Name of Student: GARBOSA, REJE MAE FOJAS – BSN 2D

Clinical Instructor: PROF. DONNA A. DEMEGILLO

RLE Activity: The Normal Newborn/ At-Risk

Label the newborn accordingly with its part as normal and at-risk. (Enumerate at least
10 items (2 points each) for a total score of 20.
Abnormalities/Problems/Congenital Disorders
1. HEAD
Normal Abnormal (Hydrocephalus)
• Normal amount CSF in the • Extra CSF in the ventricles
ventricles • Enlargement of the Head
• No enlargement of the head
• The average newborn's head Hydrocephalus - Hydrocephalus is a
measures 13 3/4 in (33-35 cm) buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the
hollow places inside the brain. These
hollow places are called ventricles. The
buildup of CSF can put pressure on the
brain.
• Macrosomia - A fetus larger than
4000 to 4500 grams (or 9 to 10
pounds). This can be associated
with hydrocephalus.
2. FACE (EYES)
Normal Abnormal
• Symmetrical position and shape
 • Ptosis - infants
and children is
when the upper
eyelid is lower
than it should be.
This might indicate problems with
the brain or nerves.

• Down Syndrome
- is a condition in
which a baby is
born with an
extra
chromosome.
They have characteristic of facial
appearance that includes a flattened
appearance to the face, outside
corners of the eyes that point
upward (up slanting palpebral
fissures), small ears, a short neck ,
and a tongue that tends to stick out
of the mouth.
• Red Reflex for cataracts – eye/vision
problems
• Sclera for jaundice–eye/vision
problems
• Coloboma (defect in pupil)-
eye/vision problems
3. FACE (EARS)
Normal Abnormal
• Symmetrical • Asymmetrical, overfolded helix
• Skin Tags (seen with down syndrome)
• Pits

• Abnormal growth of skin tags

• Abnormal growth of pits
4. MOUTH/LIPS
Normal Abnormal
• Symmetry of movement and
strength
• Hard palate dome-shaped • Cleft lip
• Uvula midline with symmetrical • Cleft Palate
movement of soft palate

5. CHEST
Normal Abnormal
• Chest circumference is at 30-33cm • Congenital Heart Defects
• Respiratory rate rang from 40-60
breathes per minute.
• Symmetrical chest movement
6. UPPER EXTREMITIES
Normal Abnormal
• Equal in length • Syndactyly – one limb
• Bilateral movement (undeveloped limbs)
• Can be flexed
• Normal number of fingers
• Normal size of hands
7. HIPS
Normal Abnormal
• No sign of instability • Dysplasia of the hips
• Hips abduct to more than 60 • Dislocated Hips
degrees
• Symmetric inguinal and buttock

8. SPINE
Normal Abnormal
• C-shaped spine • Spina Bifida Occulta (Neural tube
• Flat and straight when prone defect)
9. LOWER EXTREMITIES
Normal Abnormal
• Foot is in straight line • Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot)
• Legs equal in length
• Legs shorter than arms at birth
• Normal number of foots
• Single palmar crease and “sandal
gap”
10. GENITALIA and ANUS
Normal
• Normal urinary orifice, urethral
meatus at tip of penis
• Noninflamed urethral opening
• Shortened Legs (Dislocated Hips)
• Polydactyly (extra digit or toes)
• Down syndrome
Abnormal
• Hypospadias - is a birth defect in boys
in which the opening of the urethra is
not located at the tip of the penis