Republic of the Philippines

EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 1
College of Engineering

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

A greenhouse, often known as a glasshouse, is a structure created to shield delicate or out-of-

season plants from extreme cold or heat. The modern greenhouse is typically a framed glass or

plastic enclosure used to grow fruits, vegetables, flowers, and any other plants that need

specialized temperature conditions. A greenhouse receives heat in two ways: naturally from the

Sun's rays and artificially from the circulation of steam, hot water, or hot air. A greenhouse needs

some sort of ventilation system since it can get too hot or too cold. Typically, this comprises of

roof apertures that can be controlled manually or automatically and end-wall openings where

electric fans take air in and circulate it inside the greenhouse.

The term "Internet of Things" (IoT) refers to a network of physical objects, or "things," that

have sensors, software, and other technologies built into them to connect to and exchange data

with other systems and devices over the internet. IoT has emerged in recent years as one of the

most significant 21st-century technologies. Continuous communication between people,

processes, and things is now possible thanks to the ability to connect commonplace items—such

as household appliances, automobiles, thermostats, and baby monitors—to the internet via

embedded devices.
 Republic of the Philippines
EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2
College of Engineering

In this study, an automated greenhouse roof powered by solar energy and the Internet of

Things (IoT) is a system that regulates the temperature and humidity inside the green house, at

the same time can detect a heavy rain to prevent the plants from drowning. It has a roof that can

be automatically opened or closed to control the greenhouse's temperature while also sensing a

strong downpour to keep the plants from drowning. To gauge the temperature and humidity

within the greenhouse, a temperature and humidity sensor is employed to the microcontroller

which relayed the reading from the sensor. It also has watering system that includes ph level

sensor, NPK sensor, and soil moisture sensor-- all monitored and controlled by an IOT and

Arduino-based project. A watering system that can be monitored through LCD screen to

guarantee that the plants are properly irrigated, the soil ph is in balance, and the crops has the

level of nutrients the owner desires. A pH sensor, which has a range of 0 to 14, aids in

determining the water's acidity or alkalinity. NPK Soil Sensor makes it simple to determine the

nutrients present in the soil. To calculate how much extra nutrient content needs to be supplied to

the soil to boost crop fertility, the N, P, and K contents of the soil must be assessed. The amount

of water in the soil is measured or estimated by soil moisture sensors.

Due to the system's utilization of solarPROCESS

energy and contribution to the greenhouse's increased
A. Planning how
effectiveness, it is environmentally beneficial.to connect the
devices.
B. Designing the
greenhouse
miniature, the
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
diagram, and
the system.
C. Gathering the
INPUT data of the OUTPUT
plants needed
-Initial idea about for the SOLAR-
Automated greenhouse. POWERED IoT-
Greenhouse System D. Trial and error BASED
 Republic of the Philippines
EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 3
College of Engineering

FEEDBACK

Figure 1: Conceptual Model showing the Project Design

The figure 1 displays the conceptual framework this research has. This functional graph is

divided into three parts. First, is the INPUT that conveys the initial ideas the researchers have

and the new information the researchers gathered after done researching about the green house, it

also includes the research about the sensors and materials needed aside from sensors. The middle

part, which is the PROCESS, where the researchers conduct the designing and planning on how

the miniature of greenhouse will work. Also, the trial and error had done. For the last part, which
 Republic of the Philippines
EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 4
College of Engineering

is the OUTPUT, shows the finished project which is the Solar-Powered Iot-Based Greenhouse

Automated Roof for Temperature Control with Watering System.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

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EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 5
College of Engineering

The main purpose of this study is to create an IoT (Internet of Things)-based greenhouse

automated roof for temperature control with watering system that is powered through solar

energy.

GENERAL OBJECTIVES

The main objective of this research is to create an IoT (Internet of Things)-based solar

powered greenhouse automated roof for temperature control, with watering system to monitor

the soil and produce a healthier crop to help the farmers and gardeners.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This research aims to develop a solar-powered IoT-based greenhouse automated roof for

temperature control with watering system.

Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:

1. Who will profit from this project?

2. What are the benefits of implementing a solar-powered IoT-based greenhouse automated

roof to farmers/gardeners?
 Republic of the Philippines
EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF
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College of Engineering

3. How can a solar-powered IoT-based system improve the efficiency and effectiveness of

temperature control, ventilation, and watering in greenhouses?

4. How does the system control the temperature in the greenhouse?

5. In comparison to the traditional greenhouse system, how effective is the greenhouse

automated roof in terms of:

A. Functionality

B. Usability

C. Reliability

D. Efficiency

E. Maintainability
 Republic of the Philippines
EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF
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College of Engineering

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

SCOPE

The general intent of this study is to develop a greenhouse with an automated roof that

will helps in controlling the temperature, ventilation and watering system with the aid of LCD to

monitor the overall status inside the greenhouse. This research will use solar panel to generate

solar energy to promote clean and renewable energy coming from the naturally occurring sources

that are continuously supplied. In order to monitor the level of acidity in the soil the greenhouse

will also use a soil ph sensor, as well as an NPK sensor to monitor the nutrients of the soil.

DELIMITATION

It delimits that this project is only applicable for greenhouses, it can only apply to a

garden with an open space. The status of the plants’ health is not viewable and cannot be control

by LCD monitor. This greenhouse project has only few plants that can be planted.
 Republic of the Philippines
EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 8
College of Engineering

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research is made with the aim to provide a sustainable and efficient solution to

maintain optimal environmental conditions for plant growth while reducing energy consumption,

cost, and expected importance to the individual as follow:

Farmers:

The primary beneficiaries are farmers who use the greenhouse to grow crops. The

automated system allows them to control the temperature and water supply remotely, which can

help to optimize crop yields and reduce labor costs.

Consumers:

The use of such systems can help to increase the availability of fresh, locally grown

produce for consumers. The use of IoT-based sensors can also help to ensure that the crops are

grown without the use of harmful chemicals.

Environment:

The use of solar-powered systems can help to reduce the carbon footprint of greenhouse

farming, and the IoT-based sensors can help to optimize water usage and reduce waste.
 Republic of the Philippines
EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF
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Future Researchers:

Researchers can use data collected from these systems to study the effects of temperature

and water control on crop growth and to develop new technologies for improving greenhouse

farming practices.
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EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 10
College of Engineering

DEFINITION OF TERMS

DHT 11- The DHT11 is a basic, ultra-low-cost digital temperature and humidity sensor. It uses a

capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor to measure the surrounding air and spits out a digital

signal on the data pin (no analog input pins needed).

Rainwater Sensor - A rain sensor or rain switch is a switching device activated by rainfall.

There are two main applications for rain sensors. The first is a water conservation device

connected to an automatic irrigation system that causes the system to shut down in the event of

rainfall.

Ultrasonic Sensor - ultrasonic sensors measure distance by using ultrasonic waves. The sensor

head emits an ultrasonic wave and receives the wave reflected from the target. Ultrasonic

Sensors measure the distance to the target by measuring the time between the emission and

reception.

Soil Moisture Sensor - Soil moisture sensors measure the water content in the soil and can be

used to estimate the amount of stored water in the soil horizon. Soil moisture sensors do not

measure water in the soil directly. Instead, they measure changes in some other soil property that

is related to water content in a predictable way.

Servo Motor - A servomotor (or servo motor) is a rotary actuator or linear actuator that allows

for precise control of angular or linear position, velocity, and acceleration. It consists of a

suitable motor coupled to a sensor for position feedback. It also requires a relatively

sophisticated controller, often a dedicated module designed specifically for use with
 Republic of the Philippines
EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF
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College of Engineering

servomotors. Servomotors are not a specific class of motor, although the term servomotor is

often used to refer to a motor suitable for use in a closed-loop control system. Servomotors are

used in applications such as robotics, CNC machinery, and automated manufacturing.

Solar Panel - Solar panels, generally comprising of arrays of photovoltaic cells, use the solar

energy directly from the sun to generate electricity for our daily use. Being environment friendly

in nature, solar panels collect the solar energy which is available in abundance on our planet and

convert it using the advanced technology developed by human beings. This invention of humans

has led to a great achievement in world’s history of conserving non-renewable resources and

saving the planet as well as the natural resources from depletion.

Exhaust Fan - Exhaust fans have a part to play in all four, making them an obvious must-have

for greenhouses. Without these fans, your plants won’t grow. Optimal greenhouse temperatures

vary, although the range should stay within 50-68 degrees Fahrenheit. More than this, and your

greenhouse can become one giant oven. Not only will excess heat stump your plants’ growth;

it’ll also lead to wilting and ultimately, the death of your greens. This is why you need proper

ventilation in your greenhouse. Especially during the summer season, when July hits as high as

76 degrees Fahrenheit on average. Many plants, such as tomatoes, have high heat sensitivity.

This means that when the temperatures increase beyond their limits, they’ll stop growing, wilt,

and die.

With vents in strategic installation points, you can maintain even temperatures throughout the

greenhouse. But this isn’t enough a solution, as the vents can only let so much excess heat escape
 Republic of the Philippines
EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF
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through them. Exhaust fans boost the amount of heat allowed to escape through the ventilation.

As they push stale air out of your facility, they also let cool, fresh air to enter. Also, during much

hotter days, consider an evaporative cooler. This equipment working side by side your exhaust

fans help make bringing down the temp faster and more effective.

DC Pump - DC powered pumps use direct current from motor, battery, or solar power to move

fluid in a variety of ways. Motorized pumps typically operate on 6, 12, 24, or 32 volts of DC

power. Solar-powered DC pumps use photovoltaic (PV) panels with solar cells that produce

direct current when exposed to sunlight.

Stranded Wire - These thin, bundled wires are compressed and insulated with non-conductive

materials. Stranded wire is more flexible, making it ideal for connecting electronic components

in cramped spaces or for twisting and bending to fit intricate geometries. Stranded wire is more

flexible and malleable than solid wire, and it won’t split or sever. It is often used for indoor

applications such as electronic devices, circuit boards, and speaker wires.

Arduino Uno - The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the

Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller and developed by Arduino.cc and initially released in

2010. The board is equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output pins that may be

interfaced to various expansion boards and other circuits.

IOT - What is IoT? The Internet of Things (IoT) describes the network of physical objects—

“things”—that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of

connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet.
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EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF
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Soil PH Sensor - The soil pH sensor is a device that measures the current pH of the soil. It

detects the pH value of the soil by inserting two stainless steel probes vertically into the soil.

NPK Sensor - NPK sensor is suitable for detecting the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and

potassium in the soil. It helps in determining the fertility of the soil thereby facilitating the

systematic assessment of the soil condition. The sensor can be buried in the soil for a long time.