LESSON 2:

INTRODUCTION
PHASE
Macaulay Buena Bagnate, LPT, CB, CARMA
Research Instructor
At the end of the presentation, you will be able to:

 Propose a good research title

 Develop a Rationale of the Research
 Formulate a SMART Purpose of the
Research
 Determine the Significance of the
Research
 List accurately the Definitions of Terms
to be used in the Research
 Specify the Scope and Limitations of
the Research
 Make a Statement of Desired
Outcomes
THE RESEARCH TITLE
Macaulay Buena Bagnate, LPT, CB, CARMA
Research Instructor
RESEARCH TITLE

 A research title prefaces the study by providing a summary of the main idea. It
is usually short and concise but shall represent all the relevant elements of the
study at the same time. A research title should have the following
characteristics (Basilan, 2019, p.18; Cristobal and De La Cruz-Cristobal,
2017b, p.17):
 It should be written clearly and specifically.
 It should summarize the main idea of the paper.
 It should be a concise statement of the main topic.
 It should include the major variables of the research study.
 It should be self-explanatory.
 It should describe or imply the participants in the study.
RESEARCH TITLE

 Good and Effective Research Title (Enago Academy, 2019):

 Predicts the content of the research paper
 Is interesting to the reader
 Reflects the tone of the writing
 Contains important keywords that will make it easier to be located during a
keyword search
 Avoids unnecessary words and jargons
 Is between 5 and 15 words in length
 Conforms to the standards and requirements
 RESEARCH TITLE
Sample Research Title:
SP4.0: A Mathematics
Education 4.0–Based Teaching
and Learning Materials for
Statistics and Probability
 Is clear and specific
 Is summarizing the main idea of the paper
 Is concise statement of the main topic
 Is including the major variables of the study
 Is self-explanatory
 Is describing/implying the participants in the study
 Is predicting the content of the research paper
 Is interesting to the reader
 Is reflecting the tone of the writing
 Is containing important keywords that will make it
easier to be located during a keyword search
 Is avoiding unnecessary words and jargons
 Is between 5 and 15 words in length
 Is conforming to the standards and requirements
 RESEARCH TITLE

 Is clear and specific

 Is summarizing the main idea of the paper
Sample Research Title:  Is concise statement of the main topic
 Is including the major variables of the study
 Is self-explanatory
Job Satisfaction and Turnover  Is describing/implying the participants in the study
Intention Among Bank  Is predicting the content of the research paper
Employees  Is interesting to the reader
 Is reflecting the tone of the writing
 Is containing important keywords that will make it
easier to be located during a keyword search
 Is avoiding unnecessary words and jargons
 Is between 5 and 15 words in length
 Is conforming to the standards and requirements
RESEARCH TITLE

 Here are some examples of research titles :

 Calculus Universe: A Gamified Teaching and Learning for Basic

Calculus (Bagnate, 2020)

 SP4.0: A Mathematics Education 4.0–Based Teaching and Learning

Materials for Statistics and Probability (Bagnate, 2020)

 Statistical and Quantitative Literacy Program for SHS Teachers

(Bagnate, 2020)

 Visual-integrated Teaching and Learning (VITAL) Math Materials for

Mathematics in the Modern World (MMW) (Bagnate, 2019)
RESEARCH TITLE

 Here are some examples of research titles :

 Attention Sustaining Activity Materials (ASAM) for Teaching General

Mathematics (Bagnate, 2019)

 Development and Validation of Quantitative and Statistical (QSL)

Enhancement Program (Bagnate, 2019)

 Numeracy Skills and Academic Performance of Grade 8 Students

(Bagnate et al., 2015)

 Conceptual Understanding Emphasis in Improving the Academic

Performance of BSEd Mathematics Students (Bagnate & Caparros,
2013)
RESEARCH TITLE

 Here are some examples of research titles :

 Inventory Control System for Gumaca District Hospital Pharmacy in

Gumaca, Quezon (Saavedra, 2020)

 Unannounced Assessment Strategy Preference and Academic

Performance of Grade 10 Students (Crisolo et al., 2020)

 Investment Risks Affecting Strategies in Cryptocurrency Investments

(Bacsa et al., 2019)
RESEARCH TITLE

 Here are some examples of research titles :

 Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention Among Bank Employees

(Tan, 2019)

 Conflict Management Practices of Marinduque Managers (Dela Cruz,

2019)

 Client’s Consideration in Choosing Hotels to Stay: Input To Enhance

Customer Loyalty (Aguilar, 2019)

 Cultural Diversity Management Challenges (Fisico et al., 2019)

RESEARCH TITLE

 Here are some examples of research titles :

 Challenges of Micro Small Medium Enterprise in Cities in Quezon

Province: Inference to Strategic Management Plan (Hidalgo, 2018)

 Evaluation of Production Planning and Control System at P.E. Land

Surveying (Pardilla, 2019)

 The Value of Corporate Social Responsibility to Consumers (Roces,

2018)
RESEARCH TITLE

 Here are some examples of research titles :

 Awareness and Preparedness on ASEAN Integration of the Different

Sectors of Quezon Province: Its Perceived Implications (Recto, 2016)

 Students’ Declarative, Conceptual and Procedural Knowledge In Pre-

calculus: An Evidence-based Instructional Guide (Villanueva, 2019)

 Reciprocal Teaching Approach Versus Gamified Integrative Approach

in Selected Topics in Mathematics 7 (Villapeña, 2019)
RESEARCH TITLE

 Here are some examples of research titles :

 Determinants of Locality of Choice for Investment: The Case of

Healthcare Industry (Baldovino et al., 2017)

 Financial Literacy and Financial Management Practices of Employees

in a Private University (Aldovino et al, 2013)

 A Data Mining Approach on MSEUF Student Records: A Foundation

for the Development of an Analytics-based Student Classification
System (Belleza et al., 2017)
RESEARCH TITLE

 Here are some examples of research titles :

 Assessment of Bookkeeping Systems of Selected Mobile Phone Retail
Stores (Tecson et al., 2018)
 Awareness of Grade 12 ABM Students on Tax Reform for Acceleration
and Inclusion (TRAIN) Law (Amandy et al., 2018)
 Perceptions Toward Mobile Banking of Grade 12 students of
Accountancy, Business and Management (Abadilla et al., 2018)
 Pricing Strategies of Selected Restaurant in Lucena City (Bordonado et
al., 2018)
 Perception towards Insurance among Grade 12 ABM students (Alarva
et al., 2018)
RESEARCH TITLE

 Here are some examples of research titles :

 Consumer Basic Rights Awareness Among Senior High School
Students (Moises et al, 2018)
 Productivity Level Among the Employees of Micro, Small, Medium
Enterprises in Lucena City (Abang et al, 2018)
 Fundamentals of ABM II and Business Finance Mastery among ABM
Students (Labitigan et al, 2018)
 Management Style among the Selected Cafeteria in Lucena City
(Calabano et al, 2018)
 Investment Awareness Among Grade 11 Senior High School Students
(Baasis et al, 2018)
RESEARCH TITLE

 Here are some examples of research titles :

 Business Management Practices Among Millennial Entrepreneurs in
Lucena City (Atienza et al, 2019)
 Hiring and Recruiting Practices of Medium Scale Businesses in
Lucena City (Atajar et al, 2019)
 Personal Financial Management of Generation Z: A Basis for Personal
Finance Guide (Baldovino et al, 2019)
 Buying Behavior Among SHS Students in Lucena City (Cavanes et al,
2019)
 Korean Culture and Buying Preferences Among Filipino Teenagers
(Akiba et al, 2019)
RESEARCH TITLE

 Here are some examples of research titles :

 Production Planning of Gemini Bakery In Lucena City (Alan et al,
2019)
 Employees Reward System of Merchandising Business (Apolonio et al,
2019)
 Health and Safety Working Environment of ALX Hardware In
Pagbilao, Quezon (Argosino et al, 2019)
 Investment Awareness of Gen Z Students in Lucena City (Aurin et al,
2019)
 Subliminal Advertisement Perception of the Selected Food Stalls in
Lucena City (Arban et al, 2019)
RATIONALE OF THE
RESEARCH
Macaulay Buena Bagnate, LPT, CB, CARMA
Research Instructor
RATIONALE OF THE RESEARCH

 The rationale is an important part of the research as it established the cognitive

setting of the study. It lays the foundation of your reason for conducting the
study. The rationale of the research should include the following points
(Mercado, 2012):
 present/describe the existing situation;
 identify the problem or the gap between “what is” and “what should be”;
 state the potential impact of the project to the field; and
 justify the selection of the research problem.
RATIONALE OF THE RESEARCH

 For Intro part (Babista, 2015):

 Present the state of affairs in the area you are studying in a wider perspective.
 Explain the popularity of your topic you are interested in.
 Explicate the importance of doing a research on the field.
 Introduce the study and explain how the present study attempts to address specific
problems.
 Focus on the importance of your paper.
 Quote authorities if you can. Such will strengthen the introduction.
 Use present tense of the verb in formulating the introduction.
 Use past tense of the verb when you state your desire to conduct a study on the field
RATIONALE OF THE RESEARCH

 For Background part (Babista, 2015, p. 31):

 Present the state of affairs of the area under study in a limited or smaller scale.
 Situate the setting toward the problem to be studied.
 Introduce the need for the study.
 Use the present tense of the verb in creating the background.
 Employ the past tense of the verb when you state your resolution to conduct the study.
RATIONALE OF THE RESEARCH

 Guiding questions for this area are:

 Why is this an important area?
 What has been the historical development of the topic?
 Are there different points of view about the topic?
 Have there been significant investigations, studies, or reports concerning the topical area?
 What is the current status of the area of your interest?
 What are the major outstanding concerns in the general area?
RATIONALE OF THE RESEARCH

 Order of
Information
(Babista,
2015, p. 32)
RATIONALE OF THE RESEARCH

 Sample Rationale from the Research of Baldovino et al. (2017):

At the national level, the competition for capital and investment is fierce among local
governments. They offer attractive location-based incentives to lure job-generating
investments to their communities. This scenario is not distinct in the healthcare sector,
specifically in the hospital industry.
The Department of Health estimated that in 2012, Filipinos spend about 285 billion
pesos for healthcare services; with the residents of Lucena City spending 960 million
pesos or roughly 0.3% of the national expenditures for health. Lucena City, being
strategically located, has the potential to have a share of 1% from a mere 0.3% of this
expenditure figures which will translate to 2.85 billion peso addition to Lucena City’s
economy. From this ambitious yet attainable idea, this study was conceptualized to
transform Lucena City the destination of choice for healthcare investment.
RATIONALE OF THE RESEARCH

 Sample Rationale from the Research of Baldovino et al. (2017):

Lucena City is considered a highly urbanized city with a total population of 246,392
(Census of 2010). There are 5 major players in the healthcare industry in Lucena namely
MMG Hospital, Lucena United Doctors Hospital, Mount Carmel Diocesan General
Hospital, Saint Anne General Hospital and the Quezon Medical Center.
In spite of the availability of tertiary care in the city, many are still referred to Manila
hospitals for further medical and/or surgical care. There are patients who are referred for
diagnostics reasons alone.
RATIONALE OF THE RESEARCH

 Sample Rationale from the Research of Baldovino et al. (2017):

Such phenomena results in income loss for affected business establishments. These
business establishments offer employment opportunities for the community, which
contribute greatly to the city’s economic activity. Furthermore, this phenomenon is an
opportunity for healthcare investors to fill-up the gaps.
The case of Lucena City as one of the centers for healthcare and wellness services in the
region is promising given the macro-infrastructure of ample availability of healthcare
and wellness providers, e.g. physicians, nurses and caregivers.
This study evaluated the current status of the healthcare industry in Lucena City and
defined a model as guide in transforming the city into an investment-friendly locality for
healthcare industry.
PURPOSE OF THE
RESEARCH
Macaulay Buena Bagnate, LPT, CB, CARMA
Research Instructor
PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH

 In this part, you state the purpose of your research including the research
questions.
 This part serves as the statement of the problem. The main problem is stated in
declarative form and should reflect the title and integrate the main objective of
the study.
 There may be specific objectives that are written in question form. It may be
about the specific variables employed in the study, the relationship of variables
or the outcomes of the study.
PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH

 Variables are something that you are trying to measure. These can be properties
or characteristics of people or things that vary in quality or magnitude from
person to person or object to object (e.g. demographic profile, traits, styles,
competencies, constructs, or concepts).
 Purpose or Objectives of the Research should be SMART:
 Specific
 Measurable
 Attainable
 Reasonable
 Time-bounded
PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH

 Guiding questions are:

 Is the question directly related to the review of the literature?
 Does the question help clarify the problem statement?
 Does the question project a bias?
 Is it possible to misinterpret the question?
 Is the objective specific and clearly stated?
 Is the objective directly related to the review of the literature?
 Is each hypothesis clearly stated?
 Are the hypotheses testable?
PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH
RESEARCH TITLE: STRATEGIC PLAN FOR CLIENTS LOYALTY OF XYZ HOTEL, INC.
IN LUCENA CITY (Bagnate, 2019)
PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH
This study will aim to propose a strategic plan to improve the satisfaction of XYZ Hotel, Inc.
clients in Lucena City.
Specifically, this will seek to achieve the following objectives:
1. Describe the background characteristics of the participants as to:
a. Age
b. Sex
c. Civil Status
d. Educational attainment
e. Position
f. Monthly Income
PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH
2. Evaluate the customer service satisfaction among the hotel clients;
3. Examine the following factors affecting the clients’ satisfaction in terms of:
a. Technology
b. Value of money
c. Location
d. Customer Relations
e. Hotel Image
f. Other hotel facilities

4. Establish the significant difference of clients’ satisfactions when they are grouped across their
background characteristics.
5. Propose a strategic plan to improve the satisfaction among the clients of XYZ Hotel, Inc.
PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH
RESEARCH TITLE: DETERMINANTS OF LOCALITY OF CHOICE FOR INVESTMENT:
THE CASE OF HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY (Baldovino et al., 2017)
PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH
The main objective of this research is to assess the healthcare industry in Lucena City and define
a model or framework in making the city an investment-locality of choice for healthcare.
Specifically, this research sought to achieve the following intents:
1. To make an inventory of the different healthcare services available in Lucena City
2. To identify the different illnesses/diseases referred to healthcare facilities outside of Lucena
City

3. To determine the different diagnostics services referred outside of Lucena City

4. Catalogue the different investment policies/ordinances framed by Lucena City Council
specific to healthcare industry
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
RESEARCH
Macaulay Buena Bagnate, LPT, CB, CARMA
Research Instructor
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH

 Basically, this part of your research study provides the details on how, what,
and to whom the study will have contribution. The significance of the study
may include:
 the probable impact to education, institution, and usefulness in policy making;
 the contribution to knowledge or state of art or in the advancement of knowledge; and
 the intrinsic and extrinsic benefits of the study.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH

 In writing this section, follow the following (Babista, 2015, pp. 36-37):
Indicate the generalizability of the research findings.
Point to the way in which the research would contribute to theory or
knowledge of general or specific phenomenon.
Describe the value of specific application of knowledge to be gained and
the potential importance of these applications.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH

 In writing this section, follow the following (Babista, 2015, pp. 36-37):
Name the most important clientele down to the ones who would be least
benefited.
Set the verbs in the present tense form, though the future tense can be
employed in some instances.
Set the section in paragraph form.
Many would view your research with skepticism, so you need to be very
convincing in the significance of your study.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH
RESEARCH TITLE: CONFLICT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF MARINDUQUE
MANAGERS (Dela Cruz, 2019)
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH
Result of this study may be of help to all public and private establishments for the purpose
of immediately and tactically resolving conflicts between managers and employees. In particular,
this may be beneficial to the following:
For the managers, the way they comply to mandates of their superior may help them
strengthen their management practices in implementing and executing the orders, as well as
handling conflicts within the organization. They may be provided with the best practices in the
encouraging involvement and support along the implementation that may be helpful in easily
resolving their conflicts. They will be able to predict the possible conflict that may arise in their
daily operations. By these means, they could plan and find solutions for these problems. Creative
managers may innovate to some practices which are applicable in their own set-up. Nevertheless,
the opportunity for them to share their practices and strategies used to overcome difficulties in
resolving management conflicts.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH
RESEARCH TITLE: CONFLICT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF MARINDUQUE
MANAGERS (Dela Cruz, 2019)
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH
For the employees, the conflict management practices are meant to provide them a good
and harmonious relationship with their managers. They stand as the main beneficiary of the
practices, as they are the one dealing with the manager in their everyday operation. This study
would help them be aware about the workplace conflicts and to determine the practices they could
perform to address the issues and problems.
For the individuals in the field of Human Resource Management, hopefully the practices in
resolving the conflicts may be a good resource material to guide various sectors engaged in
management. The conflict management practices may be the subject matter of case analysis by
managers and those who are in the field of management. For them to be aware about the conflicts
in an organization and also the common conflict management practices in most companies and
institutions.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH
RESEARCH TITLE: CONFLICT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF MARINDUQUE
MANAGERS (Dela Cruz, 2019)
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH
For future researchers, this may serve as reference as they conduct similar study or
research treated herein. The recommendation in this study may serve as the springboard for future
researcher to strengthen the best practices in resolving management conflicts. Findings of this
study may also serve as an additional literature to the same field being investigated.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Macaulay Buena Bagnate, LPT, CB, CARMA
Research Instructor
DEFINITION OF TERMS

 In writing your paper, you have to clearly define the key terms and concepts used in
the study. List and define unusual terms to avoid misinterpretations particularly when
similar words convey different meanings.
 This section presents terms that are relevant to the study. Before launching an
investigation and when writing up a research proposal or report, one must define
rigorously the meaning of the terms used in the study.
 Moreover, one must prioritize those related to the problem and hypothesis. The
researcher’s objective must be to write clear, precise definition that will call up the
same core of meaning to all competent researchers in the field.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

 Kerlinger (1973) provides some techniques in defining terminologies:

Definition by Genus and Differentia: This is done by identifying the boundaries and
stating the essence of a thing through identification its genus, the larger class of things
in which the referent is included, and then by indicating how it differs from other
subclasses of the same genus.
Example:
Educational Attainment refers to one of the background characteristics of the
teachers that may be classified as: (1) Associate/Diploma/National Competency (NC)
Passer, (2) Bachelor’s Degree Holder, (2) Master’s Degree Holder, (3) Doctor’s Degree
Holder.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Definition by Example: This definition provides concrete examples to

which a term can be correctly applied.
Example:
Quantitative Literacy is one of the “essential ingredients for effective
communication and participation in adult life” (McMillan & Rothman, 2003,
p.10).
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Definition by Stipulation: This manner of definition ascertains how the terms

(concepts, constructs, properties, variables) are defined in similar research studies
or in specialized pedagogical, statistical and psychological dictionaries. These
definitions can be used as guides but nit borrowed blindly.
Example:
Levels of Performance in General Mathematics refer to the scale of scholastic
performance of the respondents in the subject General Mathematics. It will be
described using the grading scale with corresponding descriptions: 90-100:
Outstanding, 85-89: Very Satisfactory, 80-84: Satisfactory, 75-79: Fairly
Satisfactory, and Below 75: Did Not Meet Expectations (DepEd Order No. 8, s.
2015).
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Definition by Constitutive and Operational Analysis

Constitutive definition defines constructs or concepts by describing how they
are linked to other constructs in a set.
Example:
Quantitative Literacy is also known as numeracy. It refers to an individual’s
Mathematical literacy and ability to assimilate, comprehend and apply Math
concepts, understanding and skills to solve real-and-imaginary world problems;
it is also a capacity to understand the relevance and significance of Mathematics.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Definition by Constitutive and Operational Analysis

Operational definition links theoretical constructs with observable indicants
of them. They ascribe meaning to constructs by specifying the operations
necessary to achieve certain objectives.
Example:
Quantitative Literacy, as used in this study, refers to the competency that can
affect the statistical literacy of the respondents.
Sex is the biological orientation of human and as being used in this study, it
pertains to the background characteristics of the respondents which can be
classified as male or female.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

RESEARCH TITLE: VISUAL-INTEGRATED TEACHING AND LEARNING (VITAL) MATH

MATERIALS FOR MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD (MMW) (Bagnate, 2019)
DEFINITION OF TERMS

For the better understanding of the study, the following terms were defined conceptually
and operationally.
Levels of Mathematics in the Modern World (MMW) performance refer to the scale of
scholastic performance of the respondents in the course MMW. In this study, it will range from
97%-100%: Excellent; 93%-96%: Superior; 89%-92%: Very Good; 85%-88%: Good; 80%-84%:
Satisfactory; 75%-79%: Fair; 70%-74%: Pass and; Below 70%: Fail.
Mathematics refers to a branch of knowledge that is being used, as a language, to simplify
and interpret discoveries of Science. Specifically, it refers to a “study of numbers, form,
arrangement, and associated relationships, using rigorously literal, numerical, and operational
symbols” (The Reader’s Digest Association Far East Limited, 1987, p. 951). Also, it pertains to
the discipline in which the proposed VITAL math material may be of significant help.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

RESEARCH TITLE: BUSINESS MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG MILLENNIAL

ENTREPRENEURS IN LUCENA CITY (Atienza et al, 2019)
DEFINITION OF TERMS

For the better understanding of the study, the following terms were defined
conceptually and operationally.
Age refers to the biological orientation of a person. In this study, it refers to the
background characteristics of the participants which can be classified as male or female.
Business Management Practices refers to the working methods and innovations
that managers use to improve the effectiveness of work systems. In this study, it is in
terms of (1) Sales, (2) Marketing, (3) Operations, (4) Human Resource, and (5)
Finance/Accounting.
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
Macaulay Buena Bagnate, LPT, CB, CARMA
Research Instructor
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

 Limitation are the influences, shortcomings, or conditions cannot be control

by the researcher that place restriction on the methodology and conclusions.
In stating the limitation of your study, you must consider your analysis, nature
of self-reporting, the instruments you utilized, sample, and time constraints.
 Delimitation are the choices made by the researcher which should be
mentioned. You must explain the things that you are not doing and why you
have chosen not to do them; the literature you will not review and why; the
population you are not studying and why; and the methodological procedures
you will not use and the reason why you opt not to use it.
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

 This section provides the scale of coverage of the study. Likewise, this also
mentions the boundaries of the research.
 This section discusses the weaknesses of the study in terms of methodology
and generalizability of the results to be achieved from the study. Most student
research are limited by the size of sample, the locale of the study, and other
factors. These items must be pointed out so that the results can be interpreted
accordingly.
 Limitations are factors that limit or restrain the researcher in the conduct of the
research. Such limitations are beyond the researcher’s control. Stating the
limitations and/or delimitations of the research strengthens the outcome,
findings and results of the investigation.
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

RESEARCH TITLE: ATTENTION SUSTAINING ACTIVITY MATERIALS

(ASAM) FOR TEACHING GENERAL MATHEMATICS (Bagnate, 2019)
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
This study will focus only on the development and validation of an
Attention Sustaining Activity Materials (ASAM) guide in teaching General
Mathematics for the students of the selected Senior High School in
Lucena City for SY 2018-2019. Moreover, it will utilize only a
questionnaire of the respondents as well as their average grades in
General Mathematics.
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

RESEARCH TITLE: JOB SATISFACTION AND TURNOVER

INTENTION AMONG BANK EMPLOYEES (Tan, 2019)
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
The study is conducted in a particular commercial bank in Lucena
City which consists of 7 branches in total. Respondents are only limited to
70 staff-level employees. The data is collected from bank employees of a
particular commercial bank in a bounded geographic area and may not
describe the opinions and experiences of bank employees in different
banks and in different geographic locations.
STATEMENT OF DESIRED
OUTCOMES
Macaulay Buena Bagnate, LPT, CB, CARMA
Research Instructor
STATEMENT OF DESIRED OUTCOMES

 Outcomes are specific, measurable statements that let you know when you
have reached your goals. Statement of desired outcome describe specific
changes in your knowledge, attitudes, skills, and behaviors you expect to
occur as a result of the study.
 A desired outcome statement includes a direction of improvement, a
performance metric (usually time or likelihood), an object of control (the
outcome), and a contextual clarifier (describing the context in which the
outcome is desired). (Ulwick, 2017)
STATEMENT OF DESIRED OUTCOMES

 “Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives (published in 1956 and revised

in 2001) gives you a way to express learning outcomes in a way that reflects
cognitive skills.”
 There are 5 levels (lowest to highest cognitive skills):
1. Knowledge/remembering
2. Comprehension/understanding
3. Application/applying
4. Analysis/analyzing
5. Evaluation/evaluating
6. Synthesis/creating
STATEMENT OF DESIRED OUTCOMES

 You can use Bloom's taxonomy to identify verbs to use. Examples of outcomes
might include:
 Knowledge/Remembering: define, list, recognize;
 Comprehension/Understanding: characterize, describe, explain, identify,
locate, recognize, sort;
 Application/Applying: choose, demonstrate, implement, perform;
 Analysis/Analyzing: analyze, categorize, compare, differentiate;
 Evaluation/Evaluating: assess, critique, evaluate, rank, rate;
 Synthesis/Creating: construct, design, formulate, organize, synthesize.
STATEMENT OF DESIRED OUTCOMES

RESEARCH TITLE: JOB SATISFACTION AND TURNOVER INTENTION AMONG

BANK EMPLOYEES (Tan, 2019)
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

After conducting the study, the researcher is aiming to achieve the following
results:

1. increased level of employee’s job satisfaction;

2. improved productivity and effectiveness;
3. reduced employee’s turnover rate; and
4. enhanced employee retention.
STATEMENT OF DESIRED OUTCOMES

RESEARCH TITLE: CONFLICT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF MARINDUQUE

MANAGERS (Dela Cruz, 2019)
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
Specifically, the study aimed to achieve the following desired outcomes:

1. to describe the factors that Santa Cruz, Marinduque managers can improve in their
conflict resolution approach in order to increase the productivity of the organization.

2. to be fully aware about the demographic profile of the managers working in Marinduque;

3. to address and solve the conflicts that managers face in their daily business operation;

4. to enhance the conflict handling styles of Marinduque managers;

5. to provide suggestive measures for the improvement of the conflict management

practices of Marinduque managers.
REFERENCES

Babista, J. (2014). Writing Up Research. Southern Luzon State University.

Calderon, J., & Gonzales, E. (2011). Methods of Research and Thesis Writing. National Books
Store, Inc.

Enago Academy (2019). 4 Important Tips on Writing a Research Paper Title.

https://www.enago.com/academy/write-irresistible-research-paper-title/

Erasmusnet (2020). 7 Examples of Learning Outcomes & How to Write Them!.

https://www.erasmusnet.org/single-post/2018/01/22/7-EXAMPLES-OF-LEARNING-OUTCOMES-
HOW-TO-WRITE-THEM
In this lesson, you learned how to:

 Propose a good research title

 Develop a Rationale of the Research
 Formulate a SMART Purpose of the
Research
 Determine the Significance of the
Research
 List accurately the Definitions of Terms
to be used in the Research
 Specify the Scope and Limitations of
the Research
 Make a Statement of Desired
Outcomes
PHASE 3: PROCESSING

 To use the knowledge, facts and

concepts you learned from Phase
2-3, perform:
Round 1 – Phase 3: TASK 2
(Code: R1-P3-T2 - INVD TASK)
in Google Classroom
PHASE 4: UNDERSTANDING/APPLYING

 To help you think deeper,

analyze, and apply what you
have learned from Phase 2-3,
perform:
Round 1 – Phase 4: TASK 3
(Code: R1-P4-T3 - TEAM TASK)
in Google Classroom
PHASE 5: POST TEST

 To assess the knowledge and

skills you learned from Phase 2-
4, answer the:
Round 1 – Phase 5: POST-TEST
(Code: R1-P5-PT)
in Google Classroom
ANY QUESTIONS?
Macaulay Buena Bagnate, LPT, CB, CARMA
Research Instructor
THANK YOU!
Macaulay Buena Bagnate, LPT, CB, CARMA
Research Instructor