MANUFACTURING OF GLASS

Q1) Batching Of Raw Material:

1.Main components silica and calcium oxide, soda and magnesium are weighed and mixed into
batches to which recycled glass is added. Use of cullet seduces the consumption of energy.The
materials are tested and stored for mixing later.

2 Melting of Raw Materials in the furnace being The batched raw materials pass from a mixing
in the furnace sillo to a 5-chambered furnace where they become molten. Temperatures reach
upto 16000

3. Bringing molten Glass on tin Bath The molten glass is then floated onto a bath of molten tin at
a temp. of about 1000 C. It forms a ribbon which is nearly b/w 5 & 6mm. By suitably drawing
the glass through a complex process involving top roll machines, ribbon thickness to 19mm in
the range of 1.9mm. can be achieved. The glass, which is highly vicious & the tin which is very
fluid and do not mix and the contact surface between these two materials is perfectly flat, giving
the term ‘flat’ glass to the product.
4 Cooling of molten glass in annealing Lehr On leaving Bath of molten tin, now at 600°C – has
cooled down sufficiently to pass to an annealing chamber called a lehr.
The glass now hard enough to pass over rollers & is annealed, which modifies the internal
stresses enabling it to be cut & worked in a predictable way by ensuring flatness of glass, As
both surfaces are fire finished, they need no grinding & polishing.

5. Quality checks, automatic cutting & Storage after cooling, the glass undergoes rigorous
quality checks. It is then cut into shell of sizes and stacked, stored & transported.

Q2)

1) Laminated Glass

The glass is constructed of two pile of glass which are Bonded together with interlayers to form a
permanent bond.

This glass comes in This glass is used in various thickness.

 - Buildings where hurricanes & other natural disasters are a high risk.
- Display cabinets for jewels / valuables.
- Aquariums or animal enclosures
- Glass floors, Glass stairs
- Skylights, glass roofs

This glass provides –

1) great security
2) Reduces emission
3) Reduced noise pollution
4) Protection from natural disaster

Brand:

1) Flair International- 320 per sqft

2) 2) D Kumar Lamituff Glasses (p) ltd. –Rs.250 onwards. Thickness 3-5mm

2)Frosted Glass

Frosted glass is produced by sandblasting or acid etching of dear sheet glass.

Benefits:-

- Provide privacy along with light transmission

- Good alternative to curtains or Blinds
- Available in diff colours & design
- Easy to clean resistant to scratches

Uses:-

-Bedrooms. -Offices. -Attics. – bathroom

3) Glass Blocks

These are generally smaller 2-3 inches thicker than ordinary glass. They are also known as Glass bricks.

PROPERTIES
 - Provide thermal & sound insulation
- Provides security in – Fire resistant

BRANDS

- Vishvesh Glasses put. Ltd Rs.140 per piece

- Mauk Granite 26/- per piece, 80 mm thick
- Whandler Glass House 115/- per piece

APPLICATION

- Windows
- Stairwells
- Shown screens
- Paving
- Interior and walls

4) GLASS
In earlier time, chicken wire was placed within the glassI generally in public facilities, These are called
wired Glass.

Properties:-

- Fire resistant
- Improved security
- High strength.

Brand:-

- Essar Sons 248 per sq ft, 6mm thick Size: 1200mm X 12440 mm
- Vishvesh Glass pvt ltd.125 per sqft

5) TINTED Glass

It is formed by the treatment of ordinary glass with a material such as a film or a coating which reduces
transmission of light through it
Properties:-

- more comfortable. Does not cause eye fatigue

- Reduces heat gain inside Building
- Protect from UV rays.

Brands:-

- Tornal Gless house 150 per sq ft.

- Essar Sone ,Rs. 37 per sq ft. 4-12mm thick (Size 2440mm x 8440mm)
- Motico Glass center 280 per mm. ( Thickness – 3.5mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm)

6) Float Glass

It is a sheet of glass made by floating molten glass on a bed of molten metal, generally tin.

Properties –

- Transparent & hard

- Not porous or absorbent
- Great insulation
- Low expansions & thermal conductivity.

Brand:-

- Vishvesh Classes Pvt. Ltd. (Rs.110 per sq. ft)

- Prime Man Glass Pvt. Ltd.(Thickness 15mm,Size 3300mm X 2140 mm)
- Future glass works Pvt Ltd(*65 per sq. ft Thickness: 4mm – 19mm)

Applications –

- Doors & windows

- manufacturing of tinted & Laminated Glass