Report Kandiyur, Tiruvaiyaru

REPORT
ON
SOIL INVESTIGATION FOR CONSTRUCTION

OF
RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT BUILDING
AT
KANDIYUR, THANJAVUR DISTRICT
Client
Mr. Sheik Allavudeen,

Kandiyur,
Tiruvaiyaru Taluk,
Thanjavur District.
By
Time
TIME INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS TESTING

14/16 NEW RAJA COLONY,
BEEMA NAGAR,
CONTONMENT,
TIRUCHIRAPPALLI – 620 001.
Ph: 0431 2401326
DECEMBER 2021
SUMMARY
Project : Construction of Residential Apartment Building at Kandiyur, Thanjavur District

Project Reference : Time /44/ Soil Test / December 2021
Owner : Mr. Sheik Allavudeen, Kandiyur, Tiruvaiyaru Tk, Thanjavur District.
Type of Structure : R.C.C. Framed construction
Location : Kandiyur, Thanjavur District
Scope : Geotechnical investigation for the entire area of construction
Test conducted : Two explanatory bore holes up to 10m & 6m depth were made and
conducted standard penetration tests at every 1.5m depth.
The undisturbed soil samples were collected at every 1.5m depth for
laboratory test.
FINDINGS
Soil at shallow depth : Fine sand with soft clay mixed exists up to 3.8m depth
Hard stratum : No trace of rock exists up to 10m depth.
Ground water table : Ground water table exists at 1.5m depth from ground level during investigation.
FOUNDATION : Based on the existing soil condition, it is recommended to provide

Pile foundation.
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ON SOIL TEST
1.1 – Introduction - 1
1.2 – Investigation Programme, Procedure and Data - 2
1.3 – Review of Field and Laboratory Results - 3
1.4 – Conclusions & Recommendation - 4
2. SOIL PROFILES
2.1 – Plan of Bore Hole 1 & 2 - 5

2.2 – Bore log details for Bore Hole 1 & 2 - 6
2.4 – Summary of Engineering Geo Properties for Bore hole 1 & 2 - 8
2.5 – Summary of Laboratory test results for Bore Hole 1 & 2 - 11
2.6 – Shear Parameters for different layers of Bore Hole 1 & 2 - 12
3. SIEVE ANALYSIS REPORT
3.1 – Sieve Analysis report of sample from Borehole No 1 & 2 - 13
4. CALCULATION OF SAFE BEARING CAPACITY OF THE SOIL
4.1 – Safe bearing capacity calculation based on settlement and Shear - 16

4.2 – Safe Bearing capacity of soil based on SPT values - 21
4.3 – Safe Bearing capacity of soil based on Shear Failure Criteria
Through Unconfined Compression Test (UCC) - 22
Through Direct Shear test - 23
4.4 – Comparison of safe bearing capacity of soil
Through shear and settlement - 24
5. RESULT
5.1 – Recommended safe bearing capacity values at different depths - 25

5.2 – Recommended pile load capacity Values - 26
6. SOIL SAMPLE PHOTOS
7. SITE PHOTOS
ANNEXURE
SOIL INVESTIGATION
AMERICAN GLOBAL STANDARDS
Time Institute for Materials Testing
B.N. Krishnaswami, M.E., (Struct. Engg.), Ph.D., Soil & Structural Consultant, Construction Materials Testing Lab
Former Faculty, NIT, Trichy
December 24, 2021
To
Mr. Sheik Allavudeen,
Kandiyur,
Tiruvaiyaru Tk,
Thanjavur District.
REPORT ON SOIL INVESTIGATION

(Ref: TIME/44/ SOIL TEST/ DECEMBER 2021)
Sub: Soil Investigation for Construction of Residential Apartment Building at Kandiyur,

Thanjavur District - reg
Ref: Based on letter dated; 19.12.2021
1.1 Introduction:
It is proposed to construct a Residential Apartment Building at Kandiyur, Thanjavur

District. A detailed soil investigation was suggested for estimating the safe bearing
capacity of the soil, so that suitable type of foundation can be decided for the proposed
structure. Time Institute for Materials Testing (TIME) has been requested to undertake
the soil investigation at the proposed site. The study was carried out by TIME on
20.12.2021. This report presents complete investigation data and discusses the results
to recommend the bearing capacity values at different depths for the proposed
structure.
Section 2 describes the soil profile and bore log details of two exploratory bore holes.
Section 3 of this report gives the Grain size distribution curves and its analysis. Section
4 of this report presents the calculated safe Bearing capacity values of soil at various
depths. Section 5 of this report reviews the test results and the recommended safe
bearing capacity values and pile load carrying capacity values for design of foundation.
Section 6 of this report presents the Soil sample photos. Section 7 of this report
presents the Site photos.

# 14/16, 4th Cross, New Raja Colony, Beema Nagar, Trichy - 620 001. Tel : + 91 431 2401326, Fax : + 91 431 2401596
Mob : + 91 94433 27936. Email: tmaterialstesting@yahoo.co.in Web: www.timeinstitute.net
1
Report on soil investigation for construction of Residential Apartment Building
at Kandiyur, Thanjavur District
1.2 Investigation Programme, Procedure and Data:
Investigation was carried out in two locations at the site through exploratory bore holes. Soil
samples were collected from each bore hole at different depths for conducting laboratory test.
Standard Penetration test was conducted at regular intervals and ‘N’ values were recorded.
Undisturbed soil samples were collected and were preserved and transported to the
laboratory for detailed identification tests. Based on the field and laboratory tests on the
samples collected, the results are furnished in this report.
An exploratory bore hole was advanced from the existing ground level using truck mounted
rotary drilling techniques supplemented by Betonies mud circulation. This drilling procedure
with mud circulation is found most suitable for making exploratory bore hole. The mud
circulation was employed through the drill rods and letting it out though the side jets provided
in the cutting tool thus preventing any disturbance at the bore hole bottom. Mud circulation
was used to stabilize the sides and the bottom of the bore hole, and then to bring the soil cuts
to the surface. It is important to note that the mud jet is not used to cut the soils as in the case
of wash boring technique. Use of drilling mud will also help in preventing the disturbance to
the soil at the bore hole bottom during drilling operations. Diameter of the bore hole is about
150mm.
Bore hole was always kept full with the drilling mud so that a positive head is maintained in
the bore hole thus preventing any disturbance to the soil within the test zone.
The field tests included Standard penetration test, Disturbed and undisturbed soil sampling,
identification of different soil layers, Ground water table observation, complete logging of the
bore hole, etc.
Laboratory investigation consisted of classification tests like grain size distribution analysis,
determination of specific gravity etc. Unconfined Compression test and Direct shear was
conducted on preserved soil samples. All the field and laboratory tests were conducted
according to the procedures stipulated in relevant IS codes.
Time Institute for Materials Testing, Trichy 2

1.3 Review of Field and Laboratory Results:
Sub soil Profile

The original ground level in the presently investigated area was plain terrain.
Bore Hole 1:
The soil below the existing ground level is filled up soil. This layer is extended up to 1.5m
depth. Fine sand with soft clay mixed exists from 1.5m to 3.8m depth. Fine sand exists from
3.8m to 4.5m depth. Clay exists from 4.5m to 5.4m depth. Fine sand exists from 5.4m to 6.2m
depth. Below which silty clay exist from 6.2m to 10m depth from the existing ground level. The
soil stratification and its variation under present investigation are available in bore log details.
The ‘N’ value is progressively increasing towards depth, due to the soil stratification.
Bore Hole 2:
The soil below the existing ground level is filled up soil. This layer is extended up to 1.2m
depth. Fine sand with soft clay mixed exists from 1.2m to 4.3m depth. Below which fine sand
exist from 4.3m to 6m depth from the existing ground level. The soil stratification and its
variation under present investigation are available in bore log details. The ‘N’ value is
progressively increasing towards depth, due to the soil stratification.
Ground Water Table
Ground water table exists at 1.5m depth from ground level during investigation.
Shear Strength
Standard Penetration test blow counts ‘N’ is measured at different levels in the bore hole.
Mainly these ‘N’ values are used to assess the shear strength of different soil layers.
Cohesive layers: The classification of ‘N’ values in moderate to high plasticity medium clay
deposits developed by Terzaghi is used for estimating the unconfined compression strength
and untrained shear strength of clay and sandy clay layers. The consistency between the N
values and the liquidity index values is reviewed while assigning undrained shear strength for
soft to medium clay layers.

Non - Cohesive Layers: The sand layers towards depth are of residual type and suitable
modifications are made to take care of the presence of plastic fines in the residual soil.
Conventional method of estimating the angle of shearing resistance φ corresponding to the
relative density and the grain size distribution as per the classification suggested by Peck and
suitably modified by the R.K. Hough to account for the influence of grain size distribution is
adopted here.
1.4 Conclusions & Recommendations:
Shear strength parameters and compressibility parameters of different soil layers are
established from the field and laboratory tests.
Based on the existing soil condition, it is recommended to provide Pile foundation.
For Time Institute for Materials Testing
24th December 2021 Dr. B.N. Krishnaswami.

SITE LOCATION PLAN
N
THANJAVUR THIRUVAIYARU
HOUSE
HOUSE
SITE
BH 1
HOUSE
BH 2 LEGEND:
BORE LOG LOCATION
AYYAMPETTAI
SITE LOCATION
HOUSE
NOTE:
SITE LEVEL IS EQUAL TO THE ROAD LEVEL
HOUSE
SITE PLAN
CLIENT Mr. Shek Allavudeen, Kandiyur, Tiruvaiyaru Taluk, Thanjavur.
TIME Institute for Materials Testing

4th Cross,
SOIL
14/16. New Raja Colony,
CONSULTANT
Beemanagar, Trichy - 620001.
PHONE : 0431 - 2401326(OFF)
TITLE
DATE OF
20.12.2021 PLAN OF BORE HOLE AND SITE DETAILS AT
SURVEY KANDIYUR, THANJAVUR DISTRICT
Page No: 5 SCALE NTS

DRG.NO
DRAWING - 01
REV.
0
BORE LOG DETAILS
2.2 BORE LOG DETAILS FOR BORE HOLE 1
Project : Report on soil investigation for construction of Residential Apartment Building

Started on : 20.12.2021 Ended on : 20.12.2021
Depth of G.W.T : 1.5m
Type of Boring : Calyx drilling
Site Level : Equal to the road level
Lithology of Bore Hole Graphical

representation
SPT Data of penetration
Resistance N
Depth below G.L.
Profile Soil Description Corrected
(m)
Depth N N
of SPT 0-15cm 15-30cm 30-45cm Obsere Correct 0 20 40 60
(m) d ed
0 - 1.5m Filled up soil 1.0 1 1 2 3 2
2.0 1 2 2 4 3
Fine sand with
1.5m - 3.8m
soft clay mixed
3.0 2 3 4 7 5
3.8m - 4.5m Fine Sand 4.0 3 6 8 14 10
4.5m - 5.4m Clay 5.0 5 7 7 14 10
5.4m - 6.2m Fine Sand 6.0 6 6 10 16 12
8.0 6 7 8 15 11
6.2m - 10m Silty clay
10.0 5 7 8 15 11
Bore terminated at 10m depth from the existing ground level

2.3 BORE LOG DETAILS FOR BORE HOLE 2
Project : Report on soil investigation for construction of Residential Apartment Building

Started on : 20.12.2021 Ended on : 20.12.2021
Depth of G.W.T : 1.5m
Type of Boring : Calyx drilling
Site Level : Equal to the road level
Lithology of Bore Hole Graphical

representation
SPT Data of penetration
Resistance N
Depth below G.L.
Profile Soil Description Corrected
(m)
Depth N N
of SPT 0-15cm 15-30cm 30-45cm Obsere Correct 0 20 40 60
(m) d ed
0 - 1.2m Filled up soil 1.0 1 2 2 4 3
2.0 3 4 6 10 7
Fine sand with

1.2m - 4.3m 3.0 2 3 3 6 4
soft clay mixed
4.0 3 3 8 11 8
5.0 5 6 7 13 9
4.3m - 6m Fine Sand
6.0 6 6 7 13 9
Bore terminated at 6m depth from the existing ground level

2.4 Summary of Engineering Geo Properties
Natural Moisture Content:
The natural water content also called the natural moisture content is the ratio of the weight of water to
the weight of the solids in a given mass of soil. This ratio is usually expressed as percentage.
W = [(W2-W3)/(W3-W1)] x 100
Where,
W1 = Weight of container gm
W2 = Weight of container +wet soil gm
W3 = Weight of container +dry soil
Bulk Density:
The total, or wet, density of soil, t, is the ratio of the total mass of soil to its total volume and can be
defined as follows:
ϒbulk= M / V
Where
Mt = Total Mass of soil
Vt = Total Volume
Dry Density:
The soil dry density, b, is the ratio of the mass of the solid phase of the soil (i.e., dried soil) to its total
volume (solid and pore volumes together) and is defined as follows:
ϒdry= Mb / Vb
Where
Mb = Total Mass of dried soil

Vb = Total Volume

Specific gravity:
Specific gravity is the ratio of the weight of a given volumeof a material at a standard temperature to
the weight of an equal volume of distilled water at the same stated temperature.
The specific gravity G of the soil = (W2 – W1) / [(W4– W1)-(W3-W2)]

Where
W1 = Weight of density bottle

W2 = Weight of density bottle + dry soil
W3 = Weight of bottle + dry soil + water at temperature
W4 = Weight of density bottle + Water
Void Ratio:
Soil void ratio (e) is the ratio of the volume of voids to the volume of solids:
e = (Vv) / (Vs)
Where
Vv is the volume of the voids (empty or filled with fluid),
Vs is the volume of solids.
Porosity:
Soil porosity (ƞ) , which is defined as the ratio of the volume of voids to the total volume of the soil.
The porosity and the void ratio are inter-related as follows:
ƞ= (1 – (ᵞd/Gs))*100
e = ƞ/(1-ƞ) &ƞ = e / (1+e)
Where
ᵞd = Dry Density
Gs = Specific gravity

Summary of Engineering Geo Properties for Bore Hole 1 & 2
Natural Moisture Bulk Density Dry Density Specific Void

Bore hole No. Depth (m) Soil Description Porosity (%)
Content (%) (gm/cc) (gm/cc) gravity Ratio
2.0 18.29 1.86 1.57 2.61 40 0.66

Fine sand with soft clay
mixed
3.0 18.12 1.87 1.58 2.61 39 0.65
4.0 Fine sand 17.86 1.89 1.60 2.62 39 0.63
Bore Hole 1 5.0 Clay 20.43 1.82 1.51 2.61 42 0.73
6.0 Fine sand 17.69 1.88 1.60 2.62 39 0.64
8.0 19.90 1.84 1.53 2.61 41 0.70

Silty clay
10.0 19.82 1.85 1.54 2.61 41 0.69
2.0 18.54 1.85 1.56 2.61 40 0.67

3.0 18.40 1.86 1.57 2.61 40 0.66
mixed
Bore Hole 2 4.0 18.16 1.86 1.57 2.61 40 0.66
5.0 17.80 1.88 1.60 2.62 39 0.64

Fine sand
6.0 17.65 1.89 1.61 2.62 39 0.63

2.5 Summary of Laboratory Test Results for Bore Hole 1
Atterberg limits
Coarse Medium Fine

Bore hole No. Depth (m) Soil Description Plastic Gravel (%) Silt (%) Clay (%)
Liquid Plasticity sand (%) Sand (%) sand (%)
Limit
Limit (%) Index (%)
(%)
2.0 34.8 23.1 11.7 0.0 0.0 9.7 50.2 3.6 36.5
mixed
3.0 34.2 22.6 11.6 0.0 2.5 12.0 47.3 3.9 34.3
4.0 Fine sand - - - 0.0 4.5 26.4 62.0 4.2 2.9
Bore Hole 1 5.0 Clay 33.1 24.0 9.1 0.0 3.7 13.4 30.3 4.6 48.0
6.0 Fine sand - - - 0.0 3.9 24.4 65.1 2.2 4.4
8.0 33.6 25.6 8.0 0.0 1.5 10.2 43.4 19.2 25.7
Silty clay
10.0 33.9 26.2 7.7 0.0 2.9 13.1 40.4 18.1 25.5
2.0 34.6 23.6 11.0 0.0 3.5 10.4 47.5 4.2 34.4
3.0 34.8 23.5 11.3 0.0 3.9 13.3 45.6 4.6 32.6
mixed
Bore Hole 2 4.0 34.9 23.2 11.7 0.0 4.5 15.4 43.6 5.1 31.4
5.0 - - - 0.0 4.6 24.3 62.9 3.6 4.6

Fine sand
6.0 - - - 0.0 6.5 25.4 60.5 4.1 3.5

2.6 Shear Strength Parameters for Different layers of Bore Hole 1 & 2
Shear
Depth below G.L. N Cohesion
Bore Hole No. Soil Description Strength 'Ø'
(m) corrected 'c' (t/m2)
(in degrees)
2.0 3 1.40 26.58

mixed
3.0 5 2.10 26.84
4.0 Fine sand 10 - 27.36
Bore Hole 1 5.0 Clay 10 4.19 -
6.0 Fine sand 12 - 27.62
8.0 11 4.88 27.36

Silty clay
10.0 11 5.16 27.36
2.0 7 3.49 26.84

3.0 4 2.10 26.31
mixed
Bore Hole 2 4.0 8 4.19 27.10
5.0 9 - 27.36
Fine sand
6.0 9 - 27.36

GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS
3.1 TEST REPORT ON SIEVE ANALYSIS OF SAMPLE

Bore Hole – 1 @ 2m to 5m
PERCENTAGE OF PASSING
SIEVE SIZE
2m Depth 3m Depth 4m Depth 5m Depth
10 mm 100 100 100 100

4.75 mm 100.0 100.0 100.0 100
2.36 mm 100 100 100 100
1.18 mm 100 97.5 95.5 96.3
600 micron 95.9 91.9 87.6 90.8
300 micron 90.3 85.5 69.1 82.9
150 micron 68.7 64.7 40.2 68.1
75 micron 40.1 38.2 7.1 52.6
Grain Size Distribution Curves

120
100
2m
Percentage of passing
80
3m
60
4m
40
20 5m
0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Sieve size (mm)
Description 2m Depth 3m Depth 4m Depth 5m Depth
Fineness modulus 1.050 1.222 2.005 1.093
Observation:
The inference from the graph shows that the fine sand with clay mixed exists up to 3m depth, fine sand
exist at 4m depth and clay exists at 5m depth.


SIEVE SIZE
6m Depth 8m Depth 10m Depth
10 mm 100 100 100

4.75 mm 100.0 100.0 100.0
2.36 mm 100 100 100
1.18 mm 96.1 98.5 97.1
600 micron 88.6 94.2 91.5
300 micron 71.7 88.3 84
150 micron 40.5 68.8 65.7
75 micron 6.6 44.9 43.6

120
100
80 6m
60 8m
40
10m
20
0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Sieve size (mm)
Description 6m Depth 8m Depth 10m Depth
Fineness modulus 1.965 1.053 1.181
Observation:
The inference from the graph shows that the fine sand exists at 6m depth and clay exists up to 10m
depth.


SIEVE SIZE
2m Depth 3m Depth 4m Depth 5m Depth 6m Depth
10 mm 100 100 100 100 100

4.75 mm 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 100
2.36 mm 100 100 100 100 100
1.18 mm 96.5 96.1 95.5 95.4 93.5
600 micron 91.9 90.3 88.3 83.2 79.9
300 micron 86.1 82.8 80.1 71.1 68.1
150 micron 64 61.3 59.7 37.5 36.3
75 micron 38.6 37.2 36.5 8.2 7.6

120
100 2m
80 3m
60
4m
40
5m
20
6m
0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Sieve size (mm)
Description 2m Depth 3m Depth 4m Depth 5m Depth 6m Depth
Fineness modulus 1.229 1.323 1.399 2.046 2.146
Observation:
The inference from the graph shows that the fine sand with clay mixed exists up to 4m depth and fine
sand exists up to 6m depth.

CALCULATION
OF
SAFE BEARING CAPACITY
4. CALCULATION OF SAFE BEARING CAPACITY
4.1 Safe bearing capacity calculation based on settlement and Shear
Safe Bearing Capacity calculations based on settlement consideration (SPT value):
Safe Bearing Capacity calculations for shallow foundation will vary based on the width of foundation.
For example, in the case of Individual footing such as isolated, combined etc., we are supposed to
use the formula as mentioned below. (Using Teng’s Modified formula)
2
⎛ B + 0.3 ⎞
qna = 51.4 × (N − 3) × ⎜ ⎟ × R w × Cd
⎝ 2B ⎠
Where,
qna = Net safe bearing capacity of soil (kN/m2)

(for 2.5cm permissible settlement)
N = Corrected SPT values
B = Width of foundation (m) (let us assume 2m)
Rw = Correction factor for water table level
Cd = Correction factor for depth of embedment
For Bore Hole 1 @ 4m depth SPT ‘N’ Value = 10
⇒ qna = 51.4 x (10 - 3) x ((2 + 0.3)/(2 x 2))2 x 0.5 x 1 = 59.47 kN/m2
∴ qna = 5.94 t/m2

Safe Bearing Capacity calculations based on Unconfined Compression Test (UCC):

As Per IS 6403:1981
Net safe bearing capacity of the soil,
qult = C Nc Sc dc ic + q (Nq- 1) Sq dq iq + 0.5 B Ƴ Nᵞ Sᵞ dᵞ iᵞ W’
Where
C = Cohesion in Kgf/cm2
Nc, Nq, Nᵞ = Bearing Capacity Factors
S c, Sq , Sᵞ = Shape Factors
dc, dq, dᵞ = Depth Factors
ic, iq, iᵞ = Inclination Factors
q = Effective surcharge at the base level of foundation in Kgf/cm2

= ᵞxd
B = Width of footing, diameter of circular footing in cm
ᵞ = Bulk unit weight of soil in Kgf/cm3
W’ = Correction factor for location of water table
At 5m depth (Bore Hole 1), the Soil profile is Clay
If Φ = 0
Nc = 5.14
Nq = 1
Nᵞ = 0 (Zero)
and Cohesion C = 4.19 (based on laboratory test)
Applying these parameter in the equation No. 1
qult = C Nc Sc dc ic + q (Nq- 1) Sq dq iq + 0.5 B ᵞ Nᵞ Sᵞ dᵞ iᵞ W’

= C Nc Sc dc ic + q (1- 1) Sq dq iq + 0.5 B ᵞ 0 Sᵞ dᵞ iᵞ W’
= C Nc Sc dc ic + 0 + 0
qult = C Nc Sc dc ic

Where Sc = Shape factor which is equal to 1
dc =
= 1.028 (hence considered the minimum value as 1)

= 1
ic =
Where α = inclination of the load to the vertical in degree which is equal to zero
ic = 1
Therefore qult = C Nc Sc dc ic
= 4.19 x 5.14 x 1 x 1 x 1
= 21.536 t/m2
Applying factor of safety as 3
Then allowable bearing capacity
qallowable = 21.536 / 3
= 7.18 t/m2
Safe Bearing Capacity calculations based on shear consideration (Direct Shear):

As Per IS 6403:1981
At 4m depth (Bore Hole 1)

Proving Ring capacity 200kg = 966.2 division
Area of the shear box = 6cm x 6cm = 36cm2
Normal Stress (kg/cm2) No. of Division Stress
0.5 23 0.132
1.0 68 0.391
1.5 113 0.650
Stress = Load / Area

= (200/966.2) * 23* (1/36) = 0.132
Ø = tan-1 (0.650-0.132) = 27.36°

Net safe bearing capacity of the soil (for general shear failure as per IS 6403:1981)
qult = C Nc Sc dc ic + q (Nq- 1) Sq dq iq + 0.5 B Ƴ Nᵞ Sᵞ dᵞ iᵞ W’

Where
C = Cohesion in t/m2
Nc, Nq, Nᵞ = Bearing Capacity Factors (From Table 1 of IS 6403 – 1981)
Sc, Sq , Sᵞ = Shape Factors (From Table 2 of IS 6403 – 1981)
dc, dq, dᵞ = Depth Factors
ic, iq, iᵞ = Inclination Factors
q = Effective surcharge at the base level of foundation in t/m2
B = Width of footing, diameter of circular footing in m
ᵞ = Bulk unit weight of soil in t/m3
W’ = Correction factor for location of water table
At 4m depth (Bore hole 1), the Soil profile is Fine Sand
If C = 0 (Since no Cohesion)
Φ = 27.36 (based on laboratory test)
Therefore Nc = 25.168;
Nq = 14.315;
Nᵞ = 16.320
Applying these parameters in the above equation
qult = C Nc Sc dc ic + q (Nq- 1) Sq dq iq + 0.5 B ᵞ Nᵞ Sᵞ dᵞ iᵞ W’

Where C = 0 (Since no Cohesion)
Therefore, qult = q (Nq- 1) Sq dq iq + 0.5 B ᵞ Nᵞ Sᵞ dᵞ iᵞ W’
Bearing Capacity calculation through shear density of soil ‘ᵞ’
There are two relationships of weight of soil to Volume of soil as

i) Total density or Bulk density
ii) Dry density
Therefore, Total Bulk density, ᵞt = Total Weight of soil = W
Total Volume of soil V
Dry Density ᵞd = Ws/V; Whereas Ws = Total weight of solids

In a particular case the total density will be known as saturated density, when the soil is saturated.
Another density of soil will be known as submerged or buoyant density, ᵞb when the soil is submerged
in water.
ᵞb = ᵞt - ᵞw
Where ᵞw = Density of water = 1 g/cc or 1 t/m3
Mostly soils submerged in water are saturated.
Hence ᵞbuoyant = ᵞsat - ᵞw
Based on the above equations,

ᵞ = ᵞsat = 1.8 t/m3
d = 4m
Here, ᵞb = ᵞsat – 1 = 1.8 – 1 = 0.8 t/m3
Therefore, q = ᵞb x d = 0.8 x 4 = 3.2 t/m2
Sq = Sᵞ = Shape factor which is equal to 1
dq = dᵞ =
= 1 (Minimum value of 1 can be taken)

iq = inclination factor
Where α = inclination of the load to the vertical in degree which is equal to zero
iq = 1
B = Width of footing (2m)
W’ = 0.5
Applying in the above equation

qult = q (Nq- 1) Sq dq iq + 0.5 B ᵞ Nᵞ Sᵞ dᵞ iᵞ W’
= 3.2 x (14.315 - 1) x 1 x 1 x 1 + 0.5 x 2 x 1.8 x 16.320 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 0.5
= 57.296 t/m2
Applying factor of safety as 3

Then allowable bearing capacity
qna = 57.296 / 3
= 19.10 t/m2

SAFE BEARING CAPACITY
RESULTS
4. Calculation of Safe bearing capacity of the soil:
4.2 Safe Bearing capacity of soil based on SPT values for Bore Hole 1
Safe Bearing capacity of soil

Bore Hole No. Depth (m) SPT value
KN/m2 t/m2
1.00 2 Nil Nil
2.00 3 Nil Nil
3.00 5 16.99 1.69
4.00 10 59.47 5.94

BH – 1
5.00 10 59.47 5.94
6.00 12 76.47 7.64
8.00 11 67.97 6.79
10.00 11 67.97 6.79
1.00 3 Nil Nil
2.00 7 33.98 3.39
3.00 4 8.49 0.84

BH – 2
4.00 8 42.48 4.24
5.00 9 50.98 5.09
6.00 9 50.98 5.09

4.3 Safe Bearing capacity of soil based on Shear Failure Criteria:
Through Unconfined Compression Test (UCC)
Max. Safe Bearing

Max. Load Cohesion
Bore Hole No. Depth (m) Deformation capacity of soil
(Div) (t/m2)
(Div) (t/m2)
2.00 10 50 1.40 2.40
3.00 15 60 2.10 3.60
BH – 1 5.00 30 80 4.19 7.18
8.00 35 85 4.88 8.37
10.00 37 85 5.16 8.85
2.00 25 75 3.49 5.99
BH – 2 3.00 15 60 2.10 3.60
4.00 30 80 4.19 7.18

Direct Shear test for Bore Hole 1 & 2
Normal
Bore Ø Safe Bearing Capacity of
Depth (m) Stress Division
Hole No. (in degrees) Soil (t/m2)
(kg/cm2)
0.5 23
2.00 1.0 66 26.58° 10.81
1.5 110
0.5 23
3.00 1.0 67 26.84° 14.54
1.5 111
0.5 23
4.00 1.0 68 27.36° 19.10
1.5 113
BH - 1
0.5 23
6.00 1.0 69 27.62° 27.02
1.5 114
0.5 23
8.00 1.0 68 27.36° 33.30
1.5 113
0.5 23
10.00 1.0 68 27.36° 40.40
1.5 113
0.5 23
2.00 1.0 67 26.84° 11.21
1.5 111
0.5 23
3.00 1.0 66 26.31° 13.52
1.5 109
0.5 23
BH - 2 4.00 1.0 68 27.10° 18.49
1.5 112
0.5 23
5.00 1.0 69 27.36° 22.65
1.5 113
0.5 23
6.00 1.0 69 27.36° 26.20
1.5 113

4.4 Comparison of Safe bearing capacity of soil through Shear and Settlement
consideration:
Comparison of Bearing Capacity of soil for Bore Hole 1
Safe Bearing Capacity (t/m2)

Bore Hole no. Depth (m) Shear consideration Settlement
(UCC) (Direct Shear) consideration
1.00 --- --- Nil
2.00 2.40 10.81 Nil
3.00 3.60 14.54 1.69
4.00 --- 19.10 5.94

BH – 1
5.00 7.18 --- 5.94
6.00 --- 27.02 7.64
8.00 8.37 33.30 6.79
10.00 8.85 40.40 6.79
1.00 --- --- Nil
2.00 5.99 11.21 3.39
3.00 3.60 13.52 0.84

BH – 2
4.00 7.18 18.49 4.24
5.00 --- 22.65 5.09
6.00 --- 26.20 5.09

5. Result:
5.1 Recommended Safe bearing capacity values at different depths
Considering the lesser value of the above, the Safe Bearing Capacity, values at different depths are
recommended below:
Bore Hole Depth (m) Safe Bearing Capacity (t/m2)
1.00 Nil
2.00 Nil
3.00 1.69
4.00 5.94
BH – 1
5.00 5.94
6.00 7.64
8.00 6.79
10.00 6.79
1.00 Nil
2.00 3.39
3.00 0.84
BH – 2
4.00 4.24
5.00 5.09
6.00 5.09
The above test data and findings are relevant and applicable only for the soil conditions existing at the
test site. Any change in the soil strata observed during excavation may be reported to the laboratory,
which will redefine the safe bearing capacity of the soil.

5.2 Recommended pile load capacity Values
Based on the variation of the existing soil profile and usage of M25 grade of concrete, the
pile load capacity has been calculated and presented as below.
Bearing Uplift Lateral

S. Bore Hole Pile Dia. Depth
Resistance Resistance thrust
No. no. (mm) (m)
(tonne) (tonne) (tonne)
400 7.5 2.8 0.9
450 9.1 3.2 1.1

6
500 10.8 3.6 1.4
BH - 1 600 14.7 4.5 1.8

1 &
BH - 2 400 11.3 5.8 1.2
450 13.5 6.7 1.5

10
500 15.8 7.5 1.8
600 20.8 9.2 2.4

SOIL SAMPLE PHOTOS
0
10m
Bore Hole No: 1

Depth : 0 to 10m
6m
0
Bore Hole No: 2

Depth : 0 to 6m
SITE PHOTO
ANNEXURE
Soil Division,
#14/16, 4th Cross, New Raja Colony,
Beema Nagar, Trichy - 620 001.
Phone: 0431 2401326
Fax: 0431 2401596
Email: tmaterialstesting@yahoo.co.in
Annexure - A
NATURAL MOISTURE CONTENT

(As per IS 2720 (Part - 2) - 1973)
Project Name : Soil investigation for construction of Residential Apartment Building
Bore Hole No. : 1
Depth : 2m
Wt of
Wt of Wt of Dry Soil
container Wt of container + Wt of Water (W3 Water Content (%) =
Trial container (W4 = W2-W)
+wet soil Dry soil (W2) gm = W1-W2) gm (W3-W4)*100
(W) gm gm
(W1) gm
1 23.50 52.80 48.25 4.6 24.8 18.38
2 21.95 53.10 48.30 4.8 26.4 18.22
3 22.70 50.20 45.95 4.3 23.3 18.28
Natural Moisture Content = 18.29

Phone: 0431 2401326
Fax: 0431 2401596
Annexure - B
SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST

(As per IS 2720 (Part - 3) - 1980)
Bore Hole No. : 1
Depth : 2m
Bottle Wt Bottle + Sample Bottle + Sample + Bottle + Water

Trial Specific Gravity
(W1) gm (W2) gm Water (W3) gm (W4) gm
1 32.6 93.3 118.3 80.8 2.616
2 32.6 92.4 117.7 80.8 2.611
3 32.6 92.5 117.8 80.8 2.616
Specific gravity of Fine Aggregate = 2.61

Soil Division,
Phone: 0431 2401326
Fax: 0431 2401596
Annexure - C
DENSITY CALCULATION
Bore Hole No. : 1
Depth : 2m
SI. No. Description Reading
1 Weight of Empty Box (gm) 630.00
2 Weight of Box + Soil (gm) 797.00
3 Weight of Soil (gm) 167.00

3
4 Volume of Box (cm ) 90.00
5 Bulk Density (gm/cm3) 1.86
6 Weight of Container (gm) 23.50

Weight of Container + Wet Soil
7 (gm) 52.80
Weight of Container + Dry Soil
8 (gm) 48.25
9 Moisture Content (%) 18.38
10 Dry Density (gm/cm3) 1.57
Result
Bulk Density of Soil = 1.86
Dry Density of Soil = 1.57

Soil Division,
Phone: 0431 2401326
Fax: 0431 2401596
Annexure - D
POROSITY & VOID RATIO
Bore Hole No. : 1
Depth : 2m
SI. No. Description Reading
3
1 Dry Density ᵞd (gm/cm ) 1.57
2 Specific gravity (Gs) 2.61
Porosity (%) (1 – (ᵞd/Gs))*100
(1-(1.57/2.61)) x 100 = 39.84
3 Porosity (%) 40
Void Ratio, (e) ƞ/(1-ƞ)
0.3984/(1-0.3984)
4 Void Ratio 0.66

Soil Division,
Phone: 0431 2401326
Fax: 0431 2401596
Annexure - E
FINENESS MODULUS TEST
(As per IS 2720 (Part - 4) - 1985)

Bore Hole No. : 1
Depth : 2m
Sieve Weight Cumulative Weight Percentage cumulative

size (mm) retained retained (gm) weight retained (gm)
10 0 0.0 0.0 100.0
4.75 0 0.0 0.0 100.0
2.36 0 0.0 0.0 100.0
1.18 3.5 3.5 3.5 96.5
0.6 4.6 8.1 8.1 91.9
0.3 5.8 13.9 13.9 86.1
0.15 22.1 36.0 36.0 64.0
0.075 25.4 61.4 61.4 38.6
Pan 38.6 100.0 100.0 0.0

120
100
80
60 2m
40
20
0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Sieve size (mm)
Based on Gradation Curve, the percentge component of each materials in the soil sample obtained are as follows (As
per IS 1498 - 1970).
Gravel (%) 0
Coarse Sand (%) 3.5
Medium Sand (%) 10.4
Fine sand (%) 47.5
Silt & Clay (%) 38.6
Soil Division,
Phone: 0431 2401326
Fax: 0431 2401596
Annexure - F
Direct Shear Test (IS 2720 - Part 13 -1986)
Bore Hole 1 L.C. Of Dial Gauge 0.002

Depth (m) 4m Proving ring Constant 0.206996
Date of Test 23.12.2021 Area of the specimen (cm2) 36
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

2 2 2
Normal Stress: 0.5 kg/cm Normal Stress: 1 kg/cm Normal Stress: 1.5 kg/cm
Horizontal Proving Shear Shear Horizontal Proving Shear Shear Horizontal Proving Shear Shear
Gauge Ring Deforma Stress Gauge Ring Deforma Stress Gauge Ring Deforma Stress
2 2 2
Reading Reading tion (kg/cm ) Reading Reading tion (kg/cm ) Reading Reading tion (kg/cm )
0 0 0.00 0.000 0 0 0.00 0.000 0 0 0.00 0.000

50 9 0.50 0.052 50 28 0.50 0.161 50 72 0.50 0.414
100 11 1.00 0.063 100 33 1.00 0.190 100 75 1.00 0.431
150 13 1.50 0.075 150 36 1.50 0.207 150 78 1.50 0.448
200 15 2.00 0.086 200 40 2.00 0.230 200 81 2.00 0.466
250 17 2.50 0.098 250 44 2.50 0.253 250 86 2.50 0.494
300 19 3.00 0.109 300 48 3.00 0.276 300 90 3.00 0.517
350 21 3.50 0.121 350 52 3.50 0.299 350 93 3.50 0.535
400 23 4.00 0.132 400 56 4.00 0.322 400 96 4.00 0.552
450 60 4.50 0.345 450 99 4.50 0.569
500 64 5.00 0.368 500 103 5.00 0.592
550 68 5.50 0.391 550 105 5.50 0.604
600 108 6.00 0.621
650 111 6.50 0.638
Shear Deformation Vs Shear Stress
700 113 7.00 0.650
0.700
Normal
0.600 Proving Ring Shear Stress
Stress
Reading at failure (kg/cm2)
(Kg/cm2)
0.500
0.50 23 0.132
Shear Stress (kg/cm2)
0.400 1.00 68 0.391

1.50 113 0.650
0.300
Direct Shear Test
Shear Stress (kg/cm2)
1.50
0.200 1.20
0.90
0.100 0.60
0.30
0.00
0.000
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00
Shear Deformation (mm) Normal Stress (kg/cm2)
Ø = tan-1 ( 0.650 - 0.132 )

Angle of Shearing Resistance (Ø) = 27.36 °

Report Kandiyur, Tiruvaiyaru

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Report Kandiyur, Tiruvaiyaru

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

REPORT

SOIL INVESTIGATION FOR CONSTRUCTION

Mr. Sheik Allavudeen,

TIME INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS TESTING

Project : Construction of Residential Apartment Building at Kandiyur, Thanjavur District

FOUNDATION : Based on the existing soil condition, it is recommended to provide

1. INTRODUCTION ON SOIL TEST

2.1 – Plan of Bore Hole 1 & 2 - 5

3. SIEVE ANALYSIS REPORT

3.1 – Sieve Analysis report of sample from Borehole No 1 & 2 - 13

4. CALCULATION OF SAFE BEARING CAPACITY OF THE SOIL

4.1 – Safe bearing capacity calculation based on settlement and Shear - 16

5.1 – Recommended safe bearing capacity values at different depths - 25

6. SOIL SAMPLE PHOTOS

Time Institute for Materials Testing

December 24, 2021

REPORT ON SOIL INVESTIGATION

Sub: Soil Investigation for Construction of Residential Apartment Building at Kandiyur,

It is proposed to construct a Residential Apartment Building at Kandiyur, Thanjavur

1.2 Investigation Programme, Procedure and Data:

Time Institute for Materials Testing, Trichy 2

1.3 Review of Field and Laboratory Results:

Sub soil Profile

Ground Water Table

Time Institute for Materials Testing, Trichy 3

1.4 Conclusions & Recommendations:

Based on the existing soil condition, it is recommended to provide Pile foundation.

For Time Institute for Materials Testing

24th December 2021 Dr. B.N. Krishnaswami.

Time Institute for Materials Testing, Trichy 4

TIME Institute for Materials Testing

Page No: 5 SCALE NTS

2.2 BORE LOG DETAILS FOR BORE HOLE 1

Project : Report on soil investigation for construction of Residential Apartment Building

Lithology of Bore Hole Graphical

0 - 1.5m Filled up soil 1.0 1 1 2 3 2

3.8m - 4.5m Fine Sand 4.0 3 6 8 14 10

4.5m - 5.4m Clay 5.0 5 7 7 14 10

5.4m - 6.2m Fine Sand 6.0 6 6 10 16 12

6.2m - 10m Silty clay

Bore terminated at 10m depth from the existing ground level

Time Institute for Materials Testing, Trichy 6

2.3 BORE LOG DETAILS FOR BORE HOLE 2

Project : Report on soil investigation for construction of Residential Apartment Building

Lithology of Bore Hole Graphical

0 - 1.2m Filled up soil 1.0 1 2 2 4 3

Fine sand with

4.3m - 6m Fine Sand

Bore terminated at 6m depth from the existing ground level

Time Institute for Materials Testing, Trichy 7

2.4 Summary of Engineering Geo Properties

Natural Moisture Content:

Mb = Total Mass of dried soil

Time Institute for Materials Testing, Trichy 8

The specific gravity G of the soil = (W2 – W1) / [(W4– W1)-(W3-W2)]

W1 = Weight of density bottle

Time Institute for Materials Testing, Trichy 9

Summary of Engineering Geo Properties for Bore Hole 1 & 2

Natural Moisture Bulk Density Dry Density Specific Void

2.0 18.29 1.86 1.57 2.61 40 0.66

4.0 Fine sand 17.86 1.89 1.60 2.62 39 0.63

Bore Hole 1 5.0 Clay 20.43 1.82 1.51 2.61 42 0.73

6.0 Fine sand 17.69 1.88 1.60 2.62 39 0.64

8.0 19.90 1.84 1.53 2.61 41 0.70