Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 5
Acquisition and Expenditure Cycle
“Show those numbers to the damn auditors and I'll throw you out the $%*@@
window.”----(Buddy Yates, director of WorldCom, Inc. general accounting, to an
employee asking for an explanation of a large accounting discrepancy).
8-2
Presentation Outline
I. The Expenditure Cycle
II. Expenditure Cycle Risk, Control
Procedures, and Testing
III. Audit Evidence in Management Reports
and Data Files
IV. Other Accounts in Cycle
8-3
I. The Expenditure Cycle
A. Requisitioning in Stores
B. Order Processing in Purchasing
C. Receiving
D. Delivery Acknowledgement in Stores
E. Invoice Verification in Purchasing
F. Accounts Payable Prepares the Voucher
Package
G. Cash Disbursements
H. General Ledger
I. Internal Audit
8-4
A. Requisitioning in Stores
Delivery
Receiving ❖ The stores department
Match to Report
Delivery acknowledges receipt of
the delivery on the
Retrieve receiving report in the
Receiving purchase database.
Report
❖ Purchasing and
accounts payable have
Goods access to the
Receipt
Processing
Purchase
Database
acknowledged report
thru the purchase
database.
8-8
E. Invoice Verification in Purchasing
From Vendor
❖ Purchasing uses the
purchase database to
compare the purchase order,
Vendor acknowledged receiving
Invoice
report, and vendor invoice
for any discrepancies.
❖ Purchasing authorizes the
Purchase Invoice
Database Verification invoice for payment once
they are satisfied that the
invoice is correct per the
Vendor
Invoice
order and what was
received.
To Accounts
Payable
F. Accounts Payable Prepares the Voucher Package
8-9
From Purchasing
❖ The purchase
requisition, purchase
Vendor
Invoice order, acknowledged
receiving report, and
Prepare approved vendor
Voucher
Purchase
Requisition
invoice provide the
Purchase
support for the
Order Accounts preparation of a
Voucher Payable
Receiving
Processing or voucher.
Report
Voucher
Register ❖ The voucher serves to
summarize the
Retrieve Voucher Voucher Journal
Documents Check Voucher purchase for entry on
the records as a
liability.
Purchase To General
Database To Cash Ledger
Disbursements
G. Cash Disbursements 8-10
Voucher
Sign Cancel
From Accounts
Payable
Voucher
Check
Checks Voucher
after ❖Cash
Signing
Check
disbursements
Voucher Voucher received the
Check
voucher
package and
Post
check for
Check
Register signing.
❖Cash
disbursements
Voucher Control
maintains a
Check Total check register
and forwards a
journal entry to
Forward to To General general ledger.
Payee Ledger
H. General Ledger 8-11
❖General ledger
Control Journal
Total Voucher
From Cash From Accounts
Disbursements Payable receives the journal
entry from accounts
Compare
Post payable (Debit –
Accounts payable
General
Ledger
and Credit – Cash)
General
Processing Ledger and compares it to
the control total for
Control
Total
cash disbursements.
Journal
Voucher
❖The journal entry is
then posted into the
general ledger.
8-12
I. Internal Audit
Bank
Statement
From Cancelled
Bank Checks An independent
reconciliation
of the bank
Bank
Reconciliation
Check account is
Register
performed by
Bank
internal audit.
Reconciliation
Bank
Statement
Cancelled
Checks
8-13
A. Inherent Risks
❖Unrecorded liabilities – may arise when invoice
verification has not been completed for what should be
a liability.
❖Noncancelable purchase agreements – drop in market
prices below agree contractual price should result in
loss recognition.
❖Capitalizing expenses – expenditures with no future
value may be capitalized when they should be
expensed.
8-15
D. Assertions
of Classes of
Transactions
and Events
for the
Period:
Acquisition
and
Expenditure
Cycle
8-18
E. Direction of Tests
8-19
G. Purchase Cutoffs
• Verify CUT-OFFs for purchases
– Examine Receiving Reports and Vendor Sales
Invoices occurring around year-end to ensure
inventory received is included in the
appropriate period.
8-21
E. Purchases Journal
Purchases can be scanned for purchasing
patterns indicating error or fraud:
❖Purchase with unapproved vendors
❖Purchases to multiple companies at the
same address
❖Duplicate payments
❖Vendors whose address matches an
employee
8-27
Summary
❖Segregation of Duties in Expenditure Cycle
❖Risk and Testing in Expenditure Cycle
❖Searching for Unrecorded Liabilities
❖Audit of Property, Plant & Equipment