Azhari 2022 J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2193 012014

Journal of Physics: Conference Series
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ICOSTA 2021 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2193 (2022) 012014 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2193/1/012014
Design of room capacity measurement and body temperature

detection based on atmega328 microcontroller
Azhari1,3*, Hertika Marbun1, Rahmi Karolina2,3, Lukman Hakim1,3

1
Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas
Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara,
Indonesia
3
Integrated Research Laboratory, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
*E-mail: azhari@usu.ac.id
Abstract. The outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid 19) cases that occurred from 2020
until now limits the current maximum allowed room capacity, which is only around 25% to 50%
of the maximum room capacity. The purpose of this study is to design a device that can detect
temperature and limit room capacity automatically as an effort to prevent the transmission of the
covid 19 virus. In designing a room capacity measuring device and an atmega328
microcontroller-based body temperature detector with a viewer on an android smartphone. The
ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 is used to measure the capacity of the room to determine the number
of people entering and leaving. Then this tool also uses the MLX90614 sensor to detect the body
temperature of everyone who wants to enter with the temperature conditions below 38oC. When
both sensors have worked according to their functions, the doorstop can be opened. The results
of the data obtained on each sensor will be sent to the microcontroller as a control center on a
system so that it can be displayed on the LCD and using an additional device, namely esp8266
as a wifi communication module. After testing it can be concluded that the tool works well. The
comparison of the results of the MLX90614 sensor with a standard tool. The data obtained is
quite accurate with maximum error only 2.2% with the comparison tool.
1. Introduction
Health is an important aspect of human existence. The vital indicators such as blood pressure, body
temperature, respiratory rate, and pulse/heart rate are widely recognized in the medical field. Especially
during the outbreak of the Corona virus disease 2019 (Covid 19) Pandemic, rural residents need a more
effective and affordable way of personal health care monitoring system using arduino uno
microcontroller which functions as a control center for all sensors [1],[2] . The room is one of the places
that is used by everyone in carrying out activities or in doing something where there is an interaction
relationship between each other, for example in a lecture classroom, seminar room or others. However,
the current room is very less used, especially for students because of an outbreak of Covid 19 cases in
Indonesia that occurred from 2020 until now so that the current maximum room capacity is only 50%
of the existing capacity. Covid 19 is a disease that almost occurs in various parts of the world, especially
in Indonesia is a country geographically located between 6o NL – 11o SL and 95o EL – 141o WL [3]. So
that government policies in Indonesia regulate the existence of a lockdown or physical distancing in
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution
of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1
various cities to prevent the corona virus and carry out an online activity system at their respective
homes.
The SARS Cov-2 pandemic has affected more than 200 million people worldwide resulting in more
than 4 million deaths [4]. There are so many impacts that have arisen due to Covid 19 on various aspects
of people's lives, ranging from economic disruption, disruption of social activities and stopping the
learning system in schools or face-to-face lectures by establishing online learning. Therefore, the
government changed the policy again by carrying out a new normal system where everyone can be given
access to active activities again with restrictions and must establish physical distancing to avoid crowds
of everyone and comply with health protocols in preventing the Corona virus. Handling Covid 19 with
this physical distancing system is realized so that every community is able to follow and implement
these policies properly according to their capacity and role.
Temperature is a measure of the average heat in objects, so temperature is defined as the amount of
heat energy of particles in some space and substance. Because it is an average measurement, the
temperature depends on the size and number of particles of the object. The inside of the body will
constantly compare and react to the difference in temperature between itself and its surroundings [5].
The body temperature of a normal human body is generally around 37°C or 98.6°F, if humans do not
suffer from fever. Body temperature plays an important role in important systems of the human body
[6]. In general, body temperature is a requirement in entering a building, be it an office or a shopping
center. This is due to the high risk of contracting and spreading the virus. At the entrance to any city,
workplace, mall and hospital gate, temperature check and maximum room capacity. As a result, a smart
entry device that automatically monitors human body temperature and detects the number of people
present in a room. Advanced ideas are used in this system approach, which is a combination of all three
including temperature detection, number of people, and mask detection [7]. Another research is a
wireless temperature monitoring system of vital signs such as the patient's body and pulse in real time
[8].
At this time there are several uses of temperature sensors and microcontrollers including reducing
electricity wastage, saving lives, reducing the percentage of accidents and reducing waste of electrical
equipment [9]. Technological developments are now so sophisticated, therefore people have various
ideas or ways to prevent Covid 19. One of which is making a design in a room by measuring the capacity
of people who can enter with the provision of a limited number of people, in order to maintain physical
distancing from each other and will simultaneously detect the body temperature of everyone who wants
to enter the room. This is more related to the learning system of students to be more active face to face
in the classroom to reduce the online learning system.
Industrial automation systems play an important role in controlling several process related
operations. Due to the application of various industrial networks with their geographical distribution
over the industry, the floor data transfer and control capabilities are becoming more sophisticated and
the need for a reliable, fast and high-level communication network can be met by the Network
Controlling Area [10]. The working concept of making this system uses ultrasonic sensors that help to
determine everyone who enters and leaves then the capacity limit of people entering the room will be
controlled. Ultrasonically sends data to the microcontroller to process how many people enter. The
microcontroller used is the Atmega328 microcontroller. Then the sensor that will be used is the
MLX90614 sensor to detect the body temperature of everyone who wants to enter and will be sent to
the microcontroller for processing. The resulting output will be displayed on the LCD in the form of the
number of arrivals of each person who enters and displays the body temperature of a person who has
been detected. The MLX90614 sensor can detect the temperature of objects with a distance of 5-10 cm,
so that if the distance between objects is detected, the temperature results obtained will be less accurate.
Then it will also be added to the android display using wifi on the esp8266 module so that everyone can
more easily find out remotely how many people have entered the room according to the provisions of
the person's capacity and know the person's body temperature, so that it can be known remotely by
connecting to the wifi connected internet smartphone.
2
2. Methods
2.1. System Block Diagram

To simplify system design, we need a block diagram of the system in which each block has a specific
function and way of working. The block diagram of the designed system is as follows:
Figure 1. Block Diagram System
In Figure 1, it can be explained how the tool is designed, there is an ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04
which is in front of the door to detect the arrival of someone who will enter the room. Then there is an
MLX90614 sensor that has been installed to detect the body temperature of everyone who wants to enter
the room. To enter the room provided that a person's body temperature has to below 38oC. Then the
reading value or process obtained from the ultrasonic sensor in detecting the arrival of people who want
to enter the room is sent to a microcontroller that has been set through instructions that have been made
to be displayed on the LCD. The microcontroller has been controlled by limiting the provisions on the
capacity of people who can enter the room. . When the ultrasonic sensor HCSR04 and sensor MLX90614
have detected based on their working system, the doorstop will open automatically. Then this tool
system also adds to the android display with a wifi communication process to more easily display body
temperature and the number of people who have entered according to the specified capacity. So that it
can be known remotely or outside the room by activating wifi.
2.2. Component Design
2.2.1. ATMega328 Microcontroller Circuit Design. This circuit is the control center of the entire system
on a device that is made. This circuit uses ATMega328 as the center of data processing, all programs
are loaded in the memory of this IC so that the circuit can run as desired.
3
Figure 2. ATmega328 Microcontroller Circuit
2.2.2. Power Supply Circuit Design. The power supply circuit serves as the main voltage source of the
tool to be made. Many types of power supplies are available. Most of these devices are designed to
convert AC power supply voltages to lower voltages for electronic circuits. The power supply can be
divided into several blocks, each of which has a specific purpose [11]. In order for the tool to be used,
it requires a power supply that provides power to the entire circuit. Sensors, displays and
microcontrollers use 5V DC voltage to work. For this reason, a power supply system has been built that
has a 5V DC output. The power supply circuit utilizes a voltage from PLN of 220 V AC and 10 VAC.
Furthermore, the voltage will be rectified by the diode so that the AC voltage is converted into a DC
voltage. The power supply circuit with an output of 5 VDC can be seen in Figure 3.
Figure 3. Power supply design
2.2.3. ATmega328 Circuit Design with Ultrasonic Sensor. The HCSRO4 ultrasonic sensor is capable
of detecting distances without direct touch with high accuracy and stable readings. So that in the
manufacture of this ultrasonic tool will work in detecting the arrival of someone who will enter or leave
a room. Ultrasonic sensors are already available ultrasonic wave transmitter and receiver modules.
Figure 4. ATmega328 circuit with HCSRO4
2.2.4. ATmega328 Circuit Design with MLX90614 Sensor. This MLX90614 sensor is an infrared
thermometer that is used to measure temperature without coming into contact with objects. Therefore
the sensor output data does not need to be converted and this sensor can use the I2C serial
4
communication protocol which is connected to the ATmega328 via 2 analog pins. The ATmega328
circuit with the MLX90614 sensor can be seen in Figure 5.
Figure 5. ATMega328 circuit with MLX90614
2.2.5. ATmega328 Circuit Design with LCD. Liquid crystal display (LCD) is an electronic component
that functions as a display of data, either characters, letters or graphics. In this tool the LCD will display
the efficiency value obtained from sensor measurements. The value that appears on the LCD display
will be controlled by the ATmega328 Microcontroller. The following in Figure 6 is a series of LCD.
Figure 6. ATmega328 circuit with LCD
2.2.6. ATmega328 Circuit Design with Servo Motor. Servo motor is a motor that is able to work in two
directions, namely clockwise or clock wise (CW) and counter-clockwise or counter clock wise (CCW)
where the direction and angle of movement of the motor can be controlled. The servo motor functions
as a motor controller to open and close the bar in front of the room door. So that when the object's body
temperature has been detected by the MLX90614 sensor with the provisions of normal temperature and
room capacity is still sufficient, the bar will open automatically. The following in Figure 7 is a series of
servo motors.
5
Figure 7. ATmega328 circuit with servo motor
2.2.7. ATmega328 Circuit Design with Buzzer. Buzzer is an electronic component that converts
electrical vibrations into sound vibrations. This buzzer is used as an indicator when an object has been
read. When the MLX90614 sensor has detected the object's body temperature, the buzzer will
automatically sound. Then the buzzer will continue to work automatically when the ultrasonic sensor
has detected people entering or leaving the room. The following figure 8 is a series of buzzers.
Figure 8. ATmega328 Circuit with Buzzer
2.2.8. Overall Circuit Design Tool. In designing system to measure room capacity and to detect body
temperature based on the ATmega328 microcontroller was used by two sensors, MLX90614
temperature sensor and the HCSR04 ultrasonic sensor. The function of the MLX90614 sensor is to
detect a person's temperature without physical contact. This sensor will work by absorbing infrared rays
emitted by the object. While the ultrasonic sensor serves to detect the presence of someone who is in
front of it. This ultrasonic sensor will work to detect everyone who enters a room.
Active components that help design this system include the ATmega328 microcontroller,
MLX90614 temperature sensor, HCSR04 ultrasonic sensor, servo motor and buzzer. If both sensors
have detected an object at a close distance, the servo motor will automatically open the door. Then the
buzzer will emit a sound as a sign that it has been detected automatically. Then it is added also to use
the android display via wifi connected to the internet on a smartphone. All systems have been processed
and controlled using a microcontroller. The following figure 9 is a series of the whole system.
6
Figure 9. Overall System Circuit

2.2.9. Flowchart. In making the system, it produces a flowchart as follows:
Figure 10. Flowchart System
The method starts from reading the body temperature of the person who wants to enter. If the body
temperature is less than 38oC then the door will open and then the system will calculate the sum of the
maximum capacity of the room. If it is past the room capacity, the door will not open. If someone exits
through the exit, the data from the number of people in the room will automatically decrease.
7
3. Result and discussion
3.1. Analysis of Measurement Results

The analysis of the results aims to determine the performance and the system that has been designed
whether it is as expected or not. Measurements are carried out by the direct method by comparing the
value of the standard tool with the value of the tool that has been made. The comparison of the tools
used in measuring body temperature, namely a thermogun with a temperature sensor MLX90614 so that
the body temperature between the thermogun and the sensor used will be known. This test is carried out
by taking several experiments to detect each person's body temperature. The measurement results can
be seen in the following table.
Table 1 shows the result of data collection obtained from the tools that have been made. From the
table, it can observe the error rate obtained, to test for errors that occur when calculating the value at the
temperature that has been detected so that it takes some data to determine the accuracy of the designed
system, the more data that is processed, the more visible the error rate that occurs from the designed
tool. Measurements were made to find accuracy in detecting each person's body temperature by
comparing the tests on the finished tool with a comparison, namely the Thermogun. Results comparison
of temperature detectors (thermogun) with measurements on the tool can be seen in the following table.
Table 1. Comparison results of thermogun and measurement on tool
initial object measurement of measurement of Error
thermogun (ºC) MLX90614 ( ºC ) (%)
A 35.9 35.1 2.2
B 36.9 36.2 1.9
C 36.7 35.9 2.1
D 35.8 35.1 1.9
E 36.1 35.3 2.2
Table 1 describes a measurement carried out by the direct method to determine the validation of
the MLX90614 sensor with a thermogun. The measurement method is that the sensor will detect the
body temperature of a person who is in front of the sensor, as well as for measuring the temperature on
the thermogun based on that distance.
Table 2. Validation of MLX90614 and thermogun measurements based on a person's distance
distance sensor of thermogun
(cm) MLX90614 (ºC) (ºC)
1 35.8 36.2
2 35.5 36.2
3 35.0 35.9
4 34.3 35.5
5 33.4 35.0
From the Table 2, the experiment in detecting a person's body temperature, which proves that
the MLX90614 sensor and the thermogun in detecting body temperature have an effect on the distance
of the person. The MLX90614 sensor is able to detect up to a distance of 5 cm. If it exceeds that distance,
the sensor will be difficult to detect the temperature of each person. However, in order to be better at
knowing the temperature, it is hoped that in detecting the temperature at a close distance so that a
person's temperature is more effectively known.
8
3.2. Tool Physical Drawing

Figure 11 shows the overall system test display:
(a) (b)
Figure 11. Device Display on LCD and Android Smartphone
In Figure 11, part (a) is the design of the temperature and room capacity detection system that
has been made. From the picture it can be seen that when a person's temperature is less than 38 oC, the
entrance door will open and the room capacity will decrease by 1. If someone comes out of the room
through the exit, the number of people capacity will automatically decrease by 1. In Figure 11 part (b)
can be seen the display of the smartphone screen that shows the number of people in the room, the
temperature of the person when entering the room, and the temperature around the room.
4. Conclusion
The ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 works well in detecting the arrival of someone at the door. The
ultrasonic wave will count everyone who enters as well. When they leave and then the exit will open,
so the number of people entering will automatically decrease with the number of people who have left.
In limiting the capacity of people entering the room, it is regulated through a microcontroller as the
control center of the system. The purpose of capacity is limited to preventing the spread of covid 19
through physical distancing by reducing the number of people entering so that activities in the room.
The MLX90614 sensor works in detecting a person's body temperature without contact with objects
through infrared rays captured by the sensor. This sensor is connected to a microcontroller, so that when
the sensor has detected the results on the sensor will be sent to the microcontroller provided that the
person's body temperature is normal (< 38oC) then the latch will open.
References
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Temperature and Pulse Rate Monitoring System,” pp. 161–166, 2021.
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[5] M. Z. Bin Shamsudin, “Design And Implementation Of Temperature Monitoring Using Zigbee
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applications,” Mater. Today Proc., 2020.
Acknowledgment
The author would like to thank the UPT Integrated Research Laboratory which has provided the facilities
for completing this research.
10

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

PAPER • OPEN ACCESS You may also like

- An Electronic Glove-A Boon to the Deaf

This content was downloaded from IP address 103.111.140.51 on 19/02/2022 at 07:44

Design of room capacity measurement and body temperature

Azhari1,3*, Hertika Marbun1, Rahmi Karolina2,3, Lukman Hakim1,3

2.1. System Block Diagram

Figure 1. Block Diagram System

2.2. Component Design

Figure 2. ATmega328 Microcontroller Circuit

Figure 3. Power supply design

Figure 4. ATmega328 circuit with HCSRO4

Figure 5. ATMega328 circuit with MLX90614

Figure 6. ATmega328 circuit with LCD

Figure 7. ATmega328 circuit with servo motor

Figure 8. ATmega328 Circuit with Buzzer

Figure 9. Overall System Circuit

Figure 10. Flowchart System

3. Result and discussion

3.1. Analysis of Measurement Results

3.2. Tool Physical Drawing

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