五大句型總整理

完全不及物動詞 S + Vi

不及物動詞(Intransitive Verb) ：本動詞後無受詞，或非受詞者，即為不

及物動詞，分為完全不及物和不完全不及物兩種。
 
完全不及物 S + Vi 型 (一般動詞後既無受詞也不須補語)
 
【觀念確認】動詞後既非受詞也不須補語，則稱為完全不及物。
 
(1) 動詞後無須受詞者
 
Birds can fly.------------------------------------------------------------鳥能飛行
The dog is running and playing.----------------------------------狗兒邊玩邊跑
The little girl is crying.---------------------------------------------小女孩在哭泣
Mr. Smith has gone. ---------------------------------------Smith 先生已經走了
 
(2) 動詞後須受介詞以構成動詞片語者
 
I can get up early by myself without the alarm clock.-沒鬧鐘我也能早起
Come along with me.-------------------------------------------------------跟我來
Do you catch off?----------------------------------------------------你有睡著嗎?
The plane has now taken off.----------------------------------飛機已經飛走了
 
(3) 動詞後若是介詞時，即視之為不及物動詞，(介詞+受詞)為副詞片
語，用以修飾不及物動詞；另一方面，亦有學者視(動詞+介詞)為
及物動詞片語。
 
He comes (from America).------------------------------------------他是美國人
I used to live (in America).-----------------------------------我以前住在美國
Chinese live (on rice).-----------------------------------中國人以米飯為主食
He is looking (at the picture).------------------------------------他正看著幅畫
I am looking (for a book).---------------------------------------我在找一本書
Mary has to look (after her little brother). -----------Mary 必須照顧她弟弟
 

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(4) 具有副詞意味的介詞，其受詞若為名詞，可置於動詞後或介詞後，
受詞若為代名詞，只可置於動詞後，不可置介詞後。
 
Turn on the light.(正)   I called on my uncle in Australia.(正)
Turn the light on.(正)   I called my uncle on in Australia.(誤)
Turn on it.(誤)   I called on him in Australia.(正)
Turn it on.(正)  I called him on in Australia.(誤)

不完全不及物(連綴動詞) S + Vi + SC

不完全不及物 S + Vi + SC 型 (不須要受詞，須要主詞補語的連綴動詞)
 
【觀念確認】不完全不及物動詞後，為主詞補語而非受詞，補語可為

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 名詞或形容詞。
 
(1)連綴動詞(Linking Verb)
Be (am, are, is …) , make , seem , stand , become , keep , fall , get , go , come ,
prove …….etc.
 
【觀念確認】凡連綴動詞後加上現在分詞(V-ing)，皆有進行之意義，凡
連綴動詞後加上過去分詞(PP)，皆有被動之意義。
I am a student.------------------------------------------------------------我是學生
What you said is unbelievable.------------------------你說的話令人難以置信
He finally becomes a doctor.---------------------------------他總算成為一名醫師
Your father seems (to be) very happy.------------------------------令尊似乎很快樂
The sweater really keeps warm.----------------------------------------這毛衣真保暖
Your words make sense.----------------------------------------------------君言之成理
Keep awake. Don‘t fall asleep.---------------------------------保持清醒，不能睡
The weather is getting warmer and warmer.--------------------天氣愈來愈暖和了
She has made her dream come true.----------------------------她實現了她的夢想
I will go crazy if I keep talking with him.-------------再和他盧下去，我會發瘋
 
(2) 感官動詞(Verb of sense perception) (主詞補語必為形容詞的連綴動詞)
  feel , look , sound , smell , taste , …….etc.
 
【觀念確認】感官動詞亦屬於連綴動詞，其後主詞補語，其意為「…
起來」時，僅用形容詞做為補語，而不用名詞。
 
I feel much better after taking medicine.-------------------吃藥後，我覺得好很
多
You look great with the hat.------------------------------------ 你戴那頂帽子真好
看
It sounds not bad to go to a movie.------------------看場電影這點子聽起來不
賴
The flowers in the garden smell fragrant.--------------花園裡的花兒聞起來真
香
Stink Tofu smells awful but tastes delicious.----------------------臭豆腐難聞好吃
 深入探討其意為「…起來像…」時，須加介詞 like 後再加名詞或動名詞。
It looks like rain.----------------------------------------------------看起來像是會下雨
She feels like crying.--------------------------------------------------------她悲從中來
 

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(3) 使役動詞(Causative Verb)
let , make , have , bid , (help)
 
【觀念確認】使役動詞屬於連綴動詞，其後補語若是主動，必用原形
動詞，若使役動詞本身為被動式，則補語一律用不定詞
(to + V)。
 
Don’t let go.-------------------------------------------------------------------別放手
Don’t make believe that you are innocent. -------------------------別裝無辜了
 I was bidden to do it.----------------------------------------------我乃受人之託