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DEVELOPMENT OF AN ARDUINO-BASED ECO VACUUM CLEANER

USING RECYCLED MATERIALS

Arbilon, Angel Dorothy T.

Carabal, Trisha Mae C.

Lood, Philmie B.

Looc National High School

Plaridel, Misamis Occidental,

Region X
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction 3

Materials and Methods 5

Results and Discussion 7

Conclusion 9

Acknowledgement 11

References 12
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INTRODUCTION

In recent years, the rapid advancement of technology has permeated

various aspects of our lives, including household chores. The Smart EcoVac

represents a significant breakthrough in home cleaning technology without

human intervention, making cleaning tasks easier and more efficient.

EcoVac is an innovative cleaning device that utilizes an Arduino

microcontroller to control its motors, sensors, and components. With its

ability to clean various surfaces and navigate narrow spaces effectively, its

powerful suction capability efficiently captures and removes dust particles,

ensuring a thorough and effective cleaning process. This device eliminates

the need for power cords and the associated limitations in mobility.

However, despite these advances, one area that continues to be

unstable and slow to progress is waste management, specifically plastic

bottles and containers. There have been relatively few notable innovations in

this matter which then led the researchers in pursuing the study in high

hopes that it may yield solutions to ease the challenges faced by individuals

burdened with demanding schedules. Furthermore, there is a growing drive

to address environmental sustainability concerns through the adoption of

reusable materials, such as cardboard packaging and plastics which

contribute significantly to environmental deterioration, accumulation of

waste, impacting ecosystems and human health (Shershneva, 2021). In

addition to the physical challenges of maintaining cleanliness, individuals

with busy schedules may experience significant psychological and emotional

burdens when they cannot find time or energy to clean their houses and

surroundings (Cherry, 2023). Traditional cleaning methods may not be

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effective or efficient enough to meet the demands of modern lifestyles.

Traditional vacuum cleaners, while effective, are quite sizable and therefore

need considerable human effort for it to function properly (Asafa et al.,

2018). Pan (2020) added that they are bulky and can be quite difficult to

store, especially in small homes. Some other disadvantages are making

limits to narrow spaces and areas with furniture unreachable to clean

(Milan, 2022). AC vacuum cleaners have cords which make it inconvenient

and pose safety hazards if you need to clean an area that is far from an

outlet. This type of vacuum cleaners tends to be noisy, which can pose

problems towards sensitive individuals (Atamer & Altinsoy, 2023). In the

locality of Plaridel, Misamis Occidental, smart typed vacuum cleaners are

not common in the market and at home. In this reason, this innovation

paves the way to invent a smart EcoVac, emphasizing the use of recycled

plastic materials wired with robotics system to meet the technological age

while addressing the increasing waste issues and environmental problems.

This study aims to determine the power suction of the developed Arduino-

based eco- vacuum cleaner. In specific it seeks to determine its efficiency in

terms of the amount of sample particles it can suck in 30 seconds. The

study on Arduino-based Smart EcoVac is relevant for all types of people,

specifically household cleaners, busy individuals and families with young

children by creating a hygienic and safe space, reducing the risk of allergies

and respiratory issues ensuring an optimal living environment for their

children. It provides a practical solution for maintaining a clean-living

environment without physical strain. It is beneficial to the environment as it

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adheres to the 7Rs of sustainability that is mandated by the Department of

Trade and Industry (2021).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The steps involved in making an Arduino-based smart vacuum cleaner

are as follows: identifying and assembling the necessary hardware, such as

motors, sensors, and batteries; using the Arduino IDE to create the software

code; assembling the system in accordance with the design, testing, and

debugging it to ensure that it satisfies the specifications; adding

functionality; and documenting the code and design for future use (Ijraset,

n.d.). To develop a practical and effective tool that can carry out specific

cleaning chores automatically; this requires experimenting with hardware

and software design (Tucci & Burns, 2023).

I. Assembling of Robot

An ultrasonic sensor was installed over the servo motor. This sensor

allowed the robot to avoid potentially harmful collisions by detecting any

obstacles in its route. The servo motor was installed on the front of the

robot. The pins of the ultrasonic sensor and the servo motor, respectively,

were inserted into the slots of the motor shield. The robot's whole circuit

was powered by a lithium-ion battery that was installed on its back. With a

switch, the robot was turned on and off as needed (Panther - Outdoor AMR |

Husarion, n.d.).

Figure 1. Circuit Diagram of

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II. Programming of Robot

Using the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE), one can

write C++ code for an Arduino-based vacuum cleaner (Ijraset, n.d.-b). It

was used to write, upload, and execute code on the Arduino board. The

Arduino Uno was connected to the computer using a USB to initiate the

programming process and start the Arduino IDE.

III. Making of Vacuum Cleaner

The plastic container was cut off with a knife to remove its bottom

part. A piece of fine mesh that fits the form of the bottle was cut and

wrapped around a piece of cardboard that has a hole in it the same diameter

as the bottle. It was then attached to the bottle. A filter was placed inside

the bottle. The vacuum's sides were tightened to prevent air from escaping

the filter and fan within. All wires were secured into its designated area. A

switch was installed on the side of the vacuum to control it on and off. A 9-

volt battery was used to power the vacuum. This process prepared the

vacuum cleaner for operation, providing the necessary components for

suction and control.

Figure 2. Arduino- based EcoVac

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IV. Pilot Testing

Two samples of light wastes were gathered, Sample 1: small cuts of

paper and Sample 2: sand. The initial mass of the samples was weighed

using a digital balance. The waste samples were then placed on a surface

and using the Arduino- based EcoVac the samples were sucked for 30

seconds. The amount of waste was then weighed again after using the

Arduino- based EcoVac. Three trials were conducted for each sample. Data

will be recorded and analyzed.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The power suction of the developed Arduino-based EcoVac is

presented in Table 1.

Table 1. Suction Power of the Arduino- Based EcoVac

Mass of sample collected in

Mass before
30 seconds Efficiency
Samples suction
(grams) (%)
(grams)
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Mean
Small cuts of
1.01 0.57 0.94 0.68 0.73 72.28
paper
Sand 3.41 1.79 1.00 1.11 1.30 38.12

The presented table displays the suction power measurements of

Sample A, with a calculated mean value of 0.73g with an efficiency rate of

72.28%. In contrast, Sample B exhibits a mean value of 1.30g with an

efficiency rate of 38.12%. The findings of the study indicate that the Smart
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EcoVac demonstrates higher efficiency in cutting papers compared to sand.

This is due to the difference in mass between the various samples.

Working Principle of the Vacuum Cleaner

The movement of materials occurs when there is a negative pressure

from an electric motor that spins the fan, sucking in air and pushing It in

into its canister, which is the fundamental process of the ideal vacuum

cleaner (Staff, 2021). A centrifugal fan moves air by transferring kinetic

energy from external sources into the air, causing it to spin (Florence, 2023).

Negative pressure is generated behind the fan as air is drawn in from behind

it and thrust forward with it. A motor is linked to a centrifugal fan in the

ultimate vacuum cleaner where the hose connection for suction is attached .

Working of Robot

The robot measures the area in front of it with an ultrasonic sensor; if

the distance is less than 30 cm, it stops. The servo motor turns to measure

the distance on its left and right sides as it goes backward. The robot goes in

that direction if the distance is over 30 centimeters. Additionally, the

vacuum cleaner is running and will be removing up dust and debris to clean

the area. Until an obstacle is found, the robot travels with the help of a

caster wheel and motor driver. When the robot senses an obstacle, it uses

the motor driver and loaded Arduino program to change course.

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CONCLUSION

The main objective of this study was to create an Arduino- based

vacuum cleaner out from recyclable materials. that would serve as a tool

with applications that would extend beyond routine household cleaning. Its

adaptability to various surfaces, coupled with its ability to autonomously

navigate and clean, positions it as an asset for commercial spaces,

contributing to improved air quality and reduced energy consumption in

offices and public buildings. It benefits individuals ranging from time

savings due to automation to the enhancement of overall health through

cleaner living spaces. The positive impact of this innovation becomes evident

by directly addressing indoor air quality, the smart vacuum cleaner

contributes to Sustainable Developmental Goal (SDG) 3 (Good Health and

Well-being), ensuring a healthier living environment for individuals across

diverse settings. Simultaneously, its eco-friendly features and energy-

efficient operations align with SDG 13 (Climate Action), mitigating

environmental impact and fostering sustainable practices. Moreover, the

product's contribution to maintaining cleaner living spaces aligns with SDG

12 (Responsible Consumption and Producion), emphasizing on absolute

reduction in plastics. Thus, the Smart EcoVac emerges not only as a

solution to contemporary challenges but as a forward-looking innovation

that aligns seamlessly with the global goals of today and tomorrow.

Recommendation
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1. Explore advanced artificial intelligence algorithms to enhance the

navigation and decision-making capabilities of the smart vacuum cleaner,

improving its overall efficiency in cleaning tasks.

2. Research methods to improve the device's adaptability to various

surfaces, including carpets, hardwood floors, and tiles. This can involve

sensor technology and adjustable mechanisms for optimal cleaning

performance.

3. Investigate battery technologies and charging systems to extend the smart

vacuum cleaner's operational time and efficiency. This is crucial for

ensuring sustained cleaning sessions without frequent interruptions.

4. Explore the use of eco-friendly and sustainable materials in the

construction of the smart vacuum cleaner.

Acknowledgement

We would like to express our deepest gratitude to everyone who played a

crucial role in the success of our research endeavor. Your unwavering

support and contributions have been instrumental, and we are truly grateful

for your invaluable assistance.

Sir Rodgiel Dumasapal, your guidance and support throughout the process

of product development were invaluable. Your expertise and encouragement

motivated us to strive for excellence.

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Ma’am Emmie J. Prince, thank you for your assistance in providing the

essential materials required for our research.

To Ma’am Shalome H. Balignot, Ms. Claire B. Janala, Ma’am Corason A.

Baluyos,, Ma’am Marecel B. Compania, Ma’am Maria Teresa C. Rosales, for

their valuable discussions, suggestions, and assistance during the course of

this study. Their input has been instrumental in shaping our research and

refining our findings.

To our parents, your unwavering financial support and belief in our

capabilities were the pillars that sustained us. Your encouragement and

understanding never wavered, and we are deeply thankful for your love and

support.

Finally, we extend our gratitude to the Almighty. Lord God, thank you for

providing us with the strength, wisdom, and inspiration to overcome

challenges and achieve success in our research. Your divine guidance has

been our guiding light.

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