ARDUINO-BASED CLOTHESLINE WITH ROOTED ORIGAMI AND SENSOR

SYSTEM (ACROSS)

A Proposal presented to the Faculty of Science Department

Camarines Sur National High School

In partial fulfillment of the requirements in Research 9

By;

Marcelle Dominique R. Caroche

Gabriel B. Delos Reyes

Hans Emmanuel A. Federis

Aaron Miguel P. Hidalgo

Ezekiel I. Labrador

Tashaena A. Rañada

Christian B. Rojano

AMANTE T. AMA, MS

Research Adviser

2019
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

All places in the world, experience weather every day in all its wonderful variety.

Most of the time it is familiar, yet it never repeats exactly. Thus, weather is described by such

elements as temperature, air pressure, humidity, cloudiness, precipitation of various kinds,

and winds [1]. For many areas on Earth the weather changes are becoming manifest through

changes in the frequency and the intensity of extreme unpredictable weather events [2].

Nowadays it’s difficult to predict the changes in season especially during rainy season. In

rainy season it’s very rare to get exposed sun rays to dry our clothes but how it possible to

make our clothes to expose to sun rays as soon as it available [3].

Traditionally, the drying of clothes has taken place outdoors with the drying rate

enhanced by the wind and the sun. It could be outdoors, however, depends on the weather

conditions. Clothesline hanging remains the vastly predominant method of clothes/textile

drying around the globe [4]. The drying rate is increased and the drying time is shortened

with lower inlet air relative humidity. A study by Beiron & Brunzell (2005) showed that a

significantly lowered power supply will result in a process consuming less energy, however,

the drying time is then increased. It would be an advantage to have a control strategy to adjust

the power supply to the heater, according to climate and drying load [5]. Significantly, there

were main building components that were used in the construction of this certain device such

as; humidity sensor, heater, and turbines.

Wireless sensor networks have become an integral part of any developing country as

it is being used nowadays as the primary monitoring system in various applications [6].

Humidity measurement is one of the most significant issues in various areas of applications

such as instrumentation, automated systems, agriculture, climatology and GIS. It is known

that humidity plays a significant role in every part of the Earth in biology and automated

industrial processes. To have a desirable surrounding atmosphere, it is essential to monitor,

detect and control the ambient humidity under different conditions ranging from low

temperature to high or in mixtures with other gases by precise and provident sensors [7]. By

using humidity sensor, it determines the amount of water vapor present in a gas that can be a

mixture, such as air, or a pure gas, such as nitrogen or argon detected that can help to make

the device work [8]. On the other, hydropower provides about 96 percent of the renewable

energy in the United States. Other renewable resources include geothermal, wave power, tidal

power, wind power, and solar power. Hydroelectric power comes from flowing water,

making the flowing water from raindrops power the device [9]. Room heaters are convenient

appliances that provide focused and localized heat which is particularly suitable in a room for

people that are elderly, ill or with limited mobility. But it can be expensive. It consume a lot

of gas or electricity if used to heat up a space quickly, and are likely to cost a lot more than a

central heating system [10]. However, the heater that will be used in the device will have a

low cost due to the use of hydroelectric power as an alternative source of electricity.

1.1. Definition of Terms

Arduino.

It is the system or the main controller of the device. It can also program or control the

humidity sensor of the device

Clothesline.

The main structure of the device used in the experiment.

Humidity Sensor.

A device that detects and measures the water vapor

.Hydroelectricity.

The power used to generate electricity for the heater.

 Heater.

It is used to dry the clothes inside the clothes line.

Origami.

The folding mechanism on the clothesline.

Turbine.

The passage way of the water that can get through the improvised water mill.

1.2. Statement of the Problem

The researcher needs to determine on how the main components of Arduino-based

Clothesline Rooted Origami with Sensor System will function to the society. The study also

requires to identify economic benefits that the consumers can get based from the device. The

researchers aim to determine also the extent of acceptance in relation to the effectiveness to

local manufacturers and consumers.

1.3. Hypotheses

Null Hypothesis (Ho): There is a significant difference between the means of the “Arduino-

based Clothesline with Rooted Origami and Sensor System” from an Ordinary Clothesline.

Alternative Hypothesis (Ha): There is no significant difference between the means of

“Arduino-based Clothesline with Rooted Origami and Sensor System” from an Ordinary

Clothesline.

1.4. Objectives of the Study

The main objective of this study is:

1. The objective of this study is to innovate the clothes lines products existing in the

market that people use when hanging clothes after washing them.
 2. The device purpose is to help the people and to have a more significant machine that

will function without the help of human action.

3. The researcher intended to build a functioning device that could replace the work for

human being in times when they are not around and no time for monitoring their

hanged clothes.

1.5. Significance of the study

 For the Society- The device can develop and implement a clothes line system which

protects the clothes automatically by detecting rain without the need of human beings.

 For the Housewives- The device can help the housewives to dry clothes even if it is

raining. It will dry the clothes without any foul odor stock on clothes.

 For the Maids- The device can help the maids to make the work a lot easier in terms of

drying clothes.

1.6. Scope and Limitations

This study is only viable inside a family’s home. It is only for research purposes, this

cannot be implemented any place aside from the researcher’s. How this study is utilized

varies from the materials obtained.

 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1. Arduino-Based

A decade ago, working around electronics involved knowledge in physics and math,

expensive lab equipment, a laboratory type setup and important of all, love for electronics.

But the picture has changed over the decade or so where the above-mentioned factors became

irrelevant to work around electronics except for the last part: love for electronics. One such

product that changes the view and platform of electronics is called “Arduino” [11].

Arduino is an open source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-

use hardware and software (called sketch). It is intended for artists, designers, hobbyists and

anyone interested in creating interactive objects or environments.

Arduino UNO is a board based on ATmega328 microcontroller. It consists of 14

digital input/output pins, six analogue inputs, a USB connection for programming the on-

board microcontroller, power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It is operated with a

16MHz crystal oscillator and contains everything needed to support the microcontroller. It is

very easy to use as the user simply needs to connect it to a computer with a USB cable or

power it with an AC-to-DC adaptor or battery to get started. The microcontroller on the board

is programmed using Arduino programming language and Arduino development environment

[12].

In Journal 1 which is the, Arduino Security Management for Controlling Theft Using

Arduino Uno they used Arduino-Based to provide security to control theft and giving alert to

the owner when there is a break in, using Bluetooth. Total system shutdown option is
activated using this application. Such security systems gives service at low cost compared to

the cost of the available security systems [11].

In Journal 2, Arduino-Based was used in the title Arduino Build a signal system with

Arduino Microcontrollers whereas in the DCC System. The arduino powers up and its

executing its code before the DCC systems power up. The signals are live as soon as I flip the

switch. Note that this system is entirely stand alone, it doesn’t tie into the DCC system [12].

Whereas in Journal 3 the title is Arduino Macrocontroller Based Heart Rate Monitor

Using Fingertip Sensors, arduino microcontroller was used to construct a medical a device

that can perform non-invasive method and calculate heart rate of a person. Heart Rate

Monitor (HRM), infrared light emitting diode, and principle reflactance plethysmography

(PPG) was also used. By this principle, a portable heart rate device using Arduino

microcrontroller was developed [13].

Proceeding in Journal 4 entitled A survey on Various Home Automation System and

Security, in this case they used an Idea about Arduino in a survey which tells about A Survey

on Various Home Automation Systems and Security focuses in surveying various kind of

techniques for home automation systems. They consider different parameters like efficiency

of working, controllers used [14].

Whereas in Journal 5 entitled, Working Principle of arduino and using it as a tool for

study and research talks about that this study highlight the complex mental operations

involved when transferring the two-dimensional representation of the origami. The

verbalizations reflect a typical order of steps: reading-reformulating-reconceptualising-

evaluating. It involves interpreting spatial descriptions. [15].

For Journal 6 entitled, Automatic Access Control System using Arduino and RFID, in

this study it was about the potential uses of Arduino and RFID in making the control system

device for security purposes. The device that was built to determine the user whether the
person is authorized or unauthorized. This study is beneficial to prevent unauthorized persons

in the environment [16].

Whereas in Journal 7 entitled, Smart Home Automation: A Literature Review this

study is about automation that uses different controller such as Arduino specifically the

microcontroller. It would be very beneficial in security needs and has less cost expenses for

the owner [17].

For Journal 8 entitled, Arduino based Wireless Intrusion Detection Using IR Sensor

and GSM, discussed about the use of Arduino-based programming that detects and prevents

any unauthorized human intrusion in a particular area [18].

Whereas in Journal 9 entitled, Arduino Microcontroller Based Rate Monitor Using

Fingertips Sensors, This study develop a portable device that records the heart of a person. It

detects the electronic signal of the heart and computes the heart rate in beats per minute. The

Arduino Board, read the sensor output and compute the beats per minute and automatically

display the heart rate.

For Journal 10, A Continuous Health Monitoring System for Photo voltaic Array

Using Arduino Microcontroller, This study monitors the health status of the PV panels in the

array with the use of Arduino and it can be rectified. It proposed to implement a MATLAB

Simulation and it also monitors system for 2 x 2 PV array.

Whereas in Journal 11 entitled, Arduino Based Photovore Robot, This study design a

robot which can be controlled using a light. It gives a sensor circuit that is used in the robot.

The Arduino board is used in making the robot. It focuses in detecting the most easily source

in our planet. It has the capability of detecting the solar energy.

For Journal 12 entitled, Arduino Based Weather Monitoring Telemetry System Using

NRF24LO1+, this study develops a weather monitoring system that can transmit the weather
via radio frequency. The Arduino Uno is the main controller which sends data wirelessly. It

transmits the weather data via radio wave.

The primary implication is that you cannot modify the information stored in program.

You'll also take a (very small) performance hit as the string needs to be copied 1 byte at a

time. Wear-out of the FLASH isn't a (primary) concern since in order to make changes to

your program you'd have to re-program the FLASH anyway. Simply the function is just a

macro so its use is somewhat limited. This further implies that even technology has its

specific role to play, anything can alter the information and anyone can able to manipulate the

data. Since most of the above journals indicate its functions and advantages human can

always intervene or interact with technology. Furthermore, it is dependent on human

manipulation on technology.

2.2. Humidity Sensor

Humidity describes the amount of water vapor in the air [11]. One of the ways that is

applicable on measuring it is by using that is called “Humidity Sensor”. A humidity sensor

(or hygrometer) senses, measures and reports both moisture and air temperature. The ratio of

moisture in the air to the highest amount of moisture at a particular air temperature is called

relative humidity. Relative humidity becomes an important factor, when looking for comfort.

Humidity sensors work by detecting changes that alter electrical currents or temperature in

the air. There are three basic types of humidity sensors: capacitive, resistive and thermal. All

three types of sensors monitor minute changes in the atmosphere in order to calculate the

humidity in the air [12].

According on the varied journals, they have opposed objectives though they used

humidity sensor as a device and as an idea related on their study.

 In Journal 1, entitled Study and Development of Temperature & Humidity monitoring

system through Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) using Zigbee, in this study the researchers

talk more about wireless sensor network that eliminate the hazards associated with the wiring

systems and humidity sensor to make data measurement and monitoring process much easier

and cost effective and carried out on online measurement and monitoring of reaction

chamber, furnace etc, which is to be measured in the industries [13].

Whereas in Journal 2 entitled, Chemical Interference Test Results of a Novel Humidity

Sensor shows that the Humidity Sensor been developed to cope with chemical interference. It

shows significantly lower measurement error in most of the test environment compared to the

reference sensors [14].

For Journal 3 entitled, Humidity Sensor A humidity-controlled fast integrated mobility

spectrometer (HFIMS) for rapid measurements of particle hygroscopic growth, shows that

the humidity sensor spectrometer was used in the study for measurement purposes. To further

summarize the researchers present a humidity-controlled fast integrated mobility

spectrometer (HFIMS) for rapid particle hygroscopic measurements [15].

Whereas n Journal entitled, Enhance Moisture-Reactive Hydrophilic-PTFE-Based

Flexible Humidity Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring, this study proposed a hyrophilic

polytetrafluoroethylene (H-PTFE)-based flexible humidity sensor integrate with a readout

cicuity. It enhances its sensitivity, and creates a strong linearity and produce a relatively free

hysteris. It also proved that there is a high mechanical flexibility of the humidity sensor using

the cycling bending test [16].

For journal 5 entitled Energy Efficiency and Cost Assessment of Humidity Control

Options for Residential Buildings, this study have a detailed simulation model was developed

in TRNSYS to accurately predict energy use and space humidity levels for the wide variety
of space-conditioning system. The humidity control requires separating dehumidifier or an

air-conditioner system that provide dehumidification without a sensible cooling [17].

Whereas in Journal 6 entitled, Uncertainly Analysis of Two Types of Humidity Sensors

by a Humidity Generator with a Divided-Flow System, in this study a self-made divided-flow

generator was established to calibrate two types of electrical humidity sensors. The standard

reference humidity was calculated to measure the dew-point temperature and air dry-bulb

temperature. The self-made divide-flow generator can be easily applied in research

laboratories [18].

For Journal 7 entitled, Humidity control of an incubator using the micro-controller-

based active humidifier system employing an ultrasonic nebulizer, in this study the humidity

levels were controlled and measured. The temperature is one of the control parameters not

affected by the humidifying processes. This study used an integrated circuit-type humidity

sensor to measure the humidity level. It is possible a high level of for therapeutic purposes in

medicine [19].

Whereas in Journal 8 entitled, Humidity Sensors Principle, Mechanism, and

Fabrication Technologies: A Comprehensive Review, in this study it was a comprehensive

analysis about the various areas applications of Humidity sensors such as the principles,

mechanism and Fabrication technologies. The significant of the study is to further more

understand the performance and characteristics of humidity sensor [20].

This implies that the instrument performance is determined by all the elements of the

chain and not by the sensor alone. The sensor and associated electronics cannot be considered

separately. Any factor that can disturb the chain process of measurement is bound to have an

effect on instrument performance. Errors may occur such as systematic and random
 This further implies that errors are predictable and repeatable both in magnitude and

sign. Errors resulting from a nonlinearity of the instrument or from temperature affect its

function. Since errors are not fully predictable because they are essentially dependent on

factors external to the instrument.

2.3. Origami

In terms of artworks and creativity many people was inspired creating, it was such an

amazing thing for decorating, entertainment and other activities and it was called, “Origami”.

Origami is the craft art of folding paper into shapes and sculptures [21]. The word origami

from Japanese oru to fold” and kami “paper” has become the generic description of this art

form, although some European historians feel it places undue weight on the Japanese origins

of an art that may well have developed independently around the world [22].

Based on the researcher’s idea, it is one of the major principle which is “folding” in

the research study. Thus this principle plays a very important role since the study focuses in

automation of folding of the raincoat. The researchers picked 5 journals about origami as a

guide and review of the researcher’s final research study.

The principles of origami which is has a concept term “folding been applied often in

the different studies and literatures.

In Journal 1 entitled, Conceptual Transformation and Cognitive Processes in Origami

Paper Folding to further discuss, it talks about the study highlight and the complex mental

operations involved when transferring the two-dimensional representation of the origami. The

verbalizations reflect a typical order of steps: reading-reformulating-conceptualizing-

evaluating. It involves interpreting spatial descriptions [23].

Whereas in Journal 2 entitled, Foldscope: Origami-Based Paper Microscope, this

study proposed a low cost. It uses the merging principles origami and an optical design in a
microscope. The structural loops in folded paper provide kinematic constraints for passive

self-alignment. It is used as a portable microscope in science [24].

For Journal 3 entitled, Molecular ping-pong Game of Life on a two-dimensional DNA

origami array, the study implies that many DNA technologies can construct as a

compartments but the most applicable technology method is DNA nanotechnology. The

researcher used the idea of origami structures combining with DNA motifs resulting of

artificial biomimetic compartments and transport systems [25].

Whereas in Journal 4 entitled, Performance Investigation of the Novel Solar-Powered

dehumidification window for Residential buildings, this study further discuss about the two

windows which are the solar powered dehumidification window (SPDW) combines with a

conventional double-glazed building window with some other components. The two windows

dehumidify the air and moisture from the buildings specifically residential buildings, as a

result, it produces solar energy and the one other component which is the photovaltaic panel

was used to compensate electricity [26].

For Journal 5 entitled, Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical nano-

immunesensing using origami paperbased method this study further implies about the

application of nanomaterials as signal amplification elements on origami paper-based electro-

analytical devices for immune biomarkers detection with a brief introduction about various

fabrication techniques and designs, biological and detection methods [27].

This mean that the most fascinating thing about origami, compared to other arts, is

that it is always about a singular piece of paper.  It wasn’t added to or taken away from. 

What is more is the ultimate challenge of origami being the continued pursuit of the infinite

possibilities of what one flat square can become. This further implies that though the film

goes even deeper than that and touches on the powerful implications that the mathematics of

origami is having on science,  industrial design, and even pharmaceutical research.

 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

Planning of the project

Acquisition of Materials

Construction of device

Building the main structure of the Programming of Arduino Codes

device

Testing of the device

Fig.1. Flow chart representation of the individual process for the device.

For the Arduino based Clothesline rooted origami with sensor system, to reach its

main goal the researchers will plan on the design for their desired function and output for
their project. To attain the planned goals the researchers will be needing an Arduino-uno,

nylon, two servo motors, humidity sensor, funnel, improvised water mill, turbine, generator,

step-up transistors, heater, and resistors.

To construct the device two main steps will be needed first is programming the

Arduino-uno to enable the humidity sensor and two servo motors to run, by using the arduino

codes the controlling of the humidity sensor and servo motors is possible.

In building the main structure of the device much more complicated steps will be

executed. A cloths line must be constructed as the main body of the device. Then at the other

end of the device a funnel and improvised water mill will be inserted to generate electricity

for the heater and at the top servo motors arduino and humidity sensor will be placed for the

humidity sensor to receive more precise readings.

Fig. 2. Design of the device.

The above illustration shows the design that the researchers plan to construct. The

researchers will be using an actual cloths line, heater, servo motors, nylon, humidity sensor,
Improvised mill, and arduino-uno. The main function of the device is to detect the humidity

of the environment whether it is high or low and then a pushing mechanism somehow the

same to a pulley, will push the coiled nylon downwards covering the structure. Encase that

the rain suddenly fall a funnel will collect the rain drops and embed it inside it and pour it in

one direction. As the water coming from the funnel pours the improvised water mill will start

to rate turning the turbine on and generating small amount of electricity and then be increased

by a step-up transistor in higher voltage making the heater functional.

References:

[1] Kevin E. Trenberth, Kathleen Miller, Linda Mearns and Steven Rhodes, “EFFECTS OF

CHANGING CLIMATE ON WEATHER AND HUMAN ACTIVITIES” pp. 2, National

Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder, Colorado.

[2] P. Vellinga and W. J. van Verseveld, “Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events”, pp.

Universiteit Institute for Enviornmental Studies.

[3] Prabhakar Hegade, Sunil Nayak, Parashuram Alagundi, Kiran M R, “Automatic

Protection of

Clothes from Rain” International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and

Communication Engineering Vol. 5, Issue 4, April 2016.

[4] Guy Hoffman, Jeff Lieberman, “A Low-Cost Solid State Clothesline Alarm”, pp.1,

Cambridge, MA, U.S.A.

[5] Lena Brunzell, “Energy Efficient Textile Drying”, Karlstad University Studies 2006:61

ISSN

1403-8099 ISBN 91-7063-092-5.

[6] H. Tomer,K. Mangla, Study and Development of Temperature & Humidity monitoring

system, p.115-120, 2015.

[7] H. Farahani, R. Wagiran, M. Nizar Hamidon; Humidity Sensors Principle, Mechanism,

and

Fabrication Technologies: A Comprehensive Review; pp.7881-7939; 2014.

[8] Z. Chen, C. Lu Humidity Sensors: A Review of Materials and Mechanisms, Vol. 3, 274–

295,

2005.

[9] Hydroelectric Power, pp. 3-26, 2005.

[10] Centre for Sustainable Energy, Room Heaters, 2016.

[11] Deepika .S, Angeline M. Nisha; International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and

Innovation in Technology.

[12] Detlef Kurpanek. Kalmbach Publishing Co.

[13] Srilahari Namani et al., Saudi J. Eng. Technol., Vol-2, Iss-12 (Dec, 2017): 478-483.

[14] International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER) Volume

02,

Issue 12, [December-2015].

[15] Vaishnavi S. Gunge, Pratibha S. Yalagi, “Smart Home Automation: A Literature

Review”.,

(RTDM 2016).

[16] Orji EZ, Oleka CV, Nduaya UI, “Automatic Access Control System using Arduino and

RFID”, (JSER), 2018, 5(4):333-340.

[17] Vaishnavi S. Gunge, Pratibha S. Yalagi, Smart Home Automation: A Literature Review,

2016, pp. 6-8.

[18] Prakash Kunmar, Pradeep Kumar, Arduino Wireless Intrusion Detection Using IR

Sensor

and GSM, IJCSMC, Vol. 2, Issue. 5, May 2013, pg. 417-424.

[19] ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol.5, Issue 7, (part 2) July 2015, pp. 115-120.

[20] Vaisala Oyj, P.O Box 26, 00421 Helsinki, Finland.

[21] Brokhaven National Laboratory, NY 11973-5000, USA Aerosol Dynamics Inc.,

Berkley,

CA 94710, USA.

[22] Sunkook Kim, “Enhance Moisture-Reactive Hydrophilic-PTFE-Based Flexible

Humidity

Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring’, Sensors 2018, 18, 921.

[23] Henderson Jr, Hugh I.; Rudd, Armin; ASHRAE Transactions . 2014, Vol. 120 Issue 1,

p163-178. 16p. 9 Charts, 6 Graphs.

[24] Chiachung, “Uncertainly Analysis of Two Types of Humidity Sensors by a Humidity

Generator with a Divided-Flow System”, Sensors 2018, 18, 637.

[25] Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, Volume 26, Number 2, (March/April

2002),

pages 82-88.

[26] Hamid Farahani, “Humidity Sensors Principle, Mechanism, and Fabrication

Technologies:

A Comprehensive Review” Sensors 2014.

[27] Tenbrink & H.A. Taylor, docs.lib.purdue.edu/jps,T. Vol.8,2015.

[28] Cybulski JS,Clements J, Prakash M (2014) Foldscope: Origami-Based Paper

Microscope.
 PLoS One 9(6).

[29] Jonoska N, “Molecular ping-pong Game of Life on a two-dimensional DNA origami

array”,

Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2015 Jul 28; 373(2046).

[30] Zhangyuan Wang, “Performance Investigation of the Novel Solar-Powered

Dehumidification Window for Residential Buildings”, Energies 2017.

[31] Hasanzadeh M, “Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical nano-immunesensing using

origami paper based method”, Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2016.

Ezequel@yahoo.com