welcome

To Be
Forms
• IS = he, she, it & all singular noun names
(singular subject)
• ARE = we, you, they & all plural noun
names (plural subject)
• AM = only used with ‘I’
• Singular countable nouns: Rahul,
Ashish, Jyoti, doctor, singer, mother, car,
bus, table, etc.
Plural noun names: students, parents,
teachers, sisters, brothers, cars, buses,
tables, etc.
• Structure: Subject + is/am/are + noun
 AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
An affirmative sentence simply states
something. It is any declaration that is
positive. An affirmative sentence
expresses the validity of truth of an
assertion.
Jane is a girl. – Is an example of an
affirmative sentence.
An affirmative or positive sentence
means something is so, while a negative
sentence – which is its polar opposite –
means something is not so. •NEGATIVE SENTENCES
•-A sentence is usually made negative in English by
placing the adverb ‘not’ after the finite verb. Such verbs
are:
•Jane is not a boy. – Is an example of a negative sentence.
 Singular and plural Nouns
• Plural Nouns
Singular Nouns • Plural nouns are of greater quantity.A
plural noun is the name of more than
Singular nouns are those one person, place, thing, or idea.

nouns that are single in

number . A singular
noun names one
person ,place, thing, or
idea.
Rules:
 Have / Has
• How do you use have? • How do you use has?
• Have is the conjugation of to have that’s • Has is the conjugation of to have that’s used
used when: when:
• speaking in the first person (I, we) • speaking in the third person singular (he, she,
• speaking in the second person (you) and it).

• speaking in the third person plural (they) • For example,the following sentence:"She has
a dog."Here ,has is the correct choice
• Take, for example, the following sentence:
because the subject (she) is a third peson
“They have two dogs.” Here, have is the
singular pronoun.
correct choice because the subject (they) is a
third person plural pronoun.
 Some
adverbs:
Wh –
questions:
 THERE IS/ THERE ARE
• Positive Sentences
• We use there is for singular and there are for plural.
• There is not a horse in the field.
• There is one table in the classroom.
• There are many people at the bus stop.
• We also use There is with uncountable nouns:
• There is milk in the fridge.
• There is some sugar on the table.
<Contractions>
The contraction of there is is there's.
• There's a good song on the radio.
• There's only one chocolate left in the box.
You cannot contract there are.
• There are nine cats on the roof.
• There are only five weeks until my birthday.
• Negative Form
• The negative is formed by putting not after is or are:
• There are not eight children in the school.
• There is not a tree in the garden.
• There are not two elephants in the zoo.
• We almost always use contractions when speaking.
• The Negative contractions are:
• There's not = There isn't
• There are not = There aren't
• Questions
• To form a question we place is / are in front of there.
• We also use there is / are in short answers.
• Is there a dog in the supermarket? - No, there isn't.
• Are there any dogs in the park? - Yes, there are.
• Is there any ice-cream in the freezer? - Yes, there is.
 For/from/to/until
When we have from a • For example:
duration, we use "for". • 1)I study for 7 hours.
When we use "from" and • 2)I study from 8 a.m to 1 or
"to", we show starting 2 p.m
point and ending point.
• 3)I study until 2
When we use "until", we
show ending point.
Time in
English
Possessive
adjectives: • We use possessive adjectives:
• to show something belongs to somebody:
• That's our house.
My car is very old.
• for relations and friends:
• My mother is a doctor.
How old is your sister?
• for parts of the body:
• He's broken his arm.
She's washing her hair.
I n eed to clea n my teeth.
The end