Anatomy and Physiolology Laboratory Manual

Volume 2, Series of 2020 JBD

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Anatomy and Physiolology Laboratory Manual
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MODULE 13
The Blood, Heart and Circulatory System

Activity 13.1
The Blood
Name: Jan Edward A. Mandani Date:__________
Section:BSN -1B Group:___7_____

POST TEST
A. Multiple Choice

1. Which would lead to increased erythropoiesis?

a. Chronic bleeding ulcer
b. Reduction in respiratory ventilation
c. Decreased level of physical activity
d. Reduced blood flow to the kidneys

2. In a person with sickle cell anemia, sickling of

RBCs can be induced by
a. blood loss.
b. vigorous exercise.
c. stress.
d. fever.
E. All of the above

3. A child is diagnosed with sickle cell anemia. This

means that
a. one parent had sickle cell anemia.
b. one parent carried the sickle cell gene.
c. both parents had sickle cell anemia.
d. both parents carried the sickle cell gene.

4. Polycythemia vera will result in

a. overproduction of WBCs.
b. exceptionally high blood volume.
c. abnormally high blood viscosity.
d. abnormally low hematocrit.

1
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Activity 13.2
Structure of the Heart
Name:Jan Edward Mandani Date: ____________
Section: BSN -1B Group: ____7_____

A. Using your reference materials, label the parts of the heart. Use a pencil in labeling.

LEFT COMMON CAROTID ARTERY

BRACHIOCEPHALIC TRUNK
LEFT SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY

SUPERIOR VENA CAVA AORTIC ARCH

LIGAMENTUM ARTERIOSUM
R. PULMONARY ARTERY

ASCENDING OARTA LEFT PULMONARY ARTERY

LEFT PULMONARY VEINS
PULMONARY TRUNK

AURICLE OF LEFT ATRIUM

RIGHT PULMONARY VEINS CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY
RIGHT ATRIUM
RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY LEFT CORONARY ARTERY
( IN CORONARY SULCUS ) ( IN CORONARY SULCUS )

ANTERIOR CARDIAC VEIN LEFT VENTRICLE

RIGHT VENTRICLE

RIGHT MARGINAL ARTERY GREAT CARDIAC VEIN

SMALL CARDIAC VEIN ANTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR ARTERY

( IN ANTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR
INFERIOR VENA CAVA SULCUS)

APEX

2
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AORTA SUPERIOR VENA CAVA

LEFT PULMONARY ARTERY RIGHT PULMONARY ARTERY

LEFT PULMONARY VEINS RIGHT PULMONARY VEINS

AURICLE OF LEFT ATRIUM
RIGHT ATRIUM
LEFT ATRIUM
INFERIOR VENA CAVA
GREAT CARDIAC VEIN
RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY ( IN RIGHT
POSTERIOR VEIN OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR GROOVE )
LEFT VENTRICLE
CORONARY SINUS

POSTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR ARTERY

LEFT VENTRICLE ( IN POSTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR
SULCUS )
MIDDLE CARDIAC VEIN
APEX
RIGHT VENTRICLE

3
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Anatomy and Physiolology Laboratory Manual
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AORTA

LEFT PULMONARY ARTERY

SUPERIOR VENA CAVA
LEFTT ATRIUM
RIGHT PULMONARY ARTERY

LEFT PULMONARY VEINS

PULMONARY TRUNK

RIGHT ATRIUM
MITRAL ( BICUSPID)
RIGHT PULMONARY VEINS VALVE

FOSSA OVALIS AORTIC VALVE

PECTINATE MUSCLES
PULMONARY VALVE
TRICUSPID VALVE
LEFT VENTRICLE
RIGHT VENTRICLE
PAPILLARY MUSCLES
CHORDAE TENDINEAE
INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM
TRABECULAE CARNEAE
EPICARDIUM
INFERIOR VENA CAVA MYOCARDIUM
ENDOCARDIUM

4
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B. Indicate the function/s of the human heart structures on the table below

Structure Function/s
Right atrium The right atrium receives blood from the veins and pumps it to the
right ventricle.
Right Auricle The right auricle receive non-oxygenated blood from upper and
lower venae cavae and small veins in the thorax and direct it to
the right ventricle.
Left atrium The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and
pumps it to the left ventricle.
Left auricle The left auricle receive oxygenated blood coming from lungs
through pulmonary veins and direct it to the left ventricle
Right Ventricle The right ventricle receives blood from the right atrium and
pumps it to the lungs, where it is loaded with oxygen.
Left Ventricle The left ventricle (the strongest chamber) pumps oxygen-rich
blood to the rest of the body. The left ventricle’s vigorous
contractions create our blood pressure
Interventricular Sulcus This physical structure comprises of a branch of the left coronary
artery, which supplies blood to the left section of the heart
Great Cardiac Vein The main function of the great cardiac vein is to contribute to the
venous drainage of the external layer of the myocardium
Small cardiac Vein It contributes formation of the great cardiac and draining the
right ventricle and veins at atria.it also contribut drainage of
external layer of the myocardium.
Right Coronary Artery The right coronary artery supplies blood to the right ventricle,
the right atrium, and the SA (sinoatrial) and AV (atrioventricular)
nodes, which regulate the heart rhythm
Anterior Interventricular Artery It empites its oxygen poor blood into the right atrium.
Circumflex Artery It supplies blood to the side (lateral wall) of the left ventricle. In a
small number of people, the circumflex artery supplies the lower
and back portions of the left ventricle.
Left Coronary Artery The left main coronary artery supplies blood to the left side of
the heart muscle (the left ventricle and left atrium).
Aorta The aorta is the largest artery in the body. It carries oxygenated
blood away from the left ventricle to the body
Pulmonary Artery Is responsible for transporting oygen-depleted blood aay from
the heart and back toward the lungs.
Superior Vena Cava A large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half
of the body to the right atrium of the heart.
Inferior Vena Cava A large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half
of the body to the right atrium of the heart.
Interventricular Septum The stout wall that separates the lower chambers (the ventricles)
of the heart from one another.

5
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Myocardium This ventricle is responsible for generating the power needed to

pump oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
Epicardium The epicardium functions to protect the inner heart layers and
also assists in the production of pericardial fluid.
Mitral Valve It Separates the top left chamber (left atrium) from the bottom
left chamber (left ventricle) and allow blood to be pumped from
the lungs to the left atrium. It Prevents the back flow of blood
from the left ventricle to the left atrium
Tricuspid Valve Opens to allow blood to flow from the right atrium to the right
ventricle And Prevents the back flow of blood from the right
ventricle to the right atrium.
Chordae tendineae It prevents the valves of heart from movement by holding the
flaps tightly against the strong flow of blood. It allows the blood
to flow in one direction only. When the cusps close, the chordae
tendineae prevent them from swinging back into the atrium
cavity.
Papillary Muscle The papillary muscles (PMs) play an important role in normal
cardiac function, helping to prevent leakage through the AV valves
during systole.
Aortic semilunar Valve Its function is two-fold. The more obvious purpose is that it allows
the left ventricle to build pressure when itn and blood will have
enough force to go to the rest of the body
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve The pulmonary semilunar valve allows blood to flow from the right
ventricle to the pulmonary trunk and the pulmonary circuit.

C. Put in Order
Arrange these heart structures in the order in which blood passes through them – assume the blood is
about to leave the right atrium.

o Aorta
o Aortic semilunar valve
o Left atrium
o Left ventricle
o Lungs
o Mitral valve
o Pulmonary artery
o Pulmonary semilunar valve
o Right ventricle
o Superior/inferior vena cava
o Tissues of the body
o Tricuspid valve

6
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Answer:
• Tricuspid valve
• Right ventricle
• Pulmonary semilunar valve
• Pulmonary artery
• Lungs
• Left atrium
• Mitral valve
• Left ventricle
• Aortic semilunar valve
• Aorta
• Tissues of the body
• Superior/inferior vena cava

7
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Activity 13.3
ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF THE HEART

Name: Jan Edward Mandani. Date: __________

Section: BSN -1B Group: ____7____

1. On-line film showing. Please click the link below for a video of electrocardiography
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RYZ4daFwMa8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Q8YSpMcO-8

2. Fill-in
a. Relaxation of the heart chamber is called Diastole.

b. Contraction of a heart chamber is called Systole.

c. The portion of the ECG that represents ventricular repolarization is the T Wave.
d. Leads I, II, III together are called the Standard leads.

e. Tachycardia is the condition of elevated heart rate.

3. Discuss briefly the flow of Blood as shown in the diagram below. Follow the ARROWS as your
guide when discussing the flow of blood to and from the heart. Blue color contains
DEOXYGENATED BLOOD while RED COLOR contains OXYGENATED BLOOD:

8
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Answer: Blood returns from the heart through two large veins, the posterior ( inferior) and the anterior (
superior) vena cava - carrying deoxygenated blood from the lungs to the right atrium or the right chamber
of the heart and then blood flows through the Tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The tricuspid valve
prevent the blood flowing backwards into the right atrium.the righ ventricle pumps blood through the
pulmonary valve into the main artery.From there the blood travels into the right and left pulmonary
arteries into the lungs. After the blood gets oxygenated it flows from the lungs back into the left atrium
by the pulmonary veins then the oxygenated blood passes the mitral valve into the left ventricle and
pumps blood through the aortic valve into the oarta that takes oxygen blood out to rest of the body.

4. Label the pointed structures

TEMPORAL ARTERY
FACIAL ARTERY
CAROTID ARTERY

BRACHIAL ARTERY

RADIAL ARTERY
FEMORAL ARTERY

POPLITEAL ARTERY

POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY

DORSALIS PEDIS ARTERY

PULSE POINTS OF THE BODY

9
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Activity 13.4
The Circulatory System and Pathways

Name: Jan Edward Mandani Date: ___________

Section: BSN - 1B Group: ____7_____

LABEL THE POINTED STRUCTURES

VERTEBRAL
RIGHT COMMON CAROTID
RIGHT SUBCLAVIAN
LEFTCOMMON CAROTID
BRANCLUOCEPHALIC TRUNK LEFT SUBCLAVIAN

AXILLARY
AORTIC ARCH
ASCENDING AORTA PULMONARY TRUNK
DESCENDING AORTA

DIAPHRAGM
CILIAC TRUNK
BRACHIAL RENAL

SUPERIOR MESENTRIC

GONADAL

INFERIOR MISCENTRIC

RADIAL COMMON ILIAC

INTERNAL ILIAC
ULNAR
EXTERNAL
ILIAC

PALMAR
ARCHES DEEP
FEMORAL
S

MAJOR ARTERIES OF THE BODY

10
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VERTEBRAL
EXTERNAL JUGULAR INTERNAL JUGULAR
SUBCLAVIAN
BRANCHIOCEPALIC
AXILLARY
CEPHALIC SUPERIOR VENA CAVA

INTERCOASTAL
BRACHIAL

HEPATIC VEINS
INFERIOR VENA CAVA
RENAL
MEDIAL CUBITAL GONADAL

RADIAL LUMBAR
MEDIAN ANTIBRONCHIAL
COMMON ILIAC
ULNAR
EXTERNAL ILIAC
PALMAR VENOUS ARCHES INTERNAL ILIAC

DIGITAL VEINS DEEP

FEMORAL
FEMORAL
GREAT SAPHENOUS VEIN

REPLITIAL

SMALL SAPHENOUS VEIN POSTERIOR TIBIAL

ANTERIOR TIBIAL
FIBULAR

PLANTAR VENOUS ARCH

DORSAL VENOUS ARCH

11
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MAJOR VEINS OF THE BODY

SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL VEIN

FACIAL VEIN

EXTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN

VERTEBRAL VEIN

INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN

MAJOR VEINS OF THE HEAD

HEPATIC VEINS

GASTRIC VEINS
LIVER SPLEEN
INFERIOR VENA CAVA
HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN SPLENIC VEIN
RIGHT GASTROEPIPLOIC VEINS
INFERIOR MESENTERIC VEIN

SUPERIOR MESENTERIC
VEIN
SMALL INTESTINE
LARGE INTESTINE
RECTUM
THE HEPATIC PORTAL CIRCULATION

12
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CORONARY SINUS
CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY

GREAT CARDIAC VEIN

CIRCUMFLEX BRANCH OF L.
CORONARY ARTERY
POSTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR
(DESCENDING )ARTERY

POSTERIOR VEIN OF LEFT

VENTRICLE

SMALL CARDIAC VEIN

RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY

MIDDLE CARDIAC VEIN

CORONARY CIRCULATON

A. Multiple Choice

1. Pulmonary veins deliver freshly oxygenated blood

from the lungs to the
a. right ventricle.
b. left ventricle.
c. right atrium.
d. left atrium.
2. Given a volume of 150 ml at the end of diastole, a
volume of 50 ml at the end of systole, and a heart
rate of 60 bpm, the cardiac output is
a. 600 ml/min.
b. 6 liters/min.
c. 1200 ml/min.
d. 3 liters/min.
3. Which of the following depolarizes next after the
AV node?
a. Atrial myocardium

13
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b. Ventricular myocardium
c. Bundle branches
d. AV bundle

4. During atrial systole,

a. the atrial pressure exceeds ventricular pressure.

b. Seventy percent of ventricular filling occurs.
c. the AV valves are open.
d. valves prevent backflow into the great veins.

5. Atrial repolarization coincides in time with the

a. P wave. c. QRS wave

b. T wave. d. P-Q interval

B. PUT IN ORDER
Arrange these structures in the order in which blood passes through them in a circuit FROM THE HEART
TO THE FOOT and BACK:
PUT IN ORDER
Abdominal oarta anterior tibial artery 1. Left ventrcile
Anterior tibial vein aortic arch 2. Ascending aorta
Ascending aorta common iliac artery 3. aortic arch
Common iliac vein external iliac artery 4. thoracic aorta
External iliac vein femoral artery 5. Abdominal oarta
Femoral vein foot 6. common iliac artery
Inferior vena cava left ventricle 7. external iliac artery
Popliteal artery popliteal vein 8. femoral artery
Right atrium thoracic aorta 9. Popliteal artery
10. anterior tibial artery
11. foot
12. Anterior tibial vein
13. popliteal vein
14. Femoral vein

15. External iliac vein

16. Common iliac vein
17. Inferior vena cava
18. Right atrium

1. portion of the oarta in the abdomen Abdominal aorta.

2. continuation of the subclavian artery inferior to the clavicle Axillary artery.
3. Artery that supplies the diaphragm Celiac artery.

14
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4. Vein that drains the liver Hepatic vein.

5. Vessel that conducts blood from digestive organs to the liver Hepatic portail.
6. Major medial tributary of the external iliac vein Great superior vein.
7. Unpaired vein that drains into the posterior aspect of the superior vena cava Azygos
vein.
8. First major branch of the aorta Branchiocephalic artery.

Complete the table below

Vessel Tissues supplied or Drained

Brachiocephalic artery It supplies the head, neck, upper limbs, thoracic
wall
Left common carotid artery It supplies the left side of the head and neck
Left subclavian artery Neck, left upper limb, brain and spinal cord
Celiac artery Supplies upper limbs(underneath clavicle
Phrenic arteries Supplies blood to the diaphram
Superior mesenteric artery Supplies blood to the pancreas , small
intestine,cecum,appendix and ascending or
transverse colon
Inferior mesenteric artery Descending/ sigmoid colon and rectum
Renal artery All tissues of the kidney
Suprarenal artery Supply blood to the adrenal glands located above
the kidney
External iliac artery Supply the
Lower limbs
Internal iliac artery Supply blood to Urinary bladder, wall of pelvic and
medial side og thigh
Hepatic vein It drains digestive viscera and transport blood into
the liver to the inferior vena cava
External iliac vein Supplies the Lower limb
Internal iliac vein It supplies the Pelvis or Viscera
Renal vein The R and L renal drain the kidney
Testicular vein Drained by prostatic venous plexus and supplied
testis and uterus

15
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Ovarian vein The ovaries and are supplied and drain by the
pampiniform venous plexus
Phrenic vein Drain the diaphram
Superior mesenteric vein Drains the entire small intestine , part of large
intestine and most of the colon
Inferior mesenteric vein Drains distal portion of large intestine and rectum
Gastroepiploic vein Drains blood from the lower areas of the body/
stomach into the superior meentric vein.
Cystic vein Drain the gallbladder ( hepatic portal)

REFERENCES
Module 13 The Blood, Heart and Circulatory System

Anatomy of the Human Heart - Posterior View. (n.d.). PurposeGames.Com. Retrieved July 26, 2020, from
https://www.purposegames.com/game/anatomy-of-the-heart-posterior-view-quiz

BP Calculator. (n.d.). Www.Baymedicalgroup.Co.Uk. Retrieved July 26, 2020, from

https://www.baymedicalgroup.co.uk/bp-calculator

CV Physiology | Electrocardiogram Standard Limb Leads (Bipolar). (n.d.). Www.Cvphysiology.Com.

Retrieved February 23, 2020, from https://www.cvphysiology.com/Arrhythmias/A013a

External Heart Anatomy Diagram | Heart anatomy, Heart diagram, Human heart anatomy. (n.d.).
Pinterest. Retrieved July 26, 2020, from https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/395261304767799606/

Gross anatomy of the heart anterior view - Anatomy & Physiology 2094c with Socci at Seminole State
College. (n.d.). StudyBlue. Retrieved July 26, 2020, from
https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/gross-anatomy-of-the-heart-anterior-view/deck/22371882

heart | Taber’s Medical Dictionary. (n.d.). Www.Tabers.Com. Retrieved July 26, 2020, from
https://www.tabers.com/tabersonline/view/Tabers-Dictionary/748184/all/heart

Nasir, S. Z. (2017, August 31). Introduction to ECG. The Engineering Projects.

https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/2017/08/introduction-to-ecg.html

Pin on Anatomy & Physiology. (n.d.). Pinterest. Retrieved July 26, 2020, from
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/423971752404940536/

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means , including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written
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Pulses of the Human Body. (2016, October 24). CPR Works. https://cprworksfl.com/2016/10/24/pulses-
of-the-human-body/

Shaikhani. (2009, October 17). Cardiac Dysrhythmias. https://www.slideshare.net/shaikhani/cardiac-

dysrhythmias

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