixed mass of 30 kg and the final 0.05 m is restrained
both by the mass and a spring of stiffness 10 kN/m. The cross sectional area of the piston is
0.15 m2 and the atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa.
(a) Neglecting the mass of the spring and the piston sketch a P-V diagram of the process.
(b) Calculate the work during the initial 0.2 m movement.
(c) Calculate the total work done.

Figure P2.12

ANSWERS
1. , , 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. , 8. , 9.
10. 11. , 12. ,

2078 Even Semester TUTORIAL NO. 2