Urbanisation –

Problems & Remedies

GS-I
By
Jayendra Walunj

Jayendra Walunj Sir 9970717832

Meaning of Urbanisation
• Becoming Urban

• Moving to cities

• Changing from agriculture to other pursuits common to cities

- Trade, Manufacturing, Industry, Management etc.

• Corresponding changes of behaviour patterns

Jayendra Walunj Sir 9970717832

 Definition

“Urbanisation is the process of expansion in the entire system

of interrelationships by in the size of towns and cities leading
to growth of urban population.” (Hawley)

Jayendra Walunj Sir 9970717832

Urban and Urbanism
Urban –

1. Demographic (Population size & density, Nature of work of majority

of adults )

2. Social (Heterogeneity, impersonality, interdependence and quality of

life)

Urbanism – Patterns of culture and social interaction resulting from

concentration of large population into relatively small areas.

(Complex division of labour, level of technology, high mobility, economic

interdependence, social organisation, attitudes, ideas)
Jayendra Walunj Sir 9970717832
Criteria for Town (1961 GoI)
• Minimum population - 5000
• Density – 1000 per square mile
• 3/4th non agriculture occupations
• Characteristics – Industrial area, large housing settlements, civic
amenities
• Taxation Paying population
• Capital accumulation
• Technology use

Jayendra Walunj Sir 9970717832

 Urban Agglomeration

Two or more towns may also be contagious to each other, such

towns with their outgrowths have been treated as one urban
unit called urban agglomeration

Jayendra Walunj Sir 9970717832

Some concepts
• Over Urbanisation – Increased exemplification of the characters of urbanisation in a city or its
surrounding rural area (Sub-urbanisation).
(Population growth in an urban area which outstrips its job market and the capacity of its
infrastructure; ‘urbanization without industrialization’ ...)

• Under-Urbanisation - Under-urbanization, defined as the achievement of a high industrial growth

without a parallel growth of urban population, can be plausibly viewed as a typical phenomenon
of socialist economies and is widely recognized in the special case of China.

• Hidden urbanization, a related concept refers to urbanization that is not captured in official
statistics, often on the peripheries of major cities’.

• Messy urbanization 'refers to the proliferation of urban sprawl and slums

Jayendra Walunj Sir 9970717832

Hidden Urbanisation in India

Jayendra Walunj Sir 9970717832

Social Effects of Urbanisation in India
• Family and Kinship
• Urbanisation and Caste
• Urbanisation and Status women
• Urbanisation and Rural life
• Urban Politics

Jayendra Walunj Sir 9970717832

Problems of Urbanisation
• Housing and Slums
• Over Crowding
• Water Supply and Drainage Sanitation
• Transportation and Traffic
• Power shortage
• Pollution

Jayendra Walunj Sir 9970717832

Initiatives to address problems of
Urbanisation

Jayendra Walunj Sir 9970717832

Initiatives to address problems of
Urbanisation

Jayendra Walunj Sir 9970717832

Jayendra Walunj Sir 9970717832
Road Map to Sustainable Urbanisation

Jayendra Walunj Sir 9970717832

Do Refer

Jayendra Walunj Sir 9970717832

Do Refer

Jayendra Walunj Sir 9970717832

Jayendra Walunj Sir 9970717832