Parts of the

Speech
Morphosyntax I
niversidad De La Amazonia
Professor: Novas
NOUNS

A Noun is a word used as the name of a person, place or thing.

Types of nouns
• Common Noun: A common noun is a noun referring to a person,
place or thing in a general sense. Common here means ‘shared by all.’

examples
• The nearest town is 60 miles away.
• She is a good girl.
• I really want a new pair of jeans
Proper Noun

A proper noun represents the name of a specific person, place, or

thing. Proper nouns are always written with a capital letter at the
beginning.

• James Rodrigues is a Colombian football player.

• Colombia is a democratic country.
• Diego is a good boy
• Collective Noun:
A collective noun is the name of a number of persons or things taken
together and considered as one unit

• The flock of geese spends most of its time in the pasture.

• The police dispersed the crowd.
• I saw a fleet of ships in the harbour.
Abstract noun:
An abstract noun is a noun which names quality, action,virtue or state,
which one cannot perceive through one’s five physical senses. Many
abstract nouns are formed by adding suffixes (-ness, -ity, -tion) to
adjectives or verbs to make a noun form.

• examples are happiness, formality, and gradation.

• We all love honesty.

• I love to remember the happy days of childhood.
• Success seems to come easily to certain people.
• Compound nouns are formed by joining two simple nouns
together.

Examples:

• boy + friend= boyfriend

• ice + land= Iceland
• brother + in + law= brother-in-law
• grass + hopper= grasshopper
• Material noun is the name given to the material, substance or things
made up of alloy. It refers to the type of substance instead of
individual particles of the substance.
• Cotton dresses are very cheap and comfortable.
• My mom purchased a gold ring for me.
• I drink milk in the silver
• My father has a shop for diamonds.
Singular and Plural Nouns
• The plural of nouns is usually formed by adding S to a singular noun.
• Examples:
• lamp – lamps
• cat – cats
• fork – forks
Nouns ending in s, z, x, sh, and ch form the plural by adding ES.
Examples:
moss – mosses
dish – dishes
church – churches
box – boxes
• Nouns ending in y preceded by a consonant are formed into a plural
by changing y to ies.
Examples:
• lady – ladies
• city – cities
• army – armies

Nouns ending in y preceded by a vowel form their plurals by adding s.

Examples:
boy – boys
day – days
• Most nouns ending in o preceded by a consonant are formed
• into a plural by adding es.
• Examples:
• Hero – heroes
• Grotto - grottoes
Although some may add s or es.
• Examples:
• halo, tornado
• and some add s only:
• Examples: solo, piano, albino, lasso
• Some nouns ending in f or fe are made plural by changing f or fe to
ves.
Examples:
• leaf – leaves
• wife – wives
• half – halves
• life – lives
• Some nouns ending in f or fe form their plurals by adding s.
Examples:
• chief – chiefs
• roof – roofs
• safe - safes
• There are some irregular plurals such as:
• Man – men
• Woman – women
• Ox – oxen
• Mouse – mice
• Goose - geese
Some nouns have no singular, such as:
• scissors
• measles (saranpión)
• tongs ( tenazas)
• Tweezers (pinzas)
• trousers
• Some nouns are always singular. Some of these nouns may also be
used in the plural.
Examples: gold, silver, wheat, gallows, news
• If compound nouns are plural, form the plural with the first word.
Examples:
Singular

son-in-law
daughter-in-law
maid of honor
secretary of state
ADJECTIVES
• ADJECTIVE is that word which describes or limits noun or a
pronoun • It tells something more about them

ADJECTIVES OF QUALITY ( descriptive)

Adjective showing the kind or quality of nouns or pronouns is
called Adjective of Quality. These kinds of adjectives are adjectives
that can describe the characteristics of a noun. They answer the
question “what kind.”
• Here are some other quality adjectives: beautiful, sweet, good, bold,
clever,honest, kind, large, strong, big.

Here are some of these adjectives used in sentences:

• This piece of candy is sweet.
• My husband is handsome.
• My son is good, most of the time.
• The dog is hungry.
• This shirt is blue.

Some good examples of quality adjectives include colors and sizes.

Quantitative adjectives
Quantitative adjectives describe the quantity of something.
In other words, they answer the question “how much?” or “how many?
"Numbers like one and thirty are this type of adjective. So are more
general words like many, half and a lot.
Examples:
• “How many children do you have?” “I only have one daughter.”
• “Do you plan on having more kids?” “Oh yes, I want many children!”
• “I can’t believe I ate that whole cake!”
Demonstrative
• A demonstrative adjective describes “which” noun or pronoun you’re
referring to. These adjectives include the words:
• This — Used to refer to a singular noun close to you.
• That — Used to refer to a singular noun far from you.
• These — Used to refer to a plural noun close to you.
• Those — Used to refer to a plural noun far from you.
Demonstrative adjectives always come before the word they’re
modifying
possessive adjectives
possessive adjectives show possession. They describe to whom a thing belongs. Some of the most common possessive
adjectives include:
• My — Belonging to me
• His — Belonging to him
• Her — Belonging to her
• Their — Belonging to them
• Your — Belonging to you
• Our — Belonging to us
All these adjectives, except the word his, can only be used before a noun. You can’t just say “That’s my,” you have to say
“That’s my pen.” When you want to leave off the noun or pronoun being modified, use these possessive adjectives
instead:
• Mine
• His
• Hers
• Theirs
• Yours
• Ours
Interrogative adjectives
• Interrogative adjectives interrogate, meaning that they ask a
question. These adjectives are always followed by a noun or a
pronoun, and are used to form questions. The interrogative adjectives
are:
• Which — Asks to make a choice between options.
• What — Asks to make a choice (in general).
• Whose — Asks who something belongs t
Distributive adjectives
Distributive adjectives describe specific members out of a group. These
adjectives are used to single out one or more individual items or people.
Some of the most common distributive adjectives include:
• Each — Every single one of a group (used to speak about group members
individually).
• Every — Every single one of a group (used to make generalizations).
• Either — One between a choice of two.
• Neither — Not one or the other between a choice of two.
• Any — One or some things out of any number of choices. This is also used
when the choice is irrelevant, like: “it doesn’t matter, I’ll take any of them.”
ARTICLES
here are only three articles, and all of them are adjectives: a,
an, and the. Because they are used to discuss non-specific things and
people, a and an are called indefinite articles. For example:
• I’d like a
• Let’s go on an
Neither one of these sentences names a specific banana or a certain
adventure. Without more clarification, any banana or adventure will do.
• The word the is called the definite article. It’s the only definite article, and
it is used to indicate very specific people or things:
• Please give me a banana. I’d like the one with the green stem.
• Let’s go on an adventure. The Grand Canyon mule ride sounds perfect!
Demonstrative Adjectives

• Like the article the, demonstrative adjectives are used to indicate or

demonstrate specific people, animals, or things. These, those,
this and that are demonstrative adjectives.
• These books belong to Ana
• This movie is my favorite.
• Please put those cookies on the blue plate.
That was all by the meantime !!!!!