Cisco Roadm

Innovations and Trends in
Optical Networking
Moustafa Kattan – Distinguished Architect

Maurizio Gazzola – Sr. Product Line Manager
BRKOPT-2003
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BRKOPT-2003 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3
Agenda
• Key Optical Concepts and Trends
• 400G to 600G Coherent Wavelengths
• Flexible Light Orchestration of Wavelengths (FLOW)
• Converged SDN Transport Architectures
• Dis-aggregated and Open Line DWDM Systems
• Introduction to Subsea Transmission
• Conclusion
Key Optical
Concepts and
Technologies
WDM System Components
λ1
λ2 λ1...n
λ3
WSS
S
Optical Multiplexer
Any λ Any λ
λ1 Optical Line Amplifier drop add
λ1...n (OLA)
λ2 Reconfigurable
λ3 Optical Add/Drop
Multiplexer (ROADM)
Optical De-multiplexer
WDM Interfaces
15xx 100GE 15xx

Grey Grey
100GE 100G 200G
100GE
Transponder Muxponder
15xx 15xx
200G 200G
15xx
100G/200G
Grey Grey
10GE 10GE
DWDM Optics
XPonder
Optical & Optics Domains
Optical Transport Network

IEEE defined Ethernet Regen
OLA
TxP
Mux/Demux
ROADM
DC & Client Optics Line Optics

• Grey optics • Multiple channels / DWDM (Colored)/ Fiber
• Within a building or campus or city • Across country/Ocean (100’s to 10,000 km +)
• Ethernet • Forward Error Correction (FEC)
• Optimize for Cost, Power, Density • Optimize for Performances, Spectral
Efficiency, Cost, Density
Notable Advancements & Cisco Optical
Innovations
First IP+Optical Logical Spectrum

integration and Integration Switched Paradigm shift
flexible optical with unified Optical towards Open
networks management Networks Systems
Pluggable IPoDWDM, Pro-active Virtual WSON and FLOW / Packet

400G/600G Open DWDM
DWDM ROADMs Protection Transponder GMPLS UNI SSON Photonics
Simple, focus on First real Introduction Introduction Convergence

cost reductions application of an of Single SDN
to leverage advanced Carrier Transport
IP+Optical control plane 400G/600G Systems
integration for the optical
layer
400G to 600G
Coherent
Wavelengths
Wavelength Capacity Evolution
Before Coherent (b.C.) After Coherent (a.C.)

• Direct Modulation • Amplitude & Phase Modulation
• Manage Chromatic Dispersion (CD) to • Digital Signal Processing (DSP) to
enable 10G account for all transmission-induced
• Fight Polarization Mode Dispersion impairments
(PMD) to enable 40G • Wavelength and Fiber Capacity can be
• Network Design is hard optimized automatically by the system
Coherent DSP Evolution - From 100G to 1.2T
100G 400G
(2H 2012) (2H 2016)
40nm Single Wavelength 28nm Dual Core Fully
100G Integrated ASIC
Integrated DSP & ADCs SW Selectable Modulation
(Optimized Performances & (100G to 200G/Wavelength)
Power) Soft-Decision FEC (25% OH)
Hard-Decision FEC Transmit Signal shaping
(7% or 15% OH) (Up to 152x in C-band)
50GHz Tunability Coherent Receiver 1.2T
(Up to 96x in C-band)
200G/250G (2H 2018)
Coherent Receiver
(2H 2014) 16nm Dual Core Fully
28nm Fully Integrated Integrated ASIC
ASIC SW Selectable Modulation
SW Selectable Modulation and Baud Rate
(50G to 250G/Wavelength) (100G to 600G/Wavelength)
Soft-Decision FEC Soft-Decision FEC (27% OH)
(7% or 20% OH) Transmit Signal shaping
Transmit Signal shaping Coherent Receiver
(Up to 152x in C-band)
Coherent Receiver
Beyond CY20 for coherent transponder
• 5nm coherent DSP for long haul / subsea
• Single to quad-core deployment models for 400GE optimization.
• Up to 1.2Tbps per carrier.
• 1.5db rx-OSNR improvement for long haul.
• 20% capacity improvement projected for subsea.
• Test chips in CY20.
Range of Continuous Control with 1.2T DSP
Hybrid Modulation : NOTE: 64Chs C-Band @ 75GHz
SW Configurable Rate / Modulation
9.6T
100G to 600G 12.8T
15% FEC
16T
27% FEC Hybrid Mode 19.2T
22.4T
mQAM nQAM mQAM nQAM 25.6T

…
28.8T
Time Hybrid combination
0.008 bits/symbol control
Baud Rate
32T
Maximize
capacity in
35.2T
50Gb/s
24 – 72
GBaud/s
increments for
Reach required 38.4T
Over 6000 Granular Modulation Options

Capacity vs Span Trad-off Example
What is Hybrid Modulation?
16QAM(2^4) for every symbol

… = 400G (8 bits/symbol)
Performances
between
8QAM(2^3) for every symbol
standard
= 300G (6 bits/symbol) constellations
can be
16QAM and 8QAM on every achieved
alternate symbol
… = 350G (7 bits/symbol)
Flexible Baud Rates – Finding the Ideal Fit
Fixed Baud Rate Flexible Baud Rate

Adjusting the
• 2,000km LH span baud-rate
• 75GHz grid Line allows to drive
System 300G instead
Hybrid modulation
of 200G while
maintaining the
46GB 62.6GB
same reach
75GHz 75GHz
400G Comparison Example
16QAM 32QAM
69GB 56GB
1,500km 100km
Reach Reach
75GHz 75GHz
Cisco 400G Other 400G
64x400 = 25.6Tbps 64x400 = 25.6Tbps
What About >400G (500G/600G)?
Hybrid
32QAM
64QAM-32QAM
69GB 72GB
500km 100km
Reach Reach
75GHz 75GHz
500G x Wavelength 600G x Wavelength
64x500 = 32Tbps x Fiber 64x600 = 38.4Tbps x Fiber
Flexible Light
Orchestration of
Wavelengths
(FLOW) Control
Plane Innovations
Animated Slide
Agile DWDM Layer

Complete Control in Software (SSON), No Physical Intervention Required
Foundation for Automation
Flexible Optical Network
Omni-Directional Flex Spectrum

ROADM ports are not direction specific Optimize the amount of spectrum
(re-route does not require fiber move) allocated to each wavelength
Colorless Contention-less
ROADM ports are not frequency specific Same frequency can be added/dropped
(re-tuned laser does not require fiber move) from multiple ports on same device
Tunable Coherent Technology

Drive wavelengths up to 600Gbps with
optimized Reach & Capacity
Spectrum Switched Optical Networks – SSON
SSON is a DWDM-aware GMPLS Control Plane:

• Evolution of WSON - switches Spectrum instead of Wavelengths
• Aware of Linear & Non-Linear optical impairments
• Software based and no OTN Switching requirement
• Enabler for Dynamic Photonic networks
• Improves Network Efficiency and Resiliency
Why SSON/Cisco FLOW?
SSON: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7698
• To enable Flexibility in the spectrum assignment

• To align with ITU-T’s extended granularity in
channel spacing specifications
(6.25GHz/12.5GHz) to cater for 400G+ Waves (75GHz+ Spectrum)
• To deal with the increased complexity of running optical networks with more granular
spectrum, driving more requirements for the Optical Control Plane
• How to optimize the Transmission layer to cope with Distance and Capacity needed? (FLOW!)
• How to optimize / de-frag provisioned Channels to save overall Spectrum? (FLOW!)
• To Allow for the provisioning, protection, restoration of the new set of Optical
Connectivity requirement coming in a FlexGrid environment
SSON Intelligence (Centralized or Distributed CP)
SSON Input
Linear Regenerator
Impairments Non Linear Interface Type capability
Impairments Topology
Power Loss OSNR Path Modulation

choice Bit rate FEC
SPM XPM FWM
Linear optical impairments

Spectrum Assignment SSON verification
Algorithm
Optical Path calculation and Spectrum Switching
provisioning
Service Creation
FLOW - Optical Signals Hierarchy
Media-Channel Media-Channel Super-Channel Media-Channel Carrier: Optical Channel (i.e. Trunk) carrying part or all
MCH1 MCH2 SCH2 MCH3 client payload
Super-Channel (SCH): set (1 or more) of homogeneous
Super-Channel
(same type) optical Carrier(s)
Super-Channel
SCH1 SCH3 Media-Channel (MCH): Continuous spectrum section
allocated from Source to Destination (with Path) to
transport one Super-Channel
• By default one MCH shall be associated to each SCH
• By default each MCH can be switched/routed
independently
• The MCH has the information on Optical BW
allocated and the Path along the network
Carriers Carriers
• The SCH has information on the channels contained,
Carrier and all the optical data
SSON : Agility & Self Healing Capability
• Impairment-aware Optical Control Plane

• Restoration Mechanisms (~1min)
• Doesn’t replace Protection (50ms)
• Automatic Network (Re)Configuration & (Re)Optimization
• Improved SLA/Availability : 1+R and 1+1+R
• Network failure reaction (1min)
• Resiliency and Self Healing Against Multiple Fiber Cuts
• More efficient use of Resources
• Shared resources for Restoration
Converged SDN
Transport
Architectures
Isolated IP and Optical networks lead to end-to-
end inefficiencies Planning
Planning Engineering
Proprietary Software Stacks
Proprietary Software Stack Engineering Operations
Operations
Design Design
TDM + DWDM Networks
Planning IP/MPLS Multiservice Network

Planning
EMS/NMS EMS/NMS
(FCAPS) (FCAPS)
Animation
Global IP/Optical Convergence enabled Network Evolution

 Segregated IP & Optical Siloes:
• Costly Redundant service resiliency
in both IP & Optical network layers
• Highly manual provisioning
Router • 10G services dominant  IP/Optical Convergence:
• Line Cards – Dominant CapEx
• Optimized E2E network resiliency via
LC
LC
SR-MPLS
• Less Line Cards via Coherent DSP
integration (ACO) in routing platforms  IPoEoF:
TC
TC
Cost & Complexity
• 100G & 200G services dominant
LC
LC
• Simplify & delayer by eliminating OTN • Leverage DCO &
Automation
OTN
Switc switching infrastructure 400G ZR/ZR+ for
h ≥100G
TC
TC
• Address scalability
LC
LC
LC
LC
bottlenecks
• Optics – Dominant
CapEx
Txpdr
Txpdr
Txpdr
Txpdr
LC
LC
DCO DCO
LC
LC
LC
LC
ZR ZR+
CDC
ROADM
WSS Filter
EDFA EDFA
Evolution Past Present Future

IP Optical Convergence Pillars
Silicon Optics Software
Router silicon capacity is leapfrogging traffic demand
Example: Cisco Silicon One Q100 - 10.8 Tbps
Traffic demand Silicon Capacity
How do we get this capacity

out of the routers?
>
Time
The benefits of coherent optics integration
2011 2014 2016 2018 2020
Less space, power consumption

More integration
5x7 inches
3x6 inches
CFP2 ACO
CFP2 DCO
QSFP-DD DCO
QSFP-DD 400G Module Comparison
QSPF-DD provides the highest BW density of any pluggable module
CXP
CFP CPAK CFP2 CFP4 QSFP28 uQSFP CFP8 OSFP QSFP-DD
86
75 21 35 42 22 18 14 41 22 18
29
50
50
50
Line card faceplate
130
76
91
92
92
83
100G Modules 400G Modules
16 16.2 11.6 12.4 9.5 13.5 12.4 13.5 13.5
400GE QSFP-DD: 4x more capacity, lower power
consumption and same port density*
Transceiver Power for 1Tb/s of Line Card Bandwidth Enabled by

300
Bandwidth Module Form Factor
240
250 16 60
Line Card Bandwidth (Tb/s)

14
# of Line Card Ports

200 50
Power (W)
12
10 40
150 120
100 8 30
87.5 6
100 75 20
35 4
50 32.5 10
2
0 0
0
Line Card BW # of Line Card Ports
* When compared with 100GE QSFP-28
Integrated Optics Evolution (100G/200G, Trend
continues at 400G)
• Adoption of Digital Coherent Optics
CFP2-ACO CFP2-DCO
Multi-Rate CFP2 DCO WDM Pluggable Details
• Supported Trunk Rate: • CD Compensation:
• 200G, 300G and 400G • OTU4: +/-80,000ps/nm
(OpenROADM OpenFEC) • 200G: +/-50,000ps/nm
• OTU4 with Staircase FEC • 300G: +/-50,000ps/nm
• 400G: +/-26,000ps/nm
• Channel Spacing:
• 75GHz (Min) • DGD Compensation:
• OTU4: 50GHz (Min) • 200G, 300G, 400G: 60ps
• OTU4: 80ps
• TX Power Range:
• -10 to +1dBm (SW
Configurable)
Line Mode Modulation FEC OSNR [dB] RX Sensitivity Min RX Sensitivity Target Reach [km]
Rate Format (Optimum OSNR)
400G ZR 16QAM CFEC 26 -12dBm -20dBm 120
400G OR 16QAM OFEC 22.6 -13dBm -22.5dBm 1,400
300G OR 8QAM OFEC 19.7 -15dBm -25.5dBm 2,500
200G OR QPSK OFEC 14.8 -18dBm -30.5dBm 3,000 (CD-limited)
100G OTU4 QPSK OFEC 13.3 -24dBm -30dBm 3,000 (CD-limited)
© 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
400GE will introduce a new class of optics
At 400G Anything beyond 10kms will need coherent optics
Distance
80-120 km
400G-CR8 400G-SR8 400G-DR4 400G-LR4
Optics
8x 50G-CR 400G-SR4.2 400G-FR4 400G-LR8 400ZR

400G-AOC
Media
Copper MMF / SMF SMF SMF

Cables AOC Duplex Duplex Duplex
(Active Cable)
QSFP-DD WDM product variants
• OIF standardized QSFP-DD ZR aiming a P2P connectivity of 120km
80-120km
EDFA
EDFA
• Various QSFP-DD vendors proposed in the same format and with the same DSP also a more
powerful version (with worst power envelop) coping with Regional and Long-haul application: this is
generically called ZR+
• Acacia and NEL (two main DSP vendor) agreed to support an interoperable mode called OpenZR+
allowing an interoperability between interfaces also on a Regional Long-Haul environment
• Cisco will support OpenZR+ on their QSFP-DD
400G DD-QSFP56 ZR & ZR+ WDM Pluggable
Details
• Supported Trunk Rate: • CD Compensation:
• 200G, 300G and 400G (OpenZR+) • 200G: +/-50,000ps/nm
60.1 Gbaud • 300G: +/-50,000ps/nm
• 400G (ZR) 59.8 Gbaud • 400G: +/-26,000ps/nm
• Channel Spacing: • DGD Compensation:
• 75GHz (Min) • 200G, 300G, 400G: 60ps
• OTU4: 90ps
• TX Power Range:
• -10 dBm, -6dBm (ZR)
• ~13dBm, -10dBm (ZR+) w/Nyquist
shaping
Line Mode Modulation FEC OSNR [dB] RX Sensitivity Min RX Sensitivity Target Reach [km]
Rate Format (Optimum OSNR)
400G ZR 16QAM CFEC 26 -12dBm -20dBm 120
400G OZR+ 16QAM OFEC 22.1 -16dBm -23dBm 1,400
300G OZR+ 8QAM OFEC 18.7 -19dBm -26dBm 2,500
200G OZR+ QPSK OFEC 14.6 -16dBm -30dBm 3,000 (CD-limited)
400ZR/ZR+ Target Reaches
Specification Framing Data Rate Modulation Target Reach
OIF 400ZR OIF ZR 400G DP-16QAM 120 km
400G DP-16QAM 1400 km
ZR+ 300G DP-8QAM 2500 km

(e.g. Open ROADM FlexO
/ ITU) 200G DP-QPSK 3000 km
100G DP-QPSK 3000 km*
* CD limited
Vendor differences will exist on performance for non-standard modes

Standard Vendor Specific
CFP2 enables higher launch power
Challenges of traditional network architecture
• Each layer treated individually

• Multiple control planes – IP/MPLS,
GMPLS, WSON/SSON
• IP layer is dynamic as is the transport layer
• Adjustable Data Rate, Modulation, Baud
Rate, Spectrum, etc…
• Operational life-cycle is complex
• Planning, Feasibility Compute,
Management, Optimization, etc
• Optical / OTN switching adds complexity
What if…
Remove Simplify Converge Better

Layers Layers Services Integration
Eliminate
Eliminate Build a converged Leverage
OTN Switching CDC Switching packet network 400G ZR/ZR+
pluggable optics
Run all channels Use Router as the Use open APIs
hop-by- only switching for automation
hop/Digital element
ROADM between
routers
Instead of Building This
Lifecycle
Management
Packet
Services
Private
Line
Services
Build this : Converged SDN Transport Architecture
(HbyH when you can and Digital ROADM when you must)
… towards a new Converged Transport SDN
network architecture
Simplified hop-by-hop network architecture
Packet
Services
Private
Line
Services
Architectural Shift : Converged SDN Transport
Architectural shift Benefits
PoP
Advantages:
Today’s Network Tomorrow’s Network
• Simplified network architecture with a single
Packet TDM OTN Packet TDM OTN switching Element/Control Plane in the network
Services Services ‘Wave’ Services Services ‘Wave’
Services Services • Lower TCO (Eliminate OTN and CDC Switching
elements)
• Reduced number of network devices/failures
OTN + • Maximize network capacity with up to 51.2Tbps per
Router Router w/ 400G ZR + simple DWDM
ROADM fiber capacity (C+L Bands 2x(64x400G))
+
Simplification of Network:
• Hop by Hop when you can and bypass when you
must (no CDC bypass).
• Simplified DWDM layer with digital ROADM (no
CDC or xSON Control Plane).
• Protection is provided by the Packet layer
• Architecture is natively built-in with Automation,
Cohesive IP and Photonics Convergence in mind
• Maintain PMO with IP and DWDM
control/operations domains separation
Dis-aggregated
and Open Line
Systems
Closed, Open or Disaggregated WDM System
Transponders Line System Transponders
Vendor A Vendor A Vendor A
Vertically Integrated
Closed
Systems
Vendor A Vendor B Vendor A
Mix and Match

Open
Building Blocks
Vendor B Vendor B
A B B D B D B D D B
SW – HW
Disaggregated
Disaggregation
B D
Pros & Cons
Pros Cons
• Allows “Razor&Blade” Business Model • Vendor Risk (at System level)
• Customers have a Single Interface for Closed • Could become non price-competitive
Performances & Issues
• Optimizes Performances & Cost by • Requires Vendors management to

stimulating Competition guarantee Performances
Open
• Leverages on “natural” system • Customers need a way to integrate
segmentation overall Management (Automation?)
• Allows selection of Best-in-Class • Management integration is a Must

Components Disaggregated • Customers are responsible for End-to-
• Could drive Cost optimization through End System Testing & Performances
Standardization • Lowest Common Denominator?
Open/Disaggregated Optical System
• Flexible Grid Open Line System:

• No industry consensus definition yet
• Growing interest and support
• Getting traction in Submarine Systems
• Open ROADM MSA:
• Targeting Metro/Edge applications
• Participation from many influential industry members
• Telecom Infra Project (TIP) Initiative:
• Multi-Source Agreement (MSA) proposal for Point-to-Point Open Line System
• Strong industry interest
Open ROADM Initiative
• Open, Disaggregated &

Interoperable Optical Layer
• Standards-based APIs
from each component to
Domain SDN Controller
• Pluggable Long Reach
Optics (Transponder or
Router)
• Software Controlled
ROADMs (C/D & C/D/C) Acronyms:
• Metro to start with, since MW: Multi-wave Interface
W: Single Wave Interface
less performance sensitive
TIP Point-to-Point Open Line System
Controller
NC/YANG NC/YANG NC/YANG
Optical Interface Specs
Optical Interface Specs

Mux/Demux
Mux/Demux
80 km / 50 miles 80 km / 50 miles
Terminal Line Terminal
Amplifiers Amplifiers Amplifiers
• Point-to-Point systems Node-level Specifications for key Optical and Control

parameters:
• Filter BW, OSNR Contribution, per-channel Power, Monitoring points, Protection options (and
others)
• YANG Data models for Terminal and Line Amplifier nodes
Submarine Open Line Systems
• SLTEs and Wet Plants are becoming more & more two separate businesses
• Terrestrial and Submarine Transmission Products are Converging
• Innovation Pace for WDM Interfaces is not sustainable by Submarine-only Vendors
• Customers can leverage on Different Generation of Products to always use the best option
to upgrade Capacity
• “Alien Wavelength” Systems upgrades started almost 10years ago in this space, allowing
eco-system to mature
Introduction to
Subsea DWDM
Transmission
*Subsea, undersea will be used interchangeably
Subsea/undersea what is ?
Dry technology Dry
technology
Wetplant technology (Subcom/ASN/NEC..)
Cable Landing Station Cable Landing Station
TXP TXP
MON MON
Line PFE PFE Line
System System
Cable with Fiber +15kV and

embedded amplifiers
10,000km +
Example of SubSea Open Cable
Cisco NCS 2000

Cisco NCS 1000
SLTE = Submarine Line

Terminating Equipment
• NCS 1004 provides state of the art modem (aka transponder).
• NCS 2000 provides a SLTE
Submarine Open Line Systems
• SLTEs and Wet Plants are becoming more & more two
separate businesses
• Terrestrial and Submarine Transmission Transponder are
Converging
• Innovation Pace for WDM Interfaces is not sustainable by
Submarine-only Vendors
• “Alien Wavelength” Systems upgrades started almost
10years ago in this space, allowing eco-system to
mature
Figure courtesy subcom
How is undersea different from terrestrial ?
• More expensive fiber – pure silica core, higher effective area fiber.
• Eg: EX3000 150micron, 0.16db/km
• EDFA amplifiers with symmetrically spacing and operate at fixed output power. Noise
Loading technology to maintain EDFA/channel power levels
• Newer uncompensated cables are very similar to terrestrial coherent networks.
• Legacy compensated cables require custom capabilities – CW idlers, CD pre-

compensation.
How does an undersea network work ?
PFE
+
PFE = Power Feed Equipment Figure courtesy subcom
• Distances of up to 15,000km
• Amplifier spacing 60 to 110km
• 15kV Power feed
• Extremely high reliability Figure courtesy NEC
How is the cable laid ?
Subcom’s Reliance
class of Cable ships
Plow
• Loaded with cable – takes 2-3 weeks to load
• Can handle 60+ days trips.
• Space for 84 people
• Installation and repair capabilities.
ROV
Spectral Efficiency in Submarine
• Spectral Efficiency (SE) = Data Rate / Bandwidth
• Example: 200G in 50Ghz of bandwidth would be 4

b/s/Hz.
• Spectral Efficiencies Ranges by applications
• In Terrestrial Long Haul = 4-5.33 b/s/Hz
• In Terrestrial Metro = 6-8b/s/Hz
• In Submarine cable (5000km) = 5-6 b/s/Hz
• In Submarine cables (10,000km) = 4-4.5 b/s/Hz
• In submarine applications, spectral efficiency is the key
metric to evaluate transponder technologies.
Subsea Market Trends
• Market driven by Web/OTT: building single ownership cables
• Open cables from sub-com, NEC, ASN.
• Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) starting to appear on sub-sea.
• New cables driving unique value:

• New routes not sufficiently covered today. Australia, Guam etc. - RTI
• 90% of cables terminating in Japan impacted by 2011 Tsunami. Alternate routes ? - RTI
• Connect islands, remote areas – Pacific islands, Chile, Caribbean, Nordics, Indonesia etc.. – RTI,
Southern Cross Next
• New low latency routes bypassing Europe through “southern routes” – Angola Cable
Cloud/OTT Operators Examples
• In 2020, Google, FB are expected to deploy the most capacity

amongst all operators. Amazon is also looking to expand.
• Cloud/OTT own or lease 50% of undersea capacity as of 2019
[source: telegeography]
• Nice link on content players and undersea:
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/03/10/technology/internet-
cables-oceans.html
• Uncompensated coherent almost entirely.
© 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Hybrid Coherent– 6000+ options
Bandwidth Legacy 50Ghz Flex-Grid or Wide-band AAWG filters 75Ghz+
38.4Tbps
6 250G 500G 550G 600G
200G 300G 350G 400G 450G Metro P2P
5.5
28.8Tbps
Previous Modulation Technology 35.2Tbps
Total Capacity @ Grid-less

Total Capacity @ 50Ghz
30Tbps
5 24.0Tbps Metro
ROADM
27Tbps
4.5 150G
24Tbps
4 19.2Tbps
In case 300G does
Bits/symbol
21Tbps
3.5 not work, need to Hybrid Modulation, In Long Haul
3 100G go to 250G 18Tbps

case 300G at this point
14.4Tbps
Submarine
2.5 does not work, 15Tbps
2
bps/baud-rate 12Tbps
9.60Tbps controls available to
Reach
50G 9Tbps
1.5
4.80Tbps
adjust.
6Tbps
1
24 29 34 39 44 49 54 59 64 69
Baud Rate (GBaud) © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
air – automatic inline re-tuner
• Turbo Coherent technology offers 6000 + trunk configuration options.
• How does an operator pick the best mode to use ?!
• air is coordinates the transponders at the end-points to decide on the

best set of parameters to meet customer’s design objective based on
real-time performance data.
• Objectives incl. maximize spectral efficiency, maximize line rate.
How is this different from the Present Mode of
Operation ?
Considers worst case
transponder Considers real time
Planning Tool performance, optical
air performance to optimize
component losses and network for maximum
aging, margins capacity.
Installation
BOM
parameters Performance Closed Modify config
data loop
automation
Excess No excess
margin in margin in
the network the network
Cisco Submarine Examples
Ex #1 Ex #2 Ex #3
• 10,000+ km • 9,800+ km • 6,600 km (13,200km looped)
• Open cable with 3rd party SLTE • Open cable, Cisco SLTE • Beats capacity record of 26.4Tbps
• Deployed 36x200G links (7.2Tbps) • 300G/9800Km and 400G/4500Km • NCS 2K for SLTE system
• Achieved 43% better Spectral • achieved 35% better Spectral • 26+ Tbps fiber capacity on 6,600km
Efficiency over other options Efficiency over other options
• 18+ Tbps over 13,200km
Summary
Innovations in Optical Networking
Optical Control Plane Software

WSON -> SSON / FLOW -> Centralized Controller
High Speed Optics

600G DWDM, Advanced Modulations, DD-QSFP56 ZR+
Optical Network Architectures

IP+DWDM Intersection, TDM/OTN to IP Migration
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Innovations and Trends in

Moustafa Kattan – Distinguished Architect

15xx 100GE 15xx

Optical Transport Network

DC & Client Optics Line Optics

First IP+Optical Logical Spectrum

Pluggable IPoDWDM, Pro-active Virtual WSON and FLOW / Packet

Simple, focus on First real Introduction Introduction Convergence

Before Coherent (b.C.) After Coherent (a.C.)

• 5nm coherent DSP for long haul / subsea

• Single to quad-core deployment models for 400GE optimization.

• Up to 1.2Tbps per carrier.

• 1.5db rx-OSNR improvement for long haul.

• 20% capacity improvement projected for subsea.

• Test chips in CY20.

mQAM nQAM mQAM nQAM 25.6T

Over 6000 Granular Modulation Options

16QAM(2^4) for every symbol

Fixed Baud Rate Flexible Baud Rate

Agile DWDM Layer

Omni-Directional Flex Spectrum

Tunable Coherent Technology

SSON is a DWDM-aware GMPLS Control Plane:

• To enable Flexibility in the spectrum assignment

Power Loss OSNR Path Modulation

SPM XPM FWM

Linear optical impairments

• Impairment-aware Optical Control Plane

Planning IP/MPLS Multiservice Network

Global IP/Optical Convergence enabled Network Evolution

• 100G & 200G services dominant

Evolution Past Present Future

Silicon Optics Software

Traffic demand Silicon Capacity

How do we get this capacity

Less space, power consumption

Transceiver Power for 1Tb/s of Line Card Bandwidth Enabled by

Line Card Bandwidth (Tb/s)

# of Line Card Ports

Line Card BW # of Line Card Ports

* When compared with 100GE QSFP-28

8x 50G-CR 400G-SR4.2 400G-FR4 400G-LR8 400ZR

Copper MMF / SMF SMF SMF

• OIF standardized QSFP-DD ZR aiming a P2P connectivity of 120km

Specification Framing Data Rate Modulation Target Reach

OIF 400ZR OIF ZR 400G DP-16QAM 120 km

400G DP-16QAM 1400 km

ZR+ 300G DP-8QAM 2500 km

100G DP-QPSK 3000 km*

Vendor differences will exist on performance for non-standard modes

• Each layer treated individually

Remove Simplify Converge Better

Transponders Line System Transponders

Vendor A Vendor A Vendor A

Vendor A Vendor B Vendor A

Mix and Match

• Optimizes Performances & Cost by • Requires Vendors management to

• Allows selection of Best-in-Class • Management integration is a Must

• Flexible Grid Open Line System:

• Open, Disaggregated &

Optical Interface Specs

• Point-to-Point systems Node-level Specifications for key Optical and Control

• Terrestrial and Submarine Transmission Products are Converging

• Innovation Pace for WDM Interfaces is not sustainable by Submarine-only Vendors