Code No:A109211401 R09 SET-1

B.Tech II Year - I Semester Examinations, December 2011

THERMAL ENGINEERING
(MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (MECHATRONICS))
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75
Answer any five questions
All questions carry equal marks
---

1.a) Explain what do you understand by thermodynamic equilibrium and how it is different
from thermal equilibrium.
b) A mass of gas is compressed in a quasi static process from 100 kPa, 0.12 m3 to 0.5 MPa,
0.05 m3. Calculate polytropic index and work done by the gas. [15]

2.a) Derive the steady flow energy equation from the first principle and deduce the equations
for the turbine and compressor.
b) The air speed of a turbojet engine in a flight is 270 m/s when the ambient temperature is -
150C. The gas outlet temperature for the nozzle is 873 K. The corresponding enthalpy
values for air and gas are 260 kJ/kg and 912 kJ/kg respectively. The fuel air ratio is 0.019
and the chemical energy of fuel is 44.5 MJ/kg. If the heat loss form the engine is 21 kJ/kg
of air, then calculate the exhaust velocity of the gases. [15]

3.a) State and Explain the third law of thermodynamics from first principles.
b) A 1000 K, 100 kJ of heat transferred from a reservoir to a reversible engine through an
intermediate reservoir at 600 K. The surroundings are at 300 K. Evaluate the increase in
unavailable energy due to irreversible heat transfer between the two reservoirs. [15]

4.a) Show that the efficiency of the Otto cycle depends only on the compression ratio.
b) An air standard diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 16 and a cut-off ratio 2. At the
beginning of the compression process; air is at 95 kPa and 270 C accounting for the
variation of specific heat with temperature, Determine
i) The pressure and temperature at the end of heat addition process
ii) The thermal efficiency
iii) The m. e. p. [15]

5.a) Draw schematic, P-v and T-s diagrams of Rankine cycle and derive the thermal
efficiency equation from the first principles.
b) Explain the working principle of vapour compression refrigeration system with the
suitable diagrams. [15]

6.a) Draw the ideal and actual indicator diagrams for 4 Stroke C.I engine and explain salient
features?
b) Why does I C engine require cooling and lubrications? Explain them. [15]

7.a) Draw the schematic diagram of a Simple carburetor and explain its functionality with
different operating conditions.
b) Describe the phenomenon of knocking in C.I. Engine and how it is different from S.I.
Engine detonation. [15]
8.a) Differentiate between open cycle and closed cycle gas turbine cycles.
b) The pressure ratio of an open cycle unit is 5 with temperature range of 300K and 1050K.
Determine the thermal efficiency and work ratio if isentropic efficiencies of compressor
and turbine are 0.85. [15]

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 Code No:A109211401 R09 SET-2
B.Tech II Year - I Semester Examinations, December 2011
THERMAL ENGINEERING
(MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (MECHATRONICS))
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75
Answer any five questions
All questions carry equal marks
---

1.a) What is the concept of continuum? How will you define density and pressure using this
concept.
b) An Engine cylinder has the piston of area 0.12 m3 and contains gas at a pressure of 1.5
MPa. The gas expands according to a process which is represented by a straight line on
P-V diagram. The final pressure is 0.15 MPa. Calculate the work done by the gas on the
piston if the stroke is 0.3 m. [15]

2.a) Explain the system approach and control volume approach in the analysis of a flow
process.
b) A reciprocating air compressor takes in 2 m3/min at 0.11 MPa, 200C which it delivers at
1.5 MPa, 1110C to an after cooler where the air is cooled at constant pressure 250C. The
power absorbed by the compressor is 4.15 kW. Determine the heat transfer in
i) the compressor ii) the cooler. [15]

3.a) Show the equivalence Kelvin Planck statement and Claussius statement of second law of
thermodynamics.
b) A heat engine is used to drive a heat pump. The heat transfers from the engine and from
the heat pump are used to heat the water circulating through the radiators of a building.
The efficiency of the heat engine is 27% and the COP of heat pump is 4. Evaluate the
ratio of the heat transfer to the circulating water to the heat transfer to the heat engine.
[15]

4.a) The compression ratio of an ideal dual cycle is 15 air is at 101 kPa and 220 C at the
beginning of the compression process and at 2000 K at the end of the heat addition
process. Heat transfer to air takes place partly at constant volume and partly at constant
pressure and it amounts to 1000 kJ/kg assuming constant specific heat for air determine
i) The fraction of heat transferred at constant volume
ii) The thermal efficiency of cycle.
b) What is the cut-off ratio? How does it affect the thermal efficiency of a diesel cycle? [15]

5.a) Describe the working principle of Joules cycle along with P-v and T-s diagrams and
derive the equation for thermal efficiency.
b) Name the air standard cycle for the air refrigeration system and explain its working
principle. [15]

6.a) Explain the working principle of a fuel injector with suitable diagram?
b) Draw the schematic and port timing diagrams for two stroke S I Engine and explain the
salient features. [15]

7.a) What are the limitations of simple carburetor and how they can be rectified?
b) Explain the effect of operating variables on the delay period of C.I. Engine. [15]
8.a) What methods are adopted to improve the performance of the gas turbines? Explain with
line diagrams.
b) A gas turbine works between 7500C and 150C, leaves the compressor at 6.5 bar and
2500C. The maximum pressure raised in the combustion chamber is 6670C. Calculate the
thermal efficiency and work ratio. [15]

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 Code No:A109211401 R09 SET-3
B.Tech II Year - I Semester Examinations, December 2011
THERMAL ENGINEERING
(MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (MECHATRONICS))
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75
Answer any five questions
All questions carry equal marks
---

1.a) What do you understand by microscopic and macroscopic view points of

thermodynamics.
b) A mass of 1.5 kg of air is compressed from 0.1 MPa to 0.7 MPa for which pv = constant.
The specific volume of air 0.862 m3/kg, then calculate the work done by the piston to
compress the air. [15]

2.a) State the first law of a closed system undergoing a change of state.
b) In a gas turbine the gas enters at the rate of 5 kg/s with a velocity of 50 m/s and enthalpy
of 900 kJ/kg and leaves the turbine with a velocity of 150 m/s and enthalpy of 400 kJ/kg.
The loss of heat from the gases to the surroundings is 25 kJ/kg. The inlet conditions to be
100 kPa and 270C. Determine the power output of the turbine and the diameter of the
inlet pipe. [15]

3.a) What is Carnot cycle? What are the four processes which constitute the cycle? Explain in
detail.
b) An adiabatic vessel contains 2 kg of water at 250C. By paddle wheel work transfer, the
temperature of water is increases to 300C. If the specific heat of water is assumed to be
constant at 4.187 kJ/kg K, Find the entropy change. [15]

4.a) Explain the mixed or dual cycle? And derive the thermal efficiency and mep for the dual
cycle.
b) An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8. At the beginning of compression
process, air is at 95 kPa and 270C, and 750 kJ/kg of heat is transferred to air during the
constant volume heat addition process. Taking into account the variation of specific heat
with temperature, determine
i) The pressure and temperature at the end of heat addition process
ii) The net work output
iii) Thermal efficiency
iv) The mean effective pressure for the cycle. [15]

5.a) What is combined cycle? Describe its working principle.

b) Differentiate between Bell Coleman Cycle and Vapour compression refrigeration cycle.
[15]

6.a) Briefly explain the operation of a piston controlled two stroke S.I. engine?
b) What is p-v diagram of an I.C. Engine? What is its importance? [15]

7.a) Explain the influence of turbulence and speed on delay period in C.I. Engine combustion.
b) What are the ill effects in the engine cylinder in absence of lubrication? [15]
8.a) How much work can be saved with multistage compression with inter cooling in a gas
turbine power plant? Explain its influence on the performance of the gas turbine plant.
b) A gas turbine plant receives air at 1 bar and 293 K. Find thermal efficiency and work
ratio if the pressure ratio is 4 and polytropic index is 1.4. [15]

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 Code No:A109211401 R09 SET-4
B.Tech II Year - I Semester Examinations, December 2011
THERMAL ENGINEERING
(MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (MECHATRONICS))
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75
Answer any five questions
All questions carry equal marks
---

1.a) Differentiate between intensive properties and extensive properties with the suitable
examples.
b) A vacuum gauge mounted on a condenser reads 0.66 m of Hg. What is the absolute
pressure in the condenser in kPa when the atmospheric pressure is 101.3 kPa.
c) State and explain the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics. [15]

2.a) What are the major limitations of first law of thermodynamics? Explain them in detail.
b) The air speed of a turbojet engine in a flight is 270 m/s when the ambient temperature is -
150C. The gas outlet temperature for the nozzle is 873 K. The corresponding enthalpy
values for air and gas are 260 kJ/kg and 912 kJ/kg respectively. The fuel air ratio is 0.019
and the chemical energy of fuel is 44.5 MJ/kg. If the heat loss form the engine is 21 kJ/kg
of air, then calculate the exhaust velocity of the gases. [15]

3.a) Show that the Kelvin Planck statement and Claussius statement of second law
thermodynamics are same.
b) A heat engine receives half of its heat supply at 1000 K and half at 500 K while rejection
heat to a sink at 300 K. What is the maximum possible thermal efficiency of the heat
engine? [15]

4.a) Compare the efficiencies of Otto, Diesel and Dual cycles for same compression ratio and
for maximum pressure and temperature.
b) An engine of 250 mm bore and 375 mm stroke works on Otto cycle. The
clearance volume is 0.00263 m3. The initial pressure is limited to 25 bar, find the
following:
i) air standard efficiency of the cycle.
ii) mean effective pressure for the cycle. [15]

5.a) A refrigerator working on bell-Coleman cycle operates between pressure limits of 1.05
bar and 8.5bar. Air is drawn from the cold chamber at 10 0C, compressed and it is cooled
to 30 0C before entering the expansion cylinder. The expansion and compression follows
the law pv1.3 = constant. Determine the theoretical C.O.P. of the system.
b) Draw p-v and T-s diagrams of Rankine cycle and explain method to evaluate the
performance of the cycle. [15]

6.a) Explain the working principle of two stroke S I Engine along with port timing diagram.
b) How to achieve the required air fuel ratio in SI engine? Explain the equipment required
for better mixing and discuss its working. [15]

7.a) Explain the stages of combustion in C I Engine along with p-θ diagram.
 b) Does the supercharging enhance the power output of SI Engine? Explain methods to
achieve the supercharging. [15]

8.a) What are different parameters influence the performance of gas turbine and explain them
with the suitable diagrams.
b) A gas turbine works between the temperature limits of 300 K and 1200 K with the
compression ratio 6. Then calculate thermal efficiency work ratio and mass of air
required if the plant capacity is limited to 40 MW. [15]

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