SMART DUSTBIN

INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING

PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

A.SIVAJI GANESH

NAME: A.SIVAJI GANESH Reg no:

VEL TECH RANGARAJAN DR.SAGUNTHALA R&D

INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
MARCH 2021
 VEL TECH RANGARAJAN DR.SAGUNTHALA R&D
INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
CHENNAI 600 062

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project “SMART DUSTBIN” is the bonafide work of

A.SIVAJI GANESH who carried out this project work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

HOD PROJECT COORDINATOR

N.DHARANI
Assistant Professor
Department of Electronics Engineering
S.SELVA KUMAR

Assistant professor

Department of Civil Engineering

The Examination is held on __________________________<Times New Roman,14>

EXAMINER 1 EXAMINER 2

ABSTRACT

In the recent decades, Urbanization has increased tremendously. At the same phase
there is an increase in waste production. Waste management has been a crucial
issue to be considered. This paper is a way to achieve this good cause. In this
paper, smart bin is built on a microcontroller based platform Arduino Uno board
which is interfaced with GSM modem and Ultrasonic sensor. Ultrasonic sensor is
placed at the top of the dustbin which will measure the stature of the dustbin. The
threshold stature is set as 10cm. Arduino will be programmed in such a way that
when the dustbin is being filled, the remaining height from the threshold height
will be displayed. Once the garbage reaches the threshold level ultrasonic sensor
will trigger the GSM modem which will continuously alert the required authority
until the garbage in the dustbin is squashed. Once the dustbin is squashed, people
can reuse the dustbin. At regular intervals dustbin will be squashed. Once these
smart bins are implemented on a large scale, by replacing our traditional bins
present today, waste can be managed efficiently as it avoids unnecessary lumping
of wastes on roadside. Foul smell from these rotten wastes that remain untreated
for a long time, due to negligence of authorities and carelessness of public may
lead to long term problems. [1] Breeding of insects and mosquitoes can create
nuisance around promoting unclean environment. This may even cause dreadful
diseases.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

1) ABSTRACT
2) LIST OF FIGURES
3) INTRODUCTION 6
4) EXISTING SYSTEM 8
5) PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION 9
6) PROPOSED SYSTEM 10
7) BLOCK DIAGRAM 11
8) MATERIALS AND METHODS 12
9) WORKING 22
10) HARDWARE DISCUSSION 23
11) ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS 24
12) CONCLUSION 26

13) REFERENCE 26
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

Most of the cities, towns and villages in India are not well designed to facilitate the
suitable garbage collection methods.

• Common Public dustbins are filling over with the garbage and no one is
concerned to clear them up as and when they get completely packed with
overflowing garbage.

• Keeping in view of this big problem, it will be a good suggestion to do something

to deal with this unmanaged waste and from this, the concept of ‘Smart Dustbin’
came out.

The rate increasing population in our country has increasing rapidly and also we
have increase in garbage which have increased environmental issue. Dustbin is a
container which collects garbage’s or stores items which recyclable or non-
recyclable, decompose and non-decompose. They are usually used in homes, office
etc, but in case they are full no one is there to clean it and the garbage are spilled
out. The surrounding of a dustbin is also conducive for increasing the pollution
level. Air pollution due to a dustbin can produce bacteria and virus which can
produce life harmful diseases for human. Therefore, we have designed a smart
dustbin using ARDUINO UNO, ultrasonic sensor which will sense the item to be
thrown in the dustbin and open the lid with the help of the motor. It is an IOT
based project that will bring a new and smart way of cleanliness. It is a decent
gadget to make your home clean, due to practically all offspring of home
consistently make it grimy and spread litter to a great extent by electronics, rappers
and various other things. Since the smart dustbin is additionally intriguing and
children make fun with it so it will help to maintain cleanliness in home. It will be
applied for various type of waste. Dustbin will open its lid when someone/object is
near at some range then it will wait for given time period than it will close
automatically. Here lid will close when you don’t want to use and it will only open
when it required.
 CHAPTER II
EXISTING SYSTEM
 CHAPTER III
PROPOSED SYSTEM

There are millions of public dustbin out there that people use and are emptied in a
few days by the public authorities. Now the problem is not all dustbins are filled at
the same rate and the dump vehicle waste time checking each and every dustbin. ...
The solution is a smart dustbin.
 CHAPTER IV
BLOCK DIAGRAM / DESIGN

Fig 4.1 Block diagram for Smart Dust bin

 CHAPTER V
MATERIALS
5.1 Arduino uno

Fig 5.1 Arduino uno

The Arduino Uno is one kind of microcontroller board based on ATmega328, and
Uno is an Italian term which means one. Arduino Uno is named for marking the
upcoming release of microcontroller board namely Arduino Uno Board 1.0. This
board includes digital I/O pins-14, a power jack, analog i/ps-6, ceramic resonator-
A16 MHz, a USB connection, an RST button, and an ICSP header. All these can
support the microcontroller for further operation by connecting this board to the
computer. The power supply of this board can be done with the help of an AC to
DC adapter, a USB cable, otherwise a battery. This article discusses what is an
Arduino Uno microcontroller, pin configuration, Arduino Uno specifications or
features, and applications.
5.2 Ultrasonic sensors

Fig 5.2 Ultrasonic sensors

Ultrasonic sensors are used around the world, indoors and outdoors in the
harshest conditions, for a variety of applications. Our ultrasonic sensors, made with
piezoelectric crystals, use high frequency sound waves to resonate a desired
frequency and convert electric energy into acoustic energy, and vice versa. Sound
waves are transmitted to and reflected from the target back to the transducer.
Targets can have any reflective form, even round. Certain variables, such as target
surface angle, changes in temperature and humidity, and reflective surface
roughness, can affect the operation of the sensors.
5.3 Servo motors

Fig 5.3 Servo motors

Servo motors or “servos”, as they are known, are electronic devices and rotary or
linear actuators that rotate and push parts of a machine with precision. Servos are
mainly used on angular or linear position and for specific velocity, and
acceleration.

Companies heavily use servo motors because of how compact and potent it is.
Despite its size, it generates quite the amount of power and is known to be
incredibly energy-efficient.

Most of the companies that use servos are manufacturing companies that need it to
position control surfaces and rotate objects at precise angles and distances. Most of
the companies that use servo motors are manufacturing companies that use
machines with servo motors.
5.4 Battery (9V)

Fig 5.4 Battery (9V)

The nine-volt battery format is commonly available in primary carbon-zinc and

alkaline chemistry, in primary lithium iron disulfide, and in rechargeable form in
nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride and lithium-ion. Mercury-oxide batteries of
this format, once common, have not been manufactured in many years due to their
mercury content. Designations for this format include NEDA 1604 and IEC 6F22
(for zinc-carbon) or MN1604 6LR61 (for alkaline). The size, regardless of
chemistry, is commonly designated PP3—a designation originally reserved solely
for carbon-zinc, or in some countries, E or E-block.
5.5 Jumper wires

Fig 5.5 Jumper wires

Jumper wires are simply wires that have connector pins at each end, allowing them
to be used to connect two points to each other without soldering. Jumper wires are
typically used with breadboards and other prototyping tools in order to make it
easy to change a circuit as needed Fairly simple. In fact, it doesn’t get much more
basic than jumper wires.
5.6 Plastic Dust Bin

Fig 5.6 Plastic Dust Bin

CHAPTER VI
 WORKING
After wiring and attaching all the devices and setting up to the Smart Dustbin, now
observe all the important setup whether they are well connected or something
missed. After connection set up now next step is to submit/upload code in Arduino
and supply power to the circuit. When system is powered ON, Arduino keeps
monitoring for any things that come near the sensor at give range. When Ultrasonic
sensor detect any object for example like hand or others, here Arduino calculates
its distance and if it less than a certain predefines value than servo motor get
activate first and with the support of the extended arm of the lid. Lid will open for
a given time than it will automatically close.

CHAPTER VII
 PROGRAM
//define Pins//

#include <Servo.h>

Servo servo;

int trigPin = 9;

int echoPin = 8;

// defines variables

long duration;

int distance;

void setup()

servo.attach(7);

servo.write(0);

delay(2000);

// Sets the trigPin as an Output

pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);

// Sets the echoPin as an Input

pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
// Starts the serial communication

Serial.begin(9600);

void loop()

// Clears the trigPin

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

delayMicroseconds(2);

// Sets the trigPin on HIGH state for 10 micro seconds

digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);

delayMicroseconds(10);

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

// Reads the echoPin, returns the sound wave travel time in microseconds

duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

// Calculating the distance

distance= duration*0.034/2;

// Prints the distance on the Serial Monitor

Serial.print("Distance: ");

Serial.println(distance);

if ( distance <= 25 ) // Change Distance according to Ultrasonic Sensor Placement

servo.write(0);
delay(3000);

else

servo.write(90);

CHAPTER VIII
HARDWARE DISCUSSION

CHAPTER IX
 ADVANTAGES / DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES:

Following are the advantages of using Smart dustbin:

 A reduction in the number of waste collections needed by up to 80%, resulting

in less manpower, emissions, fuel use and traffic congestion.

 A reduction in the number of waste bins needed.

 Maintain environment hygiene

(i.e. no overflowing of waste and less unpleasant odor).

 It will help in bringing evolution by technology in term of cleanliness.

CHAPTER X
 CONCLUSION
Here we are going to make an evolution changes toward cleanliness. The
combination of intelligent waste monitoring and trash compaction technologies,
smart dustbins are better and shoulders above traditional garbage dustbin. It is
equipped with smart devices like sensor Arduino etc .Lid of the dustbin will
automatically open when an object comes near to the dustbin and after certain time
period it will close the lid. For social it will help toward health and hygiene, for
business for we try to make it affordable to many as many possible. So that normal
people to rich people can take benefit from it. Believe this will bring something
changes in term of cleanliness as well technology .So our next work will be adding
one more sensor which will sense whether our dustbin is full or not. And there will
be a display will be added so that user can notify that dustbin is full or not.

REFERENCES

CHAPTER XI
 LIST OF MODELS
Carpentry:

 Wooden window

 Sliding door

 Wheel chair

 Crank and slotted link

 WOODEN SHELF

Electronics:

 Power supply board

 Portable mobile charger circuit

 Emergency light

 Relay Board

Machine Shop:

 Machine Vice

 Bolt and nut assembly

 Simple and compound Gear train

 Sheet metal tray

MODEL 1
 CARPENTRY:WOODEN WINDOW

AIM:

By using wood making a wooden window

APPARATUS:

1. Wood
2. Hammer
3. Screws
4. Handle
5. Hacksaw blade
6. Screw driver
7. Hinges

PROCEDURE:

o Take the wood piece and mark the dimension.

o Cut their edges to their respective dimensions with the help of hacksaw
blade.
o After cutting the edges. Join the edges with the help of screw and hammer
With the help of window edges. Mark the window arch and cut the window
arch with the help of hacksaw blade.
o Join the window door and edges of window with the help of screws, hinges,
hammer, screw driver.
o At last, finally wooden window has been done.
DIAGRAM:
DESIGN MODEL:

Fig 9.1.1 WOODEN WINDOW

COMPLETED MODEL:
 Fig 9.1.2 WOODEN WINDOW

RESULT:
With the help of dimensions wooden window has been done successfully.

MODEL 2
 ELECTRONICS: PORTABLE MOBILE CHARGER
AIM:
By using the components making of portable mobile charger

APPARATUS:
1) DOT board
2) 7805 IC
3) 1k ohm resistor
4) P-N junction diode
5) Soldering equipments
6) Wire for connections
7) Supply wire of charger
8) LED
9) Battery cap
10) 9v battery

PROCEDURE:
o In DOT board insert 7805 IC, LED, resistor, P-N junction diode as per
the circuit diagram
o Some wire for connections and solder the all equipment to their
respective places. As per the circuit diagram
o Check the DOT board by supplying 9v battery
DIAGRAM:
DESIGN MODEL:

Fig 9.2.1 PORTABLE MOBILE CHARGER

COMPLETED MODEL :

Fig 9.2.2 PORTABLE MOBILE CHARGER

 MODEL 3
MACHINE SHOP: SHEET METAL TRAY

AIM:
By using the metal sheet. Make the sheet metal tray.

APPARATUS:
1) Metal sheet
2) Screws
3) Wood
4) Hammer
5) Cutting player
6) cutter

PROCEDURE:

o Mark the dimensions on the sheet metal and cut the metal sheet with the
help of cutter
o Mark the dimensions on edges of sheet metal and cut the metal sheet
with the help of cutter
o Here the two wood pieces has been used

1. Used to bend the metal sheet.

2. Beat the metal sheet to bring it in straight vertical

Direction.

o Here the two materials have been used

1. Bend the cone edges with the help of wood

2. With the help of cutting player beat it in a horizontal direction

o With the help of hands bend another side to touch the conebended
sides.
o With the help of screws and hammer join the two sides.

DIAGRAM:

DESIGN DIAGRAM:

Fig 9.3.1 SHET

METAL TRAY

COMPLETED
MODEL:

Fig 9.3.2 SHEET

METAL TRAY