Korean for Beginners

Vocabulary

Natalya Karavaeva
BA in Korean Philology,
Department of Korean Studies
Vocabulary

•• 어디 — where
•• 오 — five (Sino-Korean number)

•• 팔 — eight (Sino-Korean number)

•• 남자 친구 — boyfriend (often shortened to 남친)

•• 여자 친구 — girlfriend (often shortened to 여친)

Vocabulary

•• 지하철 — subway
•• 지하철역 — subway station

•• 은행 — bank

•• 우체국 — post office

•• 가게 — shop, store

•• 음식점 — restaurant, cafe

•• 버스 정류장 — bus station

Vocabulary

•• 대학교 — university (often shortened to 학교)

•• 교실 — classroom

•• 도서관 — library

•• 집 — home, house

•• 방 — room

•• 층 — floor

•• 벽 — wall
Vocabulary

•• 물건 — thing, stuff (a tangible object)

•• 공책 — notebook

•• 컴퓨터 — computer

•• 시계 — clock, watch

•• 필통 — pencil case

•• 연필 — pencil

•• 볼펜 — pen

•• 지갑 — wallet
Vocabulary

•• 열쇠 — key
•• 거울 — mirror

•• 여권 — passport

•• 휴지 — tissue, toilet paper

•• 교통카드 — transport card

•• 한러 사전 — Korean-Russian dictionary
Vocabulary

•• 책상 — desk
•• 침대 — bed
Vocabulary

•• 바로 — at once, right away

•• 지금 — now

•• 정말 — really, truly, indeed

•• 크다 — big •• 작다 — small
•• 많다 — a lot, lots •• 적다 — few, little

•• 무겁다 — heavy •• 가볍다 — light

•• 괜찮다 — fine, good, all right, ok

•• 살다 — to live
Korean for Beginners

Existence and
Non-existence -이 / 가
있다 / 없다. The Location
Particle -에

Natalya Karavaeva
BA in Korean Philology,
Department of Korean Studies
-이 / 가 있다 / 없다

-이 / 가 있다 expresses existence, or possession (of something)

-이 / 가 없다 expresses non-existence, or non-possession (of something)

Examples with -이 / 가 있다 / 없다

무엇이 있습니까?
—— ——What do [you] have?

공책이 있습니다.
—— ——[I] have a notebook.

남자 친구가 있습니까?
—— ——Do [you] have a boyfriend?

아니요, 없습니다.
—— ——No, [I] don’t.
The Particle of Location -에

To say that something is located in a place, the particle of location -에 is added to the place name.

——수미 씨가 집에 있습니까? ——Is Sumi at home?

——네, 있습니다. ——Yes, [she] is at home.

——교실에 컴퓨터가 있습니까? ——Is there a computer in the classroom?

——아니요, 없습니다. ——No, there is not.

The Particle of Location -에

The word ‘where’ — 어디 — is placed after the noun with the subject particle.

——마리아 씨가 어디에 있습니까? ——Where is Maria?

——우체국에 있습니다. ——[She] is at the post office.

——시계가 어디에 있습니까? ——Where is the clock?

——벽에 있습니다. ——It’s on the wall.

Korean for Beginners

Comitative Particles
-와 / 과, -하고, -랑 and the
Particle -도 (Also)

Natalya Karavaeva
BA in Korean Philology,
Department of Korean Studies
A Comitative Particle

•• A comitative particle is used to attach two nouns

together and corresponds to ‘and’ or ‘with’ in English

•• There are three kinds of comitative particles in Korean

-와/ 과

-와/과 is the official or formal form, used in writing, in presentations, and in speeches.
•• For a noun ending in a vowel, add -와

•• For a noun ending in a consonant, add -과

방에 책상과 침대가 있습니다. There is a desk and a bed in the room.

누나와 부모님이 집에 없습니다. [My] parents and elder sister are not at home.
-하고

-하고 and -(이)랑 (next slide) are used in everyday speech.

언니가 저하고 지금 은행에 있습니다. My elder sister and I are at the bank now.

반친구는 김 교수님하고 음식점에 The classmates are at the restaurant with

professor Kim.
있습니다.
-(이)랑

-이랑
•• For a noun ending in a consonant, add

•• For a noun ending in a vowel, add -랑

필통에 볼펜이랑 연필이 있습니다. There is a pen and a pencil in the pencil case.

가방에 열쇠랑 여권이 없습니다. There is no key or passport in the bag.

같이 and 함께

It is possible to use -와 / 과, -하고, -(이)랑 with 같이 [가치]

and 함께 meaning ‘together with’.

——누구하고 삽니까? ——With whom do you live?

——저는 부모님이랑 같이 삽니다.        ——I live together with my parents.

The Particle -도

The particle -도 corresponds to ‘too’, ‘also’, ‘as well’, ‘both’ in English.

지갑에 현금도 카드도 있습니다. I have both cash and a card in my wallet.

——우리 집에 방이 세 개 있습니다.  ——We have a three-room apartment

(lit. ‘There are three rooms in our apartment’).

——우리 집에도 방이 세 개 있습니다.    ——We also have a three-room apartment

(lit. ‘There are 3 rooms in our apartment too’).
The Particle -도

The particle -도 corresponds to ‘too’, ‘also’, ‘as well’, ‘both’ in English.

제시 씨는 호주 사람입니다.  Jessi is Australian. I am Australian too.

저도 호주 사람입니다.
Korean for Beginners

Location Nouns

Natalya Karavaeva
BA in Korean Philology,
Department of Korean Studies
Location Nouns

•• Location nouns are used to express the location of something in space

•• They are placed after the noun with respect to which something is located.
Location nouns are always placed after ordinary nouns

Compare

At school (in English) School at (lit. in Korean)

위

•• 위(에) — top (on top of, above Noun)

강아지가 의자 위에 있습니다.
The puppy is on top of the chair.
아래

•• 아래(에) — below (below Noun)

강아지가 의자 아래에 있습니다.

The puppy is below the chair.
밑

•• 밑(에) — underside (underneath Noun)

강아지가 의자 밑에 있습니다.
The puppy is underneath the chair.
오른쪽

•• 오른쪽(에) — right side (to / on the right of Noun)

강아지가 의자 오른쪽에 있습니다.

The puppy is on the right of the chair.
왼쪽

•• 왼쪽(에) — left side (to / on the left side of Noun)

강아지가 의자 왼쪽에 있습니다.

The puppy is on the left of the chair.
앞

•• 앞(에) — front (in front of the Noun)

강아지가 의자 앞에 있습니다.
The puppy is in front of the chair.
뒤

•• 뒤(에) — back (behind of Noun)

강아지가 의자 뒤에 있습니다.
The puppy is behind the chair.
옆

•• 옆(에) — side (next to, beside Noun)

강아지가 의자 옆에 있습니다.
The puppy is beside the chair.
사이

N1
-와/과, -하고, -(이)랑
between (between Noun 1 and Noun 2)
N2
사이(에)

강아지가 의자와 책상 사이에 있습니다.

The puppy is between the chair and the desk.
가운데

•• 가운데(에) — center (in the centre of Noun)

강아지가 방 가운데에 있습니다.

The puppy is in the center of the room.
안

•• 안(에) — inside (inside Noun)

강아지가 상자 안에 있습니다.
The puppy is inside the box.
밖

•• 밖(에) — outside (outside Noun)

강아지가 상자 밖에 있습니다.
The puppy is outside the box.
근처

•• 근처(에) — vicinity, near to (in the vicinity of something)

그 가게가 지하철역 근처에 있습니다.

That store is in the vicinity of the subway station.      
Korean for Beginners

The Possessive
Particle -의

Natalya Karavaeva
BA in Korean Philology,
Department of Korean Studies
The Particle -의

•• The particle -의 indicates possession or belonging

•• It is attached to the possessor

•• -의 is pronounced as [에] when it is not part of a stem but of the possessive particle

이것은 제크의 교통카드입니다. This is Jack’s transport card. 

저 분은 우리의 선생님입니다. That person over there is our teacher.

The Particle -의

•• The particle -의 indicates possession or belonging

•• It is attached to the possessor

•• -의 is pronounced as [에] when it is not part of a stem but of the possessive particle

그 고양이는 언니의 고양이입니다. This cat is my elder sister’s.

이것은 누구의 것입니까? Whose thing is this?

The Particle -의

-의 is frequently dropped like almost any

other particle in everyday speech if it is clear
what is meant from the context.